Shoppers have little regard for how or where or by whom the products they buy are made, he believes. They have almost no resistance to the media messages that encourage them, around the clock, to want things and buy them. He sees a population lost in consumption, the meaning of individual existence vanished in a fog of wanting, buying and owning too many things. ------ This year, however, the Bush administration confronted the North Koreans with evidence that they had secretly continued work on their nuclear weapons program despite that agreement. Tensions have escalated since, and the United States has met resistance from some Asian allies as it tries to contain the North. ------ Piano strings are relatively poor conductors of electricity, and their resistance will quickly generate heat when a current is passed through them. Increasing the current will raise a string's temperature and cause it to expand. The expansion decreases the tension of the string, lowering the pitch. Reducing the current makes the string cooler and causes it to contract, increasing tension and raising pitch. ------ The chief justice asked Congress to approve budget requests for a modernization and security upgrade project at the Supreme Court and to address a backlog in the federal judiciary's continuing courthouse construction plan. A $5 billion building program began in 1985 to address decades of neglect of the federal courts' physical needs. The biggest federal civilian construction program since the 1930's, it has run into some Congressional resistance. ------ For the people of the Jabal Johar neighborhood on the east side of Hebron, Mr. Hamdiya's death seemed a natural end of an Israeli strategy of applying pressure to quell resistance in one of the West Bank's most restive areas. Since November, when 12 Israeli soldiers were killed near here, the campaign has been particularly fierce, locals say. Curfews, interrogations and beatings have become as commonplace as shopping and going to school, they say. ------ Aside from that play, the Raptors gave the Knicks very little resistance. The Knicks outscored Toronto by 28-14 in the second quarter to break it open, they led by as many as 22 points and they never missed Clarence Weatherspoon, who was suspended for one game without pay ($55,500) and fined $20,000 for an altercation with Kevin Willis during Monday's victory over San Antonio. ------ The question hanging over Northeast Asia today is: will China use its leverage to persuade North Korea to abandon its bomb program? Many South Koreans and Japanese fear that China will decide that the path of least resistance will be to persuade South Korea and Japan to accept a nuclear North Korea. ------ This prompted some concerted resistance from scientists. Bruce Alberts, a biochemist who heads the National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences, told the academy's annual meeting on April 29: ------ And Hurston's financial situation was often desperate. Her letters are full of money woes. Many of these letters are among the hardest in the collection to read, particularly those that hail Mason as ''Godmother dearest, far-seeing one'' or as the ''dearest, little mother of the primitive world.'' In other letters to Mason and to Annie Nathan Meyer, the founding mother of Barnard who helped Hurston gain admission to the college, the supplicant seems to bow down even lower as she signs herself ''your little pickaninny.'' One can argue, as both Kaplan and Boyd do, that Hurston, a master of double-entendre, was ''playing'' Mason and Meyer the way a trickster might play the master -- feather-bed resistance,'' she calls it in ''Mules and Men.'' Perhaps, but the old folks would say Zora was two-faced. ------ The Americans have played imperial guarantor in the region since Roosevelt met with Ibn Saud in 1945 and Truman recognized Ben-Gurion's Israel in 1948. But it paid little or no price for its imperial pre-eminence until the rise of an armed Palestinian resistance after 1987. Now, with every day that American power appears complicit in Israeli attacks that kill civilians in the West Bank and in Gaza, and with the Arab nations giving their tacit support to Palestinian suicide bombers, the imperial guarantor finds itself dragged into a regional conflict that is one long hemorrhage of its diplomatic and military authority. ------ In the meantime, Mr. Fulford can see increased disease resistance and higher fruit quality in his crops. Most serious farmers know what works, and what doesn't. Mr. Fulford says compost tea works. ------ In the meantime, Mr. Fulford can see increased disease resistance and higher fruit quality in his crops. Most serious farmers know what works, and what doesn't. Mr. Fulford says compost tea works. ------ In the meantime, Mr. Fulford can see increased disease resistance and higher fruit quality in his crops. Most serious farmers know what works, and what doesn't. Mr. Fulford says compost tea works. ------ Mr. Suozzi said he knew that asking county workers to work harder even as the work force was cut would be no easy task and that there was bound to be some resistance to performance evaluations. ------ In the meantime, Mr. Fulford can see increased disease resistance and higher fruit quality in his crops. Most serious farmers know what works, and what doesn't. Mr. Fulford says compost tea works. ------ In the 1970's, Mr. Brzezinski took part in the last major debate over reducing American forces in Korea, when President Carter, motivated by post-Vietnam doubts about American power, proposed withdrawing ground forces from the peninsula. He faced resistance from the South Korean government, the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency. The arguments against withdrawal then still apply today, Mr. Brzezinski says. A secure Korea makes Japan more confident, he contends. An American withdrawal from Korea could raise questions about the United States' commitment to the 40,000 troops it has in Japan. And that could drive anxious Japanese leaders into a military buildup that could include nuclear weapons, he argues. ''If we did it, we would stampede the Japanese into going nuclear,'' he said. ------ There is fierce resistance from the hacks. Mexico City's taxi drivers can be divided into two distinct groups. There are the honest ones, men who hold the immense map of their city in the heads much like a chess grandmaster memorizes every opening ever played. Then there are the pirates -- a small but ever-present underclass that views passengers as a cat eyes a canary. Flag them at your peril, for to hail may be farewell to wallet and well-being. The city fathers think their program will weed out these freebooters by denying them taxi licenses for their Bugs. ------ Sheik Talal described the likely resistance in religious terms. ''We protect the nation's land and we would consider killing Americans a jihad in the service of God if they come here as aggressors,'' he said. ''The Koran says an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, so when anybody kills us, we will kill them.'' ------ The greatest resistance, however, is likely to come when pressure grows for farmers in some districts to give up on water-guzzling crops like alfalfa and cotton. ------ The committee, composed of representatives of the parties that have Knesset seats and two neutral members (both of whom opposed the decision), described Mr. Tibi and Mr. Bishara as consistently expressing opposition to the existence of a Jewish state (as contrasted with a state of ''all its citizens'' in which everyone is equal, Jew or Arab). Under Israeli law, such opposition bars a person's candidacy. Mr. Bishara was also accused of supporting armed resistance in the occupied territories, an accusation he denied. ------ It wasn't easy to get actors to audition for it. Ms. Hamburger said: ''There was some resistance from agents: 'What? You want my client to go to a theme park?' '' ------ She joined the resistance, Her husband, Lucien Orfinger, also in the resistance, was captured in 1943 and killed in a concentration camp the next year. ------ Ms. Orfinger Karlin intensified her resistance work after her husband's death, becoming one of the few women in the partisan leadership. ------ The Bush administration has warned that any resistance on the part of the Iraqis will be considered a ''material breach'' of the United Nations resolution and possible justification for an attack. ------ ''We were very happy'' with the Franz commercials, said Mark Schweitzer, vice president for marketing at Nextel in Reston, Va. But because the plots were focused on the actor's ''resistance to doing product advertising,'' he added, after a year ''the joke has been told.'' ------ Because the body processes fructose differently from sucrose or dextrose, Mr. Critser suggests, its overuse may skew ''the national metabolism toward fat storage.'' As for palm oil and palm kernel oil, he says, ''both are implicated in insulin resistance,'' and ''both tend to raise total and LDL, or 'bad,' cholesterol, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.'' ------ Since starting their work on Nov. 27, the inspectors have visited about 250 sites. Until now, Iraqi officials dealing with the inspectors have refrained from criticism because Washington has made it clear that even the slightest resistance could constitute the ''material breach'' of the resolution that could set off a war. ------ ''One looks in vain for any evidence of corporate stewardship with respect to environmental issues,'' Bradley M. Campbell, the state's environmental commissioner, said. McWane's conduct, he said, amounts to a pattern of ''resistance, recalcitrance and denial, if not outright lawlessness.'' ------ British newspapers have coined the term ''Frankenfoods,'' reflecting the deep suspicion of crops like corn and soybeans, when genetically modified to increase productivity and improve resistance to disease. Such modifications, many fear, may have unintended consequences for human health. ------ Iraq has been avoiding direct confrontations with the inspectors, its officials worried that anything that smacks of resistance will be used by the Bush administration to justify a war. ------ For all Lind's chilling reminders of just how much the Bush administration is a reflection of ultraconservative views, his portrait of the Bush presidency is overly stark and deterministic. It is too much a caricature and too little an account of other forces at work in the American economy and politics that have slowed and partly deterred Bush from excesses offensive to a majority of Americans. Indeed, what seems most striking about the Bush presidency so far is not only the extent to which he is a representative of reactionary influences in Texas, the South and other parts of the country but also how important moderate centrist influences remain in shaping national policies and actions. Jim Jeffords's departure from the Republican Party was an initial indication that Bush would not be able to force the Senate into following a right-wing agenda. Senate resistance to some of Bush's judicial appointments, his limited concessions on stem cell research, his signature on campaign finance and corporate accounting laws, his agreement to Harvey Pitt's resignation as head of the Securities and Exchange Commission, his acceptance of an independent commission to investigate 9/11 and his repudiation of Trent Lott's endorsement of Strom Thurmond's 1948 presidential bid on a segregationist platform are other examples of how centrist influences in American life push a president, regardless of his agenda, toward the center. ------ In a garage with room for more than 30 trucks, two T-52 tanks and two armored personnel-carriers stand side by side. They were used to test their resistance to germ warfare. ------ The new guitars have met resistance from some music-world purists. But Mr. Martin has embraced the challenge of winning them over. ''It makes me feel young,'' he said. ''Otherwise, it's like running my grandfather's business.'' CAMPBELL ROBERTSON ------ In another deadly incident, a pair of Palestinian gunmen slipped into the Israeli farming town of Gadish, near the boundary with the West Bank, and killed an Israeli resident there, Israeli officials said. Israeli security forces killed the two militants during a gunfight, one Israeli official said. Gadish is near the predominantly Palestinian town of Jenin, a center of the Palestinian resistance and the site of heavy fighting earlier this year. ------ After the war, he worked for the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, interviewing Gestapo and Nazi Party members and German resistance fighters about the psychological effects of carpet bombing. The results of his work became part of the debate over bombing North Vietnam in the Vietnam War. ------ Asked how he would feel if a child with an exemption from him contracted polio, he answered: ''If they're clear spinally, if the communication between God and the body is clear and they're working at 100 percent efficiency, then their resistance will be higher. Unless God wants them to leave. God does want people to leave eventually. I wouldn't feel I'd made a mistake. I'd feel it was part of God's will.'' ------ The trick has been staying ahead of the ability of micro-organisms to develop resistance by continually finding new antibiotics to which they are still susceptible. The potentially deadly infections mean frequent hospitalizations for many cystic fibrosis patients. Some have a central line implanted to aid in the frequent administration of antibiotics. ------ Already, though, that plan is running into resistance. Union leaders and superintendents have complained bitterly about Mr. Klein's preliminary evaluation tool: a report card of sorts that measures principals in eight areas, including test scores and suspension and attendance rates. ------ The resistance is currently found only in a few types of weeds, crop scientists say, and farmers can easily use other herbicides to kill those weeds. ------ But some scientists are concerned that the resistance could spread, rendering Roundup herbicide less useful. That would be a problem for farmers because glyphosate is by far the most popular weed-killing chemical in the world. It is considered relatively benign in environmental terms and safe enough for use in home gardens, and it helps farmers control weeds without the tilling that can contribute to soil erosion. ------ Monsanto executives say that the resistance is not a significant problem. ''The reality is, and the facts are that, one, resistance to glyphosate is rare and, two, where it has occurred around the world it is very manageable,'' said Kerry Preete, vice president for United States markets. Company officials said they expected use of the crops and of glyphosate to continue increasing. ------ The resistance issue is surfacing at a tough time for Monsanto. The company lost $1.75 billion in the first nine months of 2002 as sales plunged more than 18 percent, to $3.45 billion from $4.25 billion. Its chief executive, Hendrik A. Verfaillie, was forced to resign last month. ------ Resistance eventually develops in virtually all herbicides and insecticides, and many products continue to be widely used despite that. What is surprising is that Roundup has been used for nearly 30 years, and resistance has developed only recently. ------ ''It's been an amazing herbicide,'' said Dr. Heap of the Weed Science Society, who also runs the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Corvallis, Ore. ''It's been used all around the world for many years, and we haven't seen much resistance.'' ------ The fact that little resistance has emerged so far is reassuring, scientists say, because it suggests that resistance will not spread quickly to other types of weeds. Still, Roundup herbicide is now being used more frequently and in different ways from before. ------ Scientists say herbicides should be varied to prevent a buildup of resistance. Yet many farmers are now using only glyphosate, they say. Rotating crops usually helps deter resistance because different herbicides are used with different crops. But now some farmers are rotating Roundup Ready soybeans with Roundup Ready cotton or corn, meaning that the same herbicide is used every year. And with Roundup Ready crops, the herbicide may be used both before seeds are planted and while the crops are growing. ------ When farmers plant the other major type of genetically modified crop, containing an insect-resistance gene known as BT, the government requires a portion of the fields to be planted with non-BT crops in order to slow the development of insects resistant to the toxin produced by the BT gene. But the government has no rules for Roundup Ready crops. ------ Monsanto officials said that because weeds do not move around like insects, leaving fields free of Roundup Ready crops would not solve the resistance problem. They say the company advises farmers on how to use Roundup herbicide properly to prevent resistance from emerging. For the Roundup-resistant mare's-tail, Monsanto is advising farmers to use another herbicide along with Roundup. ------ Crop specialists said it might be hard to get farmers to reduce their use of Roundup herbicide and Roundup Ready crops unless the resistance became severe. ------ ''The Monsanto scientists understand'' the possibility of resistance, said Joseph Di Tomaso, a weed specialist at the University of California at Davis. ''The real problem is the farmers. It's just so darn easy for them to control their weeds with Roundup.'' ------ Jagr scored his 22nd goal at 16:02 by dancing past Arron Asham, then firing a shot over Osgood's glove after meeting no further resistance. The Capitals made it 3-1 with a goal at 18:50. Jagr fed Kip Miller, the former Islander, for his seventh goal. ------ Williams's 3-6, 7-6 (5), 7-5 victory was a flashback to the days before she had learned to control her overwhelming power and emotions, to the time before she had won three Grand Slam tournaments in a row against little resistance. Though Loit was tactically adroit, mixing marvelous inside-out forehand winners with crisply chipped backhands in an attempt to keep Williams guessing and lunging, Williams was largely responsible for her own problems by serving poorly in the opening set and making unforced errors in bunches (55 over all). ------ The expulsions were intended to end resistance. For a while, they did. But within 20 years, the Hamawands walked back, eastward across Africa to Egypt, then northward through the Middle East, returning to their villages and another century of strife. ------ In last year's 44-day walkout at Hershey Foods in Pennsylvania, the main issue was the union's resistance to shouldering more of the health care costs. In last month's New York City transit dispute, the No. 1 issue for the union was ensuring the solvency of a health plan depleted by spiraling costs. And the division of health costs between management and union is expected to be the central question in negotiations later this year involving the United Auto Workers and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. ------ Mr. Migliore, who had quit his private counseling practice to nurse Mr. Glaser, was bereft in April 1994. And broke. He discovered that his employees -- make that ex-employees -- were skimming from the take and that the business owed the government thousands of dollars. He was irate when vendors -- sent, he says by A Different Light -- showed up on the sidewalk and distributed handbills accusing Creative Visions of selling pornography. Mr. Migliore begs to differ. Erotic, yes; pornographic, no. He never, he says, encountered any resistance from the Oscar Wilde store. Enter Creative Visions, and one of the first books that meets the eye is ''The Wit and Wisdom of Oscar Wilde.'' ------ Mr. Feeney said he was not sure if the state would send a required certification of the plan to the federal emergency agency by Jan. 31, in part because three of the four counties surrounding the plant have said they will not send required information to the state in protest of the plant. If the agency does not certify an emergency plan because of resistance from the state, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission could shut down a plant, at least temporarily. ------ But his genius depended on an ability to thrust aside his own physical limitations, to make them irrelevant to his art. The critic Donald Francis Tovey once wrote that ''to study the lives of great artists is often a positive hindrance to the understanding of their works, for it is usually the study of what they have not mastered, and thus it undermines their authority in the things which they have mastered.'' Lockwood takes the view that Beethoven's ''inner character always underlies the artistic enterprise'' in that ''we feel a granitic inner strength'' in the work, a resistance to adversity. Between 1797 and 1802, when he knew his hearing was going, and must have been despondent, Beethoven was more productive than ever. Overcoming adversity became the motif of music like the Fifth and Ninth Symphonies and ''Fidelio,'' whose drama moves from struggle and turmoil to triumph. ------ In a land riven by fierce clan loyalties and regional factionalism, such massive social upheaval naturally sparked resistance, and Qaddafi made it clear he wasn't interested in any free-ranging debate. Real and imagined ''enemies of the people'' were imprisoned and occasionally executed, while a vast network of secret policemen and informers kept watch for ''reactionaries,'' a category broad enough to include Muslim fundamentalists, covetous fellow army officers and members of the Westernized business class. As intrigues and coup attempts multiplied, Qaddafi developed a pattern of constantly transferring military and government officials from post to post and endlessly redrawing administrative boundaries -- inflicting a certain chaos on the country but also ensuring that no one had the means to build a power base that might challenge his. ------ Even the art world, built on a foundation of hierarchies and exclusions, produced its own versions. Activist groups like the Artworkers Coalition and the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition made concerted attempts to pry open institutional doors and let in a multicultural world. Simultaneously, nonmilitant movements like the Dada-inspired Fluxus produced an ephemeral, give-away, anyone-can-do-it art that amounted to a kind of passive resistance to the existing market economy. Both approaches -- one forceful, one gentle -- changed the way art was thought about, and the way it looked. ------ Of the few desserts, favorites are the simple, not-too-sweet rice pudding that Mr. Virok's mother makes and the peanut butter ice cream, a seductive blur of sweet and salt, yield and resistance made by Arctic Ice Cream, in Trenton. And there's enough in the bowl to share. ------ In ''Trying Times,'' a pair of interpreters play Albert, the overseer, at his desk in the main house, and Susan, the enslaved woman who was head of the dairy operations. Their dramatic conversation, in which Susan seeks permission to visit a family member who had been sold, expresses some of the complexities of their relationship and the under-the-surface resistance and negotiation that goes on between them. ------ Another question circulating last week was: Why is Mr. McGreevey doing this? After all, there will be huge resistance. More important, many Republicans in Trenton say the governor and the state Democratic Party collect millions in contributions from developers, and Mr. McGreevey's veto of the campaign finance reform would indicate -- to them -- that he intends to keep them coming. ------ Despite the sporadic pockets of resistance, Mr. Hayward began to shoot. ------ Before a care manager starts work, relatives should be prepared to provide an analysis of family dynamics. Ms. Lebow, a social worker, asks family members to fill out a questionnaire that delves into their opinions of the relative's emotional state, personality and cognitive functioning. Sometimes she helps siblings settle disagreements. She will also help family members overcome resistance by an aging relative, perhaps suggesting that a trusted doctor or friend introduce the care manager to the relative. ------ Mr. Cruise's workout can be done at home, using free weights. Jim Karas, who is Diane Sawyer's trainer and the author of ''Flip the Switch: Discover the Weight-Loss Solution and the Secret of Getting Started'' (Harmony Books, 2002), trains his clients with inflated rubber balls, free weights and resistance bands. He prescribes two to three sessions of 20 minutes each a week, with five minutes of cardio to warm up. ------ ''I am not against resistance training by any means,'' said Dr. Church, who has twice finished the notoriously difficult Ironman Triathlon. ''But it sounds like these guys have got a gimmick and are trying to make a buck.'' ------ WHEN Gotham was publishing its two reports this fall, few outsiders knew how strained its circumstances were. As Mr. Ackman and Mr. Berkowitz scrambled to meet redemption notices from investors, they had another worry. They were encountering resistance to their plan to salvage their investment in Gotham Golf -- a money-losing golf course company they had built that dominated the fund's portfolio. Their plan was to merge it with First Union Real Estate Equity and Mortgage Investments, a profitable real estate investment trust that Mr. Ackman took over in 1998. A lawsuit brought last April by a holder of the First Union REIT's preferred stock threatened to block the deal, risking a loss of $20.3 million that the hedge fund had loaned to Gotham Golf. ------ ''The Americans want to get Saddam out by military means, and we want to get him out by psychological intensification,'' an adviser to the Saudi royal family said. ''The most important thing for the generals and everyone else in Iraq is to separate themselves from Saddam, especially if he wants to kill himself through resistance and through war that will take everyone with him.'' ------ The unseeded Spaniard Virginia Ruano Pascual proved the beneficiary of Jennifer Capriati's stunning first-round loss, coming through Capriati's section of the draw to reach her first quarterfinal in Melbourne with a 6-3, 6-3 victory over Denisa Chladkova of the Czech Republic. But Ruano Pascual will meet more resistance now: she plays Henin-Hardenne next. ------ The crowd, jeering at the officers, dispersed by 3 p.m. with no further arrests, but many said their resistance would continue. ------ It owes its resistance to the fact that when radiation breaks apart its DNA the pieces are held close enough together for mending to occur, according to research by scientists from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and other institutions. ------ D. radiodurans has long been a scientific curiosity because of its ability to withstand a radiation dose of 1.5 million rads, making its resistance 1,500 times as great as that for any other living thing. ------ In their studies, reported in Science, the researchers found that the key to the resistance lies in the unusual ringlike structure of the bacterium's DNA. ------ China has been the main country opposing the effort to take North Korea's nuclear program to the Security Council, fearing that doing so could lead inexorably to the imposition of sanctions. China strongly opposes increased pressure, arguing that attempts to isolate the North's government can only backfire and stiffen its resistance. ------ But it does not make for a natural welcome, especially in the Baltic States, which were occupied by the Soviet Union for nearly 50 years. And Latvian resistance to Russian ownership of Ventspils seems to be behind the cutoff of oil to the port. ------ Mr. Powell seemed to be caught off guard by the resistance, especially the French broadside. It came during a meeting of the foreign ministers of 13 of the 15 Security Council countries, who were convened by France -- as the Council president this month -- to discuss ways to defeat global terrorism. ------ Even today, the PRI, which still holds a plurality in Congress, is fighting changes to the Constitution and at the oil giant it created, in part on grounds of patriotism. President Fox's attempts at reform have been hamstrung by PRI resistance -- and Pemex's history of corruption. ------ All commercial citrus trees are grafted onto rootstock, which farmers select for adaptation to the soil, resistance to disease and influence on fruit quality. On a chilly morning last February, Robert M. Baker, who farms 650 acres of navels around Ivanhoe, in the heart of the San Joaquin citrus belt, picked a Washington from a 50-year-old tree growing on sour orange rootstock, once the industry standard. He cut a slice, which tasted wonderfully rich and tangy-sweet. ------ It is clear that within the self-governing territory, the notion of nationhood, long an organizing principle of Kurdish resistance, has assumed the character of a dream deferred. ------ At a meeting of Council foreign ministers here on Monday, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell met considerable resistance from three other permanent, veto-bearing Council members -- China, Russia and especially France -- to military action against Iraq in coming weeks. The chief weapons inspectors will give a report to the Council on Monday, and American officials have said that they might use that event to make their case for war. ------ Henin-Hardenne and Venus Williams advanced with straight-set victories on Tuesday. Serena Williams and Clijsters did the same today, with Serena defeating Meghann Shaughnessy, 6-2, 6-2, and Clijsters overcoming slightly more resistance in her 6-2, 6-4 victory over Anastasiya Myskina of Russia. ------ Bill Stapleton, one of the vice presidents who publicly demanded her resignation, said yesterday: ''She's not our leader. She needs to rethink what she's doing. Her continued resistance to resigning is damaging the movement every day.'' ------ Some administration officials expressed the belief that France and other reluctant allies, accepting American military action as inevitable, would be won over in the end -- perhaps out of concern that their businesses might lose any role in exploiting Iraq's oil. Others said the French might ease their resistance if the United States allowed the inspectors a few more weeks. ------ In private, many French diplomats acknowledge that the war is inevitable. In public, they say war can be avoided. That infuriates the State Department, where aides speak sarcastically of French envoys as ''the French resistance.'' ------ As resistance to military action appeared to harden among members of the United Nations Security Council, a senior administration official acknowledged that the United States did not now have the votes to force a second Council resolution explicitly authorizing an attack, and Mr. Powell said it was ''an open question'' whether to seek one. ------ Originally, lawyers for a group of families who had filed the suit argued for the creation of regional school districts that would blend Hartford's mostly black and brown classrooms with the mostly white ones in the suburbs. Fierce resistance from suburban parents and legislators kept such a plan from ever taking hold. ------ We may win the case before the World Trade Organization, but that is likely only to guarantee a hardening of resistance by consumers. ------ There are two main types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, which results from the body's failure to produce insulin, usually occurs during childhood or adolescence. Type 2, the most common form of the disease, usually occurs after age 45, and stems from insulin resistance (the body failing to use insulin properly), combined with relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes can often be controlled through diet, nutrition and lifestyle changes, according to the American Diabetes Association. ------ Bush administration officials say they will not let resistance from Germany and France dissuade them from considering military action against Iraq if they find that Mr. Hussein refuses to meet United Nations requirements for disarmament. Moreover, they say they are confident that the United States can wage war against Iraq without detracting from the campaign against terrorism. ------ The Williams sisters had never played in a final at the Australian Open, yet there had been a palpable sense of resistance in the stands of Melbourne Park to the idea of a fourth straight all-Williams final in a major, with Serena's and Venus's victories being greeted in generally subdued fashion by the crowd and even with occasional boos. ------ ''I don't quite understand that, because I've seen in the past with the same people getting into the same position, and it wasn't that big an issue,'' she said of public resistance to the prospect of all-Williams finals. ------ Britain, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Australia and a number of Persian Gulf states have offered military assistance or access to bases, but there should be no mistaking this ad hoc group for a united international front. France, Germany, Russia, China and even Canada are not on board. They may all have their parochial reasons for not joining the fight, but their resistance to war should be a powerful signal that if anything goes wrong -- and something will go wrong sooner or later -- the United States will bear the responsibility alone. ------ Mr. Hussein, like all totalitarian rulers, has worked to eliminate the very possibility of resistance, and this made the marsh dwellers his ineluctable enemy. Inhabiting an area of several thousand square miles accessible only by boat until the advent of the helicopter, the marshes were a traditional center of rebellion and banditry. The Turks, the Persians and the British came to know the men of the marshes through their raids on passing caravans and regiments and trains. In the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980's, the marshes were an infiltration route for Iraqi opposition militias based in Iran. ------ Film fantasies of inescapable surveillance, ''reality'' scenarios of self-imposed exposure and artworks offering tools for resistance or subversion all point to the growing sense that we are always under observation For good or for ill? Mr. Mesches has a certain perspective on this subject. He said, ''I keep telling people, what I experienced is like a Zen garden compared to what's coming.'' ------ Overcoming the remaining resistance to hunting for dates through the Internet is a major aim of Match.com's new advertising campaign, which started earlier this month. ------ ''It's the path of least resistance,'' Mr. Blomberg said. ''Eventually they grind you down.'' ------ When Vice President Dick Cheney was defense secretary during the administration of the first President Bush, his aides drafted a document, known as the Defense Planning Guidance, which included many of the provocative themes that the current administration has embraced. The Cheney aides involved in the effort included Paul D. Wolfowitz, now the deputy defense secretary; I. Lewis Libby, now Mr. Cheney's chief of staff, and Zalmay Khalilzad, now the White House envoy to the Iraqi resistance. ------ Mr. Chalabi also acknowledged that not all members of the Bush administration were in favor of the creation of a provisional government inside Iraq. He also said he was ''sorry to say'' that some Arab states friendly to Washington ''prefer the option of a United States military government in Iraq to a provisional government led by the Iraqi opposition.'' He did not name the countries. But he also said he believed that resistance within the Bush administration to his intentions could be overcome because ''President Bush has decided to confront Saddam Hussein.'' Mr. Chalabi also said that Zalmay Khalilzad, the White House envoy to the Iraqi opposition movement, even said that he would travel to northern Iraq to join a meeting of a committee of 65 opposition leaders chosen at a conference last month in London. ''Khalilzad knew all about it, and he has encouraged me and said he favored my travel plans,'' Mr. Chalabi said in the interview. ------ There has been some resistance to change, Jeff Wilpon added. He had suggested the team consider changing the dimensions of the outfield walls at Shea Stadium to help the offense, but the Mets' hierarchy decided to stick with the current dimensions after studying the matter. ------ At most turns, Mr. Shinto faced stiff resistance from older N.T.T. executives; from the company's powerful union, which represented many of its 300,000 workers; and from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, which regulates the industry. He introduced more modern financial planning, helped reduce the company's huge debts and made the company focus more on the global marketplace. ------ In London, Mr. Straw said Mr. Blix's report might have lessened European resistance to a military campaign. ''There is a great degree of sobriety now about the seriousness of the situation and a better understanding of the case the U.S. and we have been making about the Iraqi regime and its noncompliance.'' ------ Mr. Hekmatyar, an Islamic fundamentalist who was an important leader in the resistance against the Soviets in the 1980's, is opposed to the American military presence in Afghanistan, and to the government of President Hamid Karzai, whom he sees as an American-installed leader. There are also reports from Afghan and Pakistani officials that Arab and other foreign fighters are now based in the tribal areas of Pakistan, along the Afghan border, and are preparing new and bigger attacks against American troops in Afghanistan. ------ Later in the day, the president of the Medical Society of New Jersey, which supports the work stoppage, denounced the trial lawyers as greedy because of their resistance to any limits on the size of awards to negligence victims for pain and suffering. ------ Our lengthening global reach as a nation has made it increasingly difficult to maintain a Monroe Doctrine-ish distance from the rest of the world -- even in sport and perhaps especially in sport. As we police the world and tap into new markets, we also learn more about the world's recreations. A sport like cricket is not on our radar screen here, but cricket is in the primary sports diets in a large part of the world. We have to a large extent resisted the entreaties of soccer, but resistance is weakening. As the world community shrinks, we become introduced to new tastes, new passions and new realities. ------ 4. If the war goes really well, with resistance collapsing quickly and Iraqis welcoming the Americans as liberators, the semi-antiwar politicians will focus on internal squabbling sure to accompany an imposed democracy. They are positioned to accuse the president of failing to prepare for the business of nation-building and to publish his ''exit strategy.'' ------ Despite President Bush's fierce indictment of Mr. Hussein in his State of the Union address on Tuesday, the United States met broad resistance on the Council today to moving toward war. However, many Council nations said they would welcome Mr. Powell's presentation, and diplomats said privately that they were hoping he would present evidence convincing enough to break the impasse. ------ The fight here appears to have fostered an unusual level of cooperation among doctors, who are traditionally independent and competitive, and strong resistance from many New Jersey legislators and Gov. James E. McGreevey, who oppose the doctors' demand for a $250,000 cap on so-called pain-and-suffering damages for victims of malpractice. ------ Religious leaders, no less than political ones, have raised this or that objection to a war in Iraq. But in both cases, as well as in the opposition revealed in public opinion polls around the world, what seems to be driving the resistance is a gestalt much like the one ''Pacem in Terris'' emphasized 40 years ago: in this instance, the total pattern of American policy. ------ In the case of Schubert's ''Death and the Maiden,'' the song reaches into the quartet in two distinct ways: as a melodic subject for variation in the slow movement and as a poetic atmosphere pervading the entire work. The slow movement, though most directly related to the song, is farthest removed from the anxiety expressed in and by the poem by Matthias Claudius, a great German poet of the second half of the 18th century. It conveys the restfulness promised by Death, not the resistance voiced by the Maiden, which comes across in the three fast movements. Or more likely, what one hears here are the relentless hoofbeats of Death on a black charger, Death the huntsman. ------ If you want to ''do acts of justice'' in an unjust world, circa 1969, how do you go about it? ''Great Neck'' provides at least a dozen answers, each one plausible to the character who dreams it up. Laura's boyfriend, a physics prodigy at M.I.T., tripping on acid, whispers to her that he doesn't care if he dies in a demo -- because if I can't help stop them killing Vietnamese, I feel like I'll have to kill myself.'' Cantor convinces us that you wouldn't need LSD to feel something similar: a student in that torrid climate -- race riots, serial assassination, napalmed villages, the daily body count -- could easily find the role of nonviolent warrior too tame. For Beth, who lumps American imperialism with ''the death camps that had nearly killed her father,'' passive resistance is tantamount to the acquiescence of the ''good German.'' That may sound extreme, but there's a fabulous abundance in ''Great Neck'' of serious argument about how to combat establishment evil -- and some spectacular demonstrations of how the battle can go awry. (There's also, for my taste, too much reliance on Billy's comic books as a fantasy counterpoint to the daily struggle.) ------ Still, one need not share Emmott's version of classical liberalism to appreciate his call in his final chapter for ''paranoid optimism.'' The saving strength of historical liberalism, in thought as well as practice, has been its resistance to totalizing systems -- including totalizing liberal systems. ''What the 20th century showed, throughout its span, was that man's ability to take control of economic, social and political forces is severely limited. And the biggest human, economic and even environmental disasters occurred when people came to believe that they had discovered all the answers to the question of what needed to be done.'' ------ In 1989 and after, Mr. Havel's genius was not just to harness popular resistance into a force that peacefully overwhelmed the Communist regime. It was also to understand that to take on the trappings of leadership did not mean to betray his humanity. Mr. Havel never stopped being a dissident. His immense early popularity gradually ebbed, in part because he continued to remind his compatriots that their newfound democracy depended on their everyday moral vigilance. He remained, like most artists and many intellectuals, an outsider. ------ And epidemiologists are concerned that the bacterium may develop resistance to the handful of antibiotics that still work against it. ------ Health officials say that even if an infection appears to have abated, it is critical that patients complete their entire course of antibiotic treatment, which helps prevent the pathogen from mutating and developing further resistance. ------ Asked by a businessman whether South Korea would ever completely stop closing itself off, Mr. Roh said: ''We have developed strong resistance in our national sentiment. We will try to open up to introduce advanced regulations.'' ------ But in Poland, a heavily Roman Catholic country where the church kept national aspirations alive under the Communist system and the government installed a crucifix in Parliament after that system crumbled, a reference to God in the European constitution would serve as a tribute to the church's role of resistance during Poland's decades as a Soviet satellite. ------ The administration's plan has run into resistance from some health experts who are concerned about the side effects and efficacy of a widespread vaccination program. ------ As Mr. Burr recounts the step-by-step way in which Mr. Turin's voracious curiosity led him to verify and advance this theory, he makes no bones about his own faith in it. He also registers surprise at the resistance -- hostility even -- that Mr. Turin and anyone siding with him have encountered among scientists espousing the shape hypothesis rather than the one about vibration. ------ It described the poor Caribbean nation as a ''path of minimal resistance'' for drug traffickers because of weak democratic institutions, corrupt officials and a fledgling police force. ------ In mid-November just before the inspectors returned, Iraqi experts were ordered to report to the headquarters of the special security organization to receive counterintelligence training. The training focused on evasion methods, interrogation resistance techniques, and how to mislead inspectors. ------ On the other hand, the popular appeal of Mr. Bush's proposals could trump much of the resistance. Though only a tiny percentage of taxpayers receive more than a few hundred dollars a year in taxable stock dividends, millions of people could be attracted to the saving and retirement plans. ------ Working on a vast canvas, Mr. Pearl keeps this mystery sparkling with erudition. Among its many sidelights are the attack by Dr. Louis Agassiz of Harvard upon Darwin's theory of evolution; a discussion of the Fugitive Slave Act and its consequences; the resistance faced by Italian immigrants, who number only about 300 in the Boston area in 1865; and the killing of Dr. George Parkman by John W. Webster, a crime that still haunts Holmes. ------ GIVEN the logistics and finances of our current musical life, Berlioz is not particularly user-friendly. The choruses and orchestras tend toward the splendidly big and the splendidly bizarre; the operas can be long and stage-resistant. That the ''Symphonie Fantastique'' is repeated in concert programs to the point of cliché may have something to do with its relatively modest demands: not a lot of extra hiring, not a lot of audience resistance. But pieces like the Requiem become special events requiring battalion strength. As an acoustical event, public performance works best. But to get acquainted, best turn elsewhere. ------ Many of President Vicente Fox's attempts to change Mexico have been hobbled by the resistance of the old guard. The former ruling party and its millions of loyal members still run much of Mexico's federal machinery. They enjoy a plurality in Congress, and they revel in blocking the sweeping changes Mr. Fox pledged to enact when he became the first opposition politician to take the presidency two years ago. ------ Hair, in short, has become a measure of resistance to the forced will of the Islamic Republic. ------ Mr. Hussein is a cagey despot, and he is certain to use the coming week to make a dramatic concession or two. But Hans Blix, the chief inspector for chemical and biological weapons, has demonstrated a stern resistance to eyewash, and the Security Council seems to be tiring of Mr. Hussein's antics. Coercive diplomacy has its limits -- it didn't budge Mr. Hussein from Kuwait a decade ago. But it is well worth trying. ------ At the private school, there was little resistance from parents over yoga classes. But yoga classes for sixth through ninth grade were canceled because of lack of interest. ------ ''Although it is laudable in the abstract to impose the death penalty consistently,'' he said, ''the danger is that may not be taking sufficient account of the resistance in a particular locale toward the death penalty or the specific facts that might weigh against the death penalty in a particular case.'' ------ But this program encountered resistance almost from the beginning. Digging themselves out of the ruins, most Germans disclaimed any personal responsibility for the crimes of the Nazis, if they acknowledged them at all. Indeed, they viewed themselves as victims and their treatment by the Allies as unjust. As Frei notes, ''the overwhelming majority of West Germans were clearly in favor of . . . forgetting everything having to do with Nazism.'' ------ Frei delineates the considerations behind these policies from the perspective of the government and the political parties. Excluding hundreds of thousands of former Nazis and Nazi sympathizers would have deprived the new state of necessary skills and produced potentially dangerous levels of discontent. Offering people the chance to wipe out the past and start anew was a way of gaining their allegiance to the new system. International realities also motivated Adenauer; he faced public resistance to the treaties with the Western allies at a time when the Soviets still held out hope of reunification in exchange for German neutrality. ------ Some families choose a time and place with a special meaning, say, the old homestead and the birthday of the family patriarch or matriarch. Others take the path of least resistance, for instance a holiday weekend at a location convenient to the largest number of relatives. Others pass the baton: one year on the East Coast, another on the West Coast, or one year with one side of the family, the next with the other side. ------ Ms. Levine-Troupp said she encountered no resistance among Christian pastors, though the local Catholic churches put off their participation in the program until next winter ''because their holiday schedules were already booked.'' ------ The Huntington area's Conservative Jewish synagogues also agreed to participate. But resistance remains among Orthodox Jewish congregations. ------ ''Japanese Phoenix'' is a follow-up to Mr. Katz's ''Japan: The System That Soured,'' (M. E. Sharpe), published in the financial crisis of 1998. Sadly, much of Japan's story is unchanged: more promises to reform, followed by half measures and resistance. Deflation, meanwhile, has deepened and the national debt has exploded. China and South Korea have stolen Japan's momentum. ------ For now, a senior prince said, Crown Prince Abdullah, the day-to-day ruler since King Fahd fell ill in 1995, has overcome resistance with the admonition, ''Isn't it better if I do this now before I have to do it later?'' ------ Some elements, like a $1.2 billion stadium over the West Side rail yards, have already generated resistance from local residents, business executives and politicians. ------ Foreign oil companies have long lobbied the Russian government to adopt a set of laws and regulations called a production sharing agreement that they say they believe would protect their investments better than what is now on the books. So far, progress on the new rules has moved at a glacial pace, largely because of resistance by crucial politicians as well as by many Russian oil companies themselves, which do not want foreigners on their turf. Today's deal appears to be an admission, at least by one company, that it if plans to work in Russia, it will probably have to do so on the Russian companies' terms -- at least for now. ------ Mr. Greenspan's opinions today will probably not be enough on their own to block Mr. Bush's general plan for a new round of tax cuts. But many analysts said crucial elements of the tax plan were already in trouble with moderate Republicans, and they predicted that the Fed chairman's testimony would add to the resistance. ------ '' 'Brundibar' was very popular in the camp because people liked to see the children sing,'' said Ela Stein Weissberger, 72, of Tappan, N.Y., who sang the Cat in all 55 Theresienstadt performances and is to join the actor Eli Wallach in a prologue written for the performances this weekend. ''And the 'Victory Song' that ends the opera was very strong. We always had to repeat it many times. It was part of our resistance against the Germans. That's what we were feeling.'' ------ Mr. Netanyahu connected the Belgian court decision to resistance by several European nations, including Belgium, to a possible American-led war against Iraq. He said that the stress of the campaign against terrorism was revealing weaknesses in European alliances first exposed by the end of the cold war. ------ Both proposals face resistance here. ------ ''It's a neighborhood-based resistance,'' said Nick Licata of Seattle. ''We have 1,000 people with antiwar signs on the street, and 50 different community groups organized against war.'' ------ A more immediate and easier task will be improving the side-impact resistance of cars and changing the heights of sport utility vehicles and pickups to make them more compatible with cars. Regulators say that in collisions involving S.U.V.'s or pickups, impact forces are centralized at a point four to eight inches higher than that of cars. Dr. Runge has said he wants to close that gap. ------ What those politics might be, exactly, is hard to say, though the question arises in light of the apparently carefree spirit of Mr. McGinley's pictures. The artist seems to understand this: his inclusion of a shot of a friend, speeding away from ground zero on a bike, his mouth covered by his shirt, carries a jolt of reality-check surprise. However the work develops, it is refreshing to encounter, as we seem to, artists operating to some extent outside the mainstream of the art world itself, where volatile energies -- aesthetic and political -- are too often stroked into craftsy, resistance-free acceptability. It would be great if that process proved to be not all right with these kids. HOLLAND COTTER ------ Kay Hassan addresses it directly in collages made from negatives of the passbook photographs. So does Senzeni Marasela, whose images of Stompe Seipie, the schoolboy whose killing ignited anti-apartheid resistance, are printed on tea cloths. Zwelethu Mthethwa, best known for his portraits of black residents in their homes, here shows empty interiors, settings without sitters. Hentie van der Merwe, an artist who deserves further attention, retraces South Africa's military history through photographs of uniforms in a Johannesburg museum: a suit from the Anglo-Boer War looks like a headless skeleton; a World War II wet suit looms like a monster of a collective unconscious. ------ For Alex, not surprisingly, this unsettling account raises many questions. First, is it true? Did Alex's mother, who was Jewish, have a child by a member of the SS? If so, was her paramour a standard-issue Nazi thug or -- as William claims -- a gentle former pastor-in-training in Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Confessing Church and member of the resistance who had been forced into military service? And what should Alex make of William himself, an unsavory customer and self-described ''independent scholar'' who specializes in, of all things, Holocaust denial? ------ Among adult listeners, resistance to those machines is intense. Nearly a quarter-century after hip-hop first penetrated the mainstream, it remains the most divisive music in the history of American pop; if the adult charts are any indication, older listeners are becoming more entrenched in nostalgia. The biggest commercial surprise of 2001 was the soundtrack to the film ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?,'' a collection of rural blues, bluegrass and gospel that sold millions and won the album-of-the-year Grammy. It is a great record, but one is tempted to read a subtext in this latest revival of homespun folk: scorn for the musical present. ------ None of this means bioweapons are not dangerous. But in actual use, biological agents often harm less than expected, partly for the simple evolutionary reason that people have immune systems that fight pathogens. Also, as overall public health keeps improving, resistance to bioagents continues to increase. ------ But inside the West Point visitors' center, Nick Johnson, a lawyer from West Virginia, was looking at a memorial poster of the twin towers. He said that although international resistance to war gives him pause, he feels that America needs to attack. ''If we bring home the troops and don't do anything, we'd look like cowards,'' he said. ------ ''We expect some resistance from the Republican Guard,'' a Defense Department official said. ''From the regular army, we expect very little.'' ------ But Dr. Abdel Aziz Rantisi, a leader of Hamas, said that in the event of a war in Iraq, ''we will escalate the resistance.'' He called the attack a ''response to Zionist enemy crimes'' and said the bomb was ''a new weapon that will be used to stop the enemy in any incursion into Gaza.'' ------ Attacks on soldiers and settlers in the West Bank and Gaza remain overwhelmingly popular among Palestinians, who view this violence as legitimate resistance to occupation. ------ said they expect that a new mission for the Plum Island laboratory is likely once it is transferred to the Department of Homeland Security. Mrs. Clinton said they were meeting resistance in trying to learn the details. Mrs. Clinton said it was unusual that Plum Island was the only Agriculture Department laboratory to be shifted to Homeland Security. ''It strikes me that this is a facility that some in the government may have other plans for, and we will do everything we can to prevent that,'' she told reporters after the meeting. The transfer decision, she said, ''certainly leads back to the White House.'' ------ Dr. Jacobs said it was possible for bacteria to develop resistance to topical agents when they are used repeatedly, for example by someone who carries staphylococcus bacteria in the nose and applies antibiotic cream over and over. But this is a rare problem, Dr. Jacobs emphasized. ------ Tens of thousands of Palestinians poured into the streets of Gaza City today for funerals of the six Hamas men. Proclaiming their unified opposition to Israel and to any cease-fire, armed members of all the major Palestinian militant factions joined in the funerals. One masked man, a member of Islamic Jihad, rejected as useless the cease-fire talks that are under way between Israel and Yasir Arafat, the Palestinian leader. ''Only resistance and jihad can bring us back our rights,'' he said. ''What was taken by force will only be returned by force.'' ------ That phrase was rejected by Germany, which, together with France, has stood at the forefront of European resistance to the Bush administration's plans to disarm Iraq through force if necessary. ------ NASA's other stated purpose in farming out technical and manufacturing work was to improve the capabilities of American industry, Dr. McCurdy said. But the move met immediate resistance from the NASA engineers and scientists who continued their string of successes by putting John Glenn into orbit in 1962 and ramping up for the Apollo manned space program. ------ The deadlock threatens the Bush administration with another potential setback in its strategy on Iraq, which came under intense resistance last week during a meeting of the United Nations Security Council. Bush administration officials have been pressing Turkey for months to open up its military bases for an attack across Iraq's northern border, which they contend could shorten a war with Iraq and reduce casualties. ------ The end of apartheid was stirring and in retrospect seems to have been inevitable, but ''Amandla!'' reminds us just how harsh and tenacious the system was, in part by interviewing some of its enforcers as well as its victims. Soon after the elections of 1948, the National Party enacted a series of cruel and humiliating laws that codified and deepened the racial injustice that already existed in the country. In response the African National Congress initiated a campaign of nonviolent resistance, which was met with government repression culminating in the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960. The early 60's were a period of ferocious oppression during which many activists were jailed, killed or driven into exile. ------ The sprightliness of that song's music and the anger of its lyrics capture as well as anything the spirit of black South African resistance. And this spirit -- resilient, at times bitter, finally unstoppable -- shows up in different forms at different moments. ------ The night's most memorable moment came from Galway Kinnell, who began with some remarks on the state of the nation. When he declared, ''We are the resistance,'' the audience gave him a standing ovation. ''But that wasn't my poem,'' he protested, half-joking. ''I just wanted to read this poem about giving my son Fergus milk in the middle of the night.'' ------ Unhappily, most visitors miss the best of Bawlmer eating. Taking the line of least resistance, they stop at the unfortunate mass feederies along the north side of the Inner Harbor, or at commercialized, gentrified crab houses like Obrycki's, or in Little Italy. Marty Katz, a Baltimore photographer and food critic who took the pictures that accompany this article, dismisses the copycat restaurants in that neighborhood as ''our versions of Mamma Leone's.'' ------ Which brings us back to the hypothetical pop song attacking George Bush. The odds against such a song reaching the air are steep from the outset, given a conservative corporate structure that controls thousands of stations. Record executives who know the lay of land take the path of least resistance when deciding where to spend their promotional money. This flight to sameness and superficiality is narrowing the range of what Americans hear on the radio -- and killing popular music. ------ From there, Miami (14-9, 6-6) showed little resistance. UConn's lead was 37-29 by halftime, and it scored the second half's first 11 points. ------ A number of experts said, however, that Turkey's new government, under Prime Minister Abdullah Gul, needs most of all to demonstrate at home that it is working to avert war and protect Turkey's financial exposure to the costs of military action, which were enormous during the Persian Gulf war. For that reason, despite White House pessimism, there was a sense that Turkey's resistance to Bush administration entreaties could be reversed. ------ ''A lot of us are talking to them and urging them to think clearly about the consequences'' of unrelenting opposition to a resolution because any American decision to go to war without United Nations approval will be attributed to French resistance that has attracted Chinese, Russian and German support. ------ Still, Lord Robertson defended his efforts to force a decision and acknowledged that he had written a letter to NATO heads of state warning them that the credibility of the alliance was at risk. He insisted that the alliance had weathered the storm because it ultimately did decide -- by dint of maneuvering the decision to a diplomatic forum that excluded France, and overcoming first German and then Belgian resistance -- to help protect Turkey in the event of a war with Iraq. ------ He added: ''Stop resistance? Stop resistance for what? The Authority is not able to offer us anything yet.'' ------ Some Fatah leaders argue that Palestinian attacks should be confined to soldiers and settlers in the territories, believing that such violence would be supported abroad as legitimate resistance to occupation. Israel makes no distinction between attacks on its citizens on either side of the 1967 boundaries, calling all Palestinian violence terrorism. ------ Yet even at the peak of his influence, Mr. Harbi was always an outsider in the F.L.N. The seeds of rebellion were planted in him by his iconoclastic father, Brahimi Harbi, and by his French high school teacher, an anti-Stalinist Marxist named Pierre Souyri who had fought in the resistance. Under Mr. Souyri's tutelage, Mr. Harbi rejected the Islam-inflected populism common to most Algerian nationalists in favor of libertarian socialism. ------ With the blessing of Crown Prince Abdullah, Saudi Arabia began negotiations four years years ago with three oil consortiums to develop several large natural gas fields. Many oil companies jumped at the chance, because they thought it might be the first step to winning contracts someday to work on Saudi Arabia's huge reserves. Yet despite the high-level backing, the talks have slowed to a glacial pace, largely because of the resistance of the Saudi state oil company, industry experts say. ------ President Chirac appeared to continue his political tug-of-war with the United States over more than just Iraq. He seemed to be referring to Washington when he said his economic proposals regarding Africa could meet with some resistance. ------ When Mr. Bigelow arrived at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1946, the idea of Dr. von Neumann's computer was meeting stiff resistance from the institute's pure theoreticians. ------ Another thing that strikes you when you revisit the first gulf war is that much of what we anticipate with such confidence today will turn out to be wrong. Both the dire foreboding and the high hopes of Desert Storm proved exaggerated. The victory was not so difficult. Nor did it plant freedom in the Middle East -- as the abandoned Kurdish resistance, the miserable inmates of Iraq and those yet-to-be-democratized Kuwaitis can all testify. ------ As the nations prepare to join the European Union, neither foreign investment nor political integration are going smoothly. In Poland, an unbridled enthusiasm for the United States is setting the tone. For eastern Germans, an uncomfortable union with the West is expressed in resistance to the American model that drives business there. ------ Poland, the largest and most economically promising of the 10 countries set to join the European Union, is unapologetic about its enthusiastic American allegiance and its vocal resistance to the current quest by two traditional European powers, France and Germany, to establish their political independence from the United States. ------ Turning the snooping technology on Americans would not be difficult, if political circumstances made it seem necessary. Right now, there would be fierce resistance to this, but the debate could swing radically to the other side if the government showed that intercepting e-mail could deter terrorists from communicating with one another. Already, says Barry Steinhardt, director of the A.C.L.U. program on technology and liberty, authorities have been demanding records from Internet providers and public libraries about what books people are taking out and what Web sites they're looking at. ------ But the resistance to repression goes back even further than the 19th century. Expression as healing and, consequently, repression as damaging can be found as far back as the second century, when the physician and writer Galen extended Hippocrates's theory that the body is a balance of four critical humors: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood. Disease, especially emotional disease, Galen suggested, is the result of an internal imbalance among these humors, and healing takes place when the physician can drain the body, and soul, of its excess liquid weight. Toward this end, purging, emetics and leeches were used. Wellness was catharsis; catharsis was expression. It's easy to see our current-day talking cures and trauma cures as Galenic spinoffs, notions so deeply rooted in Western culture that to abandon them would be to abandon, in some senses, the philosophical foundations on which medicine and religion rest. ------ Her current stance against war in Iraq may well mask the extent to which she has become, though not in the usual sense of the term, a leading cultural conservative. In the mid-60's, she was the prophetess of a ''new sensibility'' that would demolish the boundaries between high and low culture, between irony and seriousness, between pleasure and thought. But though her prophecy was accurate, she became a sort of reverse Cassandra, lamenting the vulgarity and nihilism of the new sensibility and retreating into high culture and historical fiction. Even as her early criticism anticipates every academic trend from Cultural Studies to Queer Theory, she has been resolute in her resistance to everything postmodern, insisting on standards, morals and distinctions and the authority of art, experience and truth. ------ Not all the resolutions will make it to a vote. For example, the S.E.C. has consistently allowed companies to omit resolutions that would let shareholders list their candidates for directors in the proxy. The state and municipal employees union nonetheless proposed six resolutions asking for exactly that -- at AOL Time Warner, Bank of New York, Citigroup, Kodak, Exxon Mobil and Sears, Roebuck. But Mr. Zucker acknowledged that it is facing ''huge corporate resistance'' to that. ------ Although France and Germany have stood at the forefront of European resistance to the Bush administration's position on Iraq, 13 East European countries have expressed support for the United States. They include Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, already accepted by the European Union as future members, and 10 others, most of them candidates for membership. ------ Saddam Hussein, meanwhile, has been skillful at providing the pretense of progress to international inspectors without seriously cooperating. Iraq has drawn the United Nations into a game of find the handkerchief, in which the burden is on the inspectors to track down mobile laboratories or sniff out hidden weapons. All this puts an enormous weight on what Iraqi behavior Hans Blix, the chief U.N. inspector, chooses to stress -- whether he dwells on Iraqi resistance or points to areas of cooperation. In the United Nations, the equivalent of a C-minus for effort on a Blix report can be taken as an argument for peace, while a D-plus can be seen as a call to war. The inspectors should never be put in the position of deciding international foreign policy. ------ But the debut has not been seamless. Mr. Bush's economic plan, particularly his proposal to eliminate income taxes on stock dividends, met immediate resistance from Republican moderates in the Senate, who have not backed off. ------ But calls from Athens for additional commitments from the European Union have met with resistance in Brussels and other Western European capitals, where some policy makers still question the decision last year to let 10 countries -- mostly former Communist states -- join the European Union in 2004. ------ But ''Sixteen Wounded,'' set in 1990-95, suffers dramaturgical gaps. After saving the life of Mahmude, a Jew-hating Arab, Hans, an Auschwitz survivor, takes on the hostile young man as an apprentice in his bakery in Amsterdam. The embittered Mahmude's resistance is more understandable than his sudden change-of-heart when he is distracted by a pretty cashier, Nora. ------ He said there was little resistance to changing the corporate name because ''the corporation did not have its own identity. The holding company had the same name and logo as the tobacco companies. People did not understand the structure of our organization.'' ------ But Mr. Maynor's true love are the performances he creates in honor of his heroes. Last week, he appeared at the Kala Ghoda arts festival in Mumbai, India, with ''Gandhi-King: Aspects of Aggression,'' a tribute with songs by various composers, and excerpts from the two men's speeches. The program recalled Gandhi and King's message of love and nonviolent resistance to oppression. ------ In pursuit of energy, the administration has also opened the way to increased oil and gas exploration on public lands, particularly in Colorado and Utah. It has sought to do the same in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, known as ANWR, a proposal that has met fierce political resistance and that Congress has declined to approve. ------ Earlier this week, the Iranian resistance group asserted that research and testing on centrifuge technology was being carried out at a front company near Tehran called the Kola Electric Company. Iran says the company is a watch factory. ------ Many people here regard Mr. Barzani as a resistance hero, the embodiment of a surname synonymous with the Kurdish autonomy struggle, which Mr. Sourchi himself supports. ------ During the decades of dictatorial rule before Kurds broke free of Mr. Hussein in an uprising after the Persian Gulf war in 1991, many Kurdish tribes served the Baghdad government. They formed military units, known as jash, which sometimes fought other Kurds, including the Bazarnis, who led much of the Kurdish resistance to Baghdad. One of the jash tribes was the Sourchis. ------ In a gesture of reconciliation after the uprising in 1991, when Mr. Hussein's army withdrew from northern Iraq, the Kurdish resistance granted amnesty to most jash, including the Sourchis, who controlled a network of villages along a strategic road through Iraq's northern mountains. ------ ''There is enormous resistance to these exonerations,'' Mr. Scheck said. ''That raises, frankly, a serious ethical question. A prosecutor's duty is to justice, not to convictions. Is it about holding onto victory? Is it about the fear of having made a mistake?'' ------ Virtually all Americans have eaten food containing soybeans or corn containing bacterial genes that make plants resistant to herbicides or insects. But while that resistance is important to farmers, it has been trivial so far for consumers. As far as scientists can tell, the foods taste the same and are neither more healthful nor more dangerous than conventional crops. ------ Fuzeon is being aimed at the estimated 30 to 40 percent of patients with viruses that have become resistant to the current drugs. AIDS scientists estimate that H.I.V. can mutate one billion ways within 24 hours in one infected patient. Up to 78 percent of existing patients in North America and Europe are believed to have already developed resistance to one or more anti-H.I.V. drug. ------ DNA has already been used to modify crops, building bacterial genes for countering insects into corn and cotton, and adding genes from daffodils and bacteria to help rice make vitamin A. But the artificial mingling of genes from different species makes some people uncomfortable, and genetically modified crops have encountered resistance, especially in Europe. ------ There is hardly a family in my country that has not lost a loved one. Many families were entirely wiped out during the decades of occupation by Indonesia and the war of resistance against it. The United States and other Western nations contributed to this tragedy. Some bear a direct responsibility because they helped Indonesia by providing military aid. Others were accomplices through indifference and silence. But all redeemed themselves. In 1999, a global peacekeeping force helped East Timor secure its independence and protect its people. It is now a free nation. ------ That bid, however, has recently encountered resistance from the federal Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, which scrutinizes transactions that involve large amounts of foreign investment, according to people involved in the lobbying effort on the deal for Global Crossing. ------ James A. Courter, IDT's chief executive and a former Republican congressman from New Jersey, said yesterday that he had confirmed that there was resistance to the deal in Washington ''both inside and outside the Department of Defense.'' Concern over the Asian offer is related to China's control of Hong Kong, where Hutchison is based, he said. ------ There were other indications today of resistance to the prospect of American troops using Turkey as a base against Iraq. Bulent Arinc, the speaker of the Parliament, said he preferred waiting for a second United Nations resolution. ------ To increase the explosive strength of her legs, Hnida has been lifting weights, jumping on and off of wooden boxes and performing resistance exercises with rubber-band devices. She is also working to elevate her kicks. College rules prohibit using tees on field goals. ------ Monsanto is banking on genetically modified crops to reduce its dependence on its mainstay Roundup herbicide, which is now facing generic competition. The company's profits have been weak because of the competition for Roundup, economic problems in Latin America and resistance to genetically modified crops in some areas of the world, particularly Europe. The company's stock fell 7 cents, to $16.75. ------ The final count was five, hardly the bonanza that some team members expected. In fact, some volunteers seemed a bit disappointed, their once strong sense of purpose deflated. One member, Nick DellaCave, began smoking and staring off at the river. Another man chatted about the new seawall on his house in Marine Park. The women -- Michaela Soyer, Emily Ford and Nazli Parvizi -- were making small talk, and the reporters were thinking up fallback story angles. It was 3 a.m. and a light snow was beginning to fall. Mr. DiStefano's suggestion to wrap it up an hour early encountered no resistance. ------ It was regarded here as nearly the perfect insult to Kurdish sensibilities. Iraq's Kurds are proud of their armed resistance to Mr. Hussein and distrustful of the Turkish military, which has fought a long war against Turkey's own Kurdish minority. ------ David Gunn, Amtrak's president since last May, has gained a great deal of credibility on Capitol Hill for taking on the railroad's notorious inefficiencies. Still, his assessment that Amtrak will need $2 billion or so a year if it is to repair and properly care for its deteriorating assets will meet with much resistance. ------ Nor have schools encountered much resistance to another kind of security technology that is beginning to make its way onto the premises: identity cards with two-dimensional bar codes containing information that can include photos, fingerprints, personal information and iris scans. ------ The American military has a special, unhappy place in the history of Jolo. When the military arrives in the weeks to come, it will be following in its own footsteps. It was here that the fiercest battles were fought a century ago to subdue Muslim resistance after the Spanish-American War when Spain ceded its former colony to the United States. ------ Gary Keith, president of regional operations for the National Fire Protection Association, a nonprofit research group, said fire-safety inspections consist of a relatively standard checklist, and that seeing insulating foam on the walls of a nightclub would raise concerns about its flame resistance. ------ Growing up in Lebanon, the son of university teachers, Mr. Abou Jahjah said he joined the Hezbollah resistance against Israel. ''I had some military training, I'm still very proud of that,'' he said. In 1991, at age 19, he left. ''I wanted to go abroad like a lot of Lebanese young people.'' He said he was accepted at the University of Michigan, but because of the Persian Gulf war, he did not get an American visa. He tried France, then Belgium, where he applied for political asylum. ------ The Hutchison group and numerous lobbyists hired by Global Crossing, including the international advisory firm Kissinger McLarty Associates, have repeatedly sought to assure members of the committee that Global Crossing would operate without meddling from Beijing, but these efforts have done little to ease resistance within the committee. ------ The purchase agreement for the Asian companies to buy Global Crossing out of bankruptcy set the end of April as a deadline for regulatory approval, a factor which could complicate the transaction. Hutchison and Singapore Technologies have agreed to buy Global Crossing out of bankruptcy for $250 million. That agreement might have to be redrawn if regulatory resistance persists. ------ Mr. Fredericks's technique was to walk into an office, engage people in conversation, then remove his gun and demand money or jewelry, Lieutenant Reilly said. ''He looks for places where he gets the least resistance,'' he added. ------ Berlin is now a new city, full of young people who quite rightly feel no direct responsibility for the atrocities committed by others in a now distant past. They are more prone to remember with pride their 30-year resistance to the East German Communist regime sheltering itself behind the hideous wall it built in 1961. The structure cut off about a third of the city and led to the slaughter of more than 200 would-be fugitives. A few segments remain as a reminder, as does Checkpoint Charlie, an adjacent museum and, most eloquently, a row of white crosses where some of the victims were gunned down. ------ This thinking took hold of Makiya during the Iran-Iraq war. He left his father's London architectural practice when Mohamed Makiya began to receive commissions from Saddam to rebuild Baghdad in monumental fashion; he threw himself into the research for ''Republic of Fear.'' It changed him from a revolutionary Marxist to a liberal democrat. He began to think outside the dominant lines of Middle Eastern ideologies: rather than an anti-imperialist resistance leader, he became a dissident in the Eastern European way, diagnosing the pathology of homegrown tyranny. ''It wasn't the United States, it was Iraqis and Iranians who were bleeding themselves to death,'' he told me. ''This sense that the malaise was principally in my world, and not principally in the United States, was the seismic shift in my politics.'' ------ Are there any drawbacks? The ride quality is a tad harsh. The big tires also put up a fight against the road and the wind; between rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag and eight thirsty cylinders, the FX45 manages an E.P.A. fuel economy rating of only 15 in town, 19 on the highway (The FX35 is rated 16/22.) Both engines require premium fuel. ------ Because so many more people are going hungry, their resistance to disease is weakened and the incidence of illness has risen. Hospitals and clinics are finding themselves lacking the money to buy medicine, replace and maintain equipment, and even pay their own employees. ------ Oddly, he went to Chowan College in North Carolina in the 1980's, studying engineering. But he is believed to have been radicalized by the cause of the Afghan rebels fighting the Soviet Army, and he eventually went to the Pakistani border city of Peshawar, the hub of the resistance movement. ------ But the plan would first have to overcome die-hard resistance from Atlantic City casinos and their South Jersey champions in the Legislature, who maintain that the state Constitution allows casino-style gambling only in Atlantic City. ------ ''The Enlightenment premise that everything is getting better -- that was really challenged by World War I and World War II and the Holocaust, when people said, 'This is what Western civilization has amounted to,' '' Professor Young said. ''Now there's more resistance to the redemptive premise.'' ------ Ms. Priestly's ''Strange Fruit'' series, named after the powerful anti-lynching song made famous by Billie Holiday, is devoted to documents and images of slavery, as well as resistance, rebellion and the abolitionist movement. Neatly arranged in rows, like the contents of a well-stocked larder, pictures of identical jars are stenciled with diagrams of ships packed tight with human cargo, posters advertising slave auctions, bills of sale and other grisly evidence of the diabolical harvest. ------ When he was sent home on convalescent leave, he immediately joined the Buffalo draft resistance movement, and he has been active in veterans' and anti-war causes ever since. ------ He said there was also a kind of hands-off attitude about leftist resistance groups that had opposed the junta. ''These were heroes,'' the official said. ------ During the Second World War, Mr. Lacroix went on, his mother was a girl of 16 living in occupied Arles. To signal her own resistance, she incorporated a fragment of color from the forbidden French flag in her clothes every day. ''A little bit of blue, red or white in each outfit,'' Mr. Lacroix said, adding that if there was anything that decades in the design world had taught him, it was that symbols, however small, can sometimes surprise you with their weight. ------ The explosion in costs can be traced to a variety of factors, not the least of which has been the state's commitment to expand health care coverage even during times of fiscal stress. But a series of proposals to roll back the growth has already set off a wail of resistance among hospital and nursing home operators, public hospital officials and health care policy experts, who wonder if the era of New York's primacy as a health care provider to the poor is over. ------ That was not the case in the first quarter, when the Knicks missed 10 straight shots in a 4-for-19 start while the Timberwolves built a 31-14 lead. Wally Szczerbiak, from Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., scored 11 of his team-high 26 points in the quarter on 5-for-7 shooting, and the Knicks offered so little defensive resistance that they were called for only one personal foul. ------ East Timor's experience demonstrates that if the people in a country are actively opposing an oppressive regime, war can bring about peace. We see no such widespread, grass-roots resistance in Iraq. ------ He said he was concerned that if lynxes were in the forests, there would be a resistance to thinning timber. ''Last summer we had the worst fire season in Colorado history,'' he said. ''Those fires destroyed tourism and wiped out homes.'' ------ In the 50 years since this pioneering study, scientists and engineers have learned to harness nonlinear systems, making use of their capacity for self-organization. Lasers, now used everywhere from eye surgery to checkout scanners, rely on trillions of atoms emitting light waves in unison. Superconductors transmit electrical current without resistance, the byproduct of billions of pairs of electrons marching in lock step. The resulting technology has spawned the world's most sensitive detectors, used by doctors to pinpoint diseased tissues in the brains of epileptics without the need for invasive surgery, and by geologists to locate oil buried deep underground. ------ In New York City, the resistance to intrusive, even abusive, gadgetry is being waged on several fronts, from A.T.M.'s that mysteriously wipe out bank accounts to cellphones that disrupt public performances. ------ ''I am allowed to use all means in my possession'' in interrogating a suspect, a senior Moroccan intelligence official said in an interview. ''You have to fight all his resistance at all levels and show him that he is wrong, that his ideology is wrong and is not connected to religion. We break them, yes. And when they are weakened, they realize that they are wrong.'' ------ Now, public health groups like the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids are lobbying Congress for a $16 billion buyout for tobacco farmers in exchange for the farmers' support of the regulation of cigarettes by the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, efforts at local and state levels to curb smoking are encountering less and less resistance. ------ Fried oysters and clams have tons of oyster and clam flavor, but thick, greasy breading does them in. The clam chowder, New England style, has a good, concentrated clam flavor, but the broth, rather than being creamy and smooth, shows the telltale dimples that are the equivalent of cellulite in soup. The potatoes are overcooked, offering no resistance to the bite. A potentially thrilling lobster roll encounters a major roadblock in the form of the Oyster Bar's jicama slaw, so sweet it qualifies as candy. ------ ''We've planned this for over two years, and in fact it was started even before I arrived here,'' said the center's president, Michael M. Kaiser, explaining how the country that is the Bush administration's bête noir for its resistance to war with Iraq came to have such a prominent berth. ''But you know, I believe art brings people together, and I can't imagine that we won't want to honor the art of France, and Germany for that matter.'' ------ But Ms. Rehnquist's poor standing in Congress had undermined her effectiveness, officials there said. In January, Mr. Baucus privately notified the White House that he would give Ms. Rehnquist two months to resign. Faced with her resistance, he had planned to issue a public call on Thursday, officials said. ------ Administration officials know they face resistance from Democrats as well as some moderate Senate Republicans to Mr. Bush's ''jobs and growth'' package of tax cuts. The main fight is over the plan's proposal to eliminate taxes on most stock dividends, a provision that the administration estimates would cost the Treasury about $385 billion over 10 years. ------ Such woeful evidence has become commonplace across the nation as rage mounts in local parishes and criminal authorities resolve to delve into the scandal. But rather than exhibiting the fullest possible cooperation, major dioceses are continuing hardball resistance. ------ To investigate the geography of dangerous snow, including where it is and how it changes, the research group will use a penetrometer. The device pushes through the snowpack, taking detailed readings of resistance that are recorded on a laptop for analysis. ------ ''A motor drives the probe down,'' he explained, and a sensor at the tip measures how much resistance it takes to get the probe through the varying layers of snow. The device makes about 250 measurements per millimeter, he said. ''We take the data back and analyze what the signal off the tip is telling us about how strong or weak layers are within the snow pack.'' ------ America's apparent push toward war met further resistance among Muslim nations today. An acrimonious gathering of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, marked by shouting and insults between the Iraqi and Kuwaiti delegates, ended with a resolution rejecting any armed strike against Iraq. ------ The native Kenyans, especially the saintly Owuor (Sidede Onyulo), who becomes the loyal family cook, fit a little too snugly into a stock National Geographic stereotype of gentle, noble tribespeople living harmoniously with nature and viewing the European arrivals with an affectionate amusement. Kenya was a British colony until 1963, but the movie conveys not the tiniest hint of resistance to European colonialism. ------ Inspired by the art of Africa and the Pacific Islands, which he began studying in Dresden's ethnographic museum in 1910, Kirchner made sculptures that are fully equal to his extraordinary prints and drawings and the best of his paintings. They may actually have an emotional completeness and interiority that exceeds his figurative work in other mediums, with the exception of some woodblocks, notably the monumental portrait ''Henry van de Velde as Architect'' (1917). The material resistance of wood may have slowed him down as little else did. ------ Surely all faiths that subscribe to the just-war tradition with its attendant last-resort requirement would be satisfied if such intrusive inspections either located illegal weapons of mass destruction or sparked resistance by force. Then, war would be just. ------ Their goal, the army said, was the home of Abed al-Karim Ziada, identified by Israel as a top Hamas terrorist. The army said its soldiers had met fierce resistance, and gun battles raged through the night. Palestinian officials said three Palestinians -- two gunmen and a night watchman -- had been killed. ------ As for the revenue-raising proposals being pushed by some labor leaders, Ms. Stoll said that no one should underestimate the governor's resistance to tax increases. ------ Ms. Sideek, 35, a Harvard graduate, former political prisoner and leading government minister, is an unlikely voice of protest here. She and other Kurdish officials insist that resistance to the Turks be nonviolent. But she says the explanation for it is simple: decades of bitter interactions with the Turkish military. ''They are very arrogant, very misbehaved, very brutal and very cruel,'' Ms. Sideek said. ------ There is no shortage of theories, ranging from corruption to incompetence. There is also the sense that after the fall of the American-backed military dictatorship that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974, the country was reluctant to crack down on left-wing organizations that had battled the junta. November 17 was among them. It took its name from a 1973 student protest that was violently crushed by tanks, and it carried on the spirit of resistance and anti-Americanism with proclamations rich in Marxist-Leninist bombast. The first victim was Richard Welch, the Athens station chief for the C.I.A., in December 1975. The last was Brig. Stephen Saunders, a British military attaché assassinated on his way to work in Athens on June 8, 2000. ------ But there remains great resistance and some resentment of the way the United States has presented its case. ''To be a superpower is not to say what you want to do and expect others to accept it, willingly or no,'' said one Council diplomat. ''To be a superpower is to be a leader, not a dictator.'' ------ The attacks on settlers and soldiers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, which Israel occupied in the 1967 war, are widely viewed by Palestinians as legitimate resistance. Israel calls such attacks terrorism, making no distinction between them and attacks on its citizens in pre-1967 Israel. ------ The State Department, whose decades-old resistance to security measures resulted in embarrassing lapses that involved spies and the thefts of documents, has noticeably stepped up security. Entrances are fortresslike. Employees complain that their cars are searched before entering the underground garage. ------ As they drifted into the restaurant this afternoon and learned about his protest, some of his customers voiced support, while many said they had no gripe with the French or their resistance to an American-led war. ------ 5. Heat the remaining 1 tablespoon peanut oil in a nonstick 10-inch skillet over medium-high heat until it shimmers. Add the bass fillets, skin side down, and move the fillets gently to prevent sticking. Reduce heat to medium and cook until the skin is crisp, about 2 minutes. Turn over and cook until a sharp knife meets almost no resistance, 1 to 2 minutes, and fish is browned slightly. Do not overcook! ------ Instead of the glib claim that Vietnam was never more than an endless ''conspiracy'' perpetrated to win presidential elections, why not expose us to the real anxieties that propelled the war and to the rival agonies of its sponsors and opponents? Instead of a brief glimpse of Ellsberg holding a book about Gandhi, why not include the beautiful Indian woman whose eloquence lured Ellsberg into militant, self-sacrificing resistance? Instead of some fictional Times editor shouting non sequiturs about the First Amendment, why not dramatize the concern and controversy surrounding the decision to publish the papers and the torment of the judges who let the publication proceed? ------ In 1978, Ms. Givon showed Legae's infamous ''Chicken'' drawings that represented the murder of Stephen Biko through pictures of poultry. ''A clever reporter got hold of the story, so the cops arrived and asked, 'Where are the Biko drawings?' '' Ms. Givon recalled. ''I said: 'I don't know what you are talking about. We only have drawings of chickens.' '' The series is now considered an essential example of resistance art and is featured at the South African National Gallery. ------ Along with some members of the executive committee and leaders of the labor union, he protested when Nissan executives told him to consider a foreign buyer. Japanese managers from J. P. Morgan overcame the resistance by explaining that they had no plans to fire workers and would not tinker with the day-to-day running of the company. They acknowledged that they had to pay their own investors a profit but said that they were in no hurry to do so. Instead, they wanted to map long-term strategies. ------ Mr. Bush may welcome the idea of an Iraq more democratic than Saddam Hussein's despotic regime, but his administration bemoaned the democratic vote of Turkey's Parliament to deny American troops access to Turkish soil, and the resistance of democracies in ''old Europe'' to a march to war. The president would doubtless blanch at plebiscites that installed Islamic fundamentalists in Saudi Arabia or Egypt, or a Palestinian democracy that kept Yasir Arafat in power. ------ In his news conference, Commissioner Kelley chastised the banks for their outmoded equipment and for choosing customer friendliness over tougher precautions. That may be so, but another pattern to the robberies has been that even banks that have bulletproof Lexan plastic sheeting between the tellers and customers offer no resistance when a note-wielder claims to have a gun or a bomb. ------ The sense here was that the strong resistance by France, Russia and Germany to the use of force against Iraq revealed a growing consensus that put the United States and Britain on the defensive. ------ ''I am allowed to use all means in my possession,'' a senior Moroccan intelligence official said. ''You have to fight all his resistance at all levels and show him that he is wrong, that his ideology is wrong and is not connected to religion. We break them, yes.'' ------ Although President Bush may or may not get the chance to name a new Supreme Court justice this year, he is busy trying to fill 25 federal appeals court vacancies, including 3 on the Fourth Circuit, with the backing of a newly Republican Senate. He already has 16 nominees waiting for confirmation. And despite the occasional Democratic filibuster, he appears poised to transform the federal judiciary -- which includes 179 appeals judges at full strength -- back into an overwhelmingly conservative bench. In 12 years between them, Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush established a Republican majority on every appeals court. Clinton, facing stiff resistance from an opposition Senate for six of his eight years, pushed that back somewhat so that Bush inherited a Republican majority on 8 of the 13 appellate courts, with 3 more poised to swing Republican through his appointments. And those appointments, because they are for life, could reverberate for generations. Judge H. Emory Widener Jr. of the Fourth Circuit, who is 79, was named by Richard Nixon 31 years ago. ------ China's elites ''face growing pressure and resistance -- strikes, collective petitions, explosions and acts of violence,'' said Kang Xiaoguang, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. ''All this public discontent threatens security and stability and may force concessions.'' ------ As with H.I.V., hepatitis C virus mutates rapidly and is likely to develop resistance to drugs, so combinations of drugs will probably be needed. ''No one really knows what it's going to take for the antiviral effect to outrun the resistance effect,'' said Dr. Nathaniel Brown, vice president for hepatitis clinical research at Idenix Pharmaceuticals. ------ The Dodgers offered little resistance today, as Cone needed only 19 pitches, 12 of them strikes. ------ The shootings all occurred in the morning, and in each case the gunman shot his victim in the head and took little or no money. Also in each case, the police say, the gunman has killed even though he encountered little or no resistance from his targets. ------ Although President Bush may or may not get the chance to name a new Supreme Court justice this year, he is busy trying to fill 25 federal appeals court vacancies, including 3 on the Fourth Circuit, with the backing of a newly Republican Senate. He already has 16 nominees waiting for confirmation. And despite the occasional Democratic filibuster, he appears poised to transform the federal judiciary -- which includes 179 appeals judges at full strength -- back into an overwhelmingly conservative bench. In 12 years between them, Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush established a Republican majority on every appeals court. Clinton, facing stiff resistance from an opposition Senate for six of his eight years, pushed that back somewhat so that Bush inherited a Republican majority on 8 of the 13 appellate courts, with 3 more poised to swing Republican through his appointments. And those appointments, because they are for life, could reverberate for generations. Judge H. Emory Widener Jr. of the Fourth Circuit, who is 79, was named by Richard Nixon 31 years ago. ------ American officials have been trying to broker a deal between the two sides, but the date of a planned meeting in Turkey has not been set, Kurdish officials said. Kurdish officials and residents have said they would accept Turkish troops if they enter Iraq as part of an American-led coalition and leave when American forces do. But if the Turks come on their own, the Kurds say, they will meet popular resistance. ------ The United States and Britain have been trying to win Security Council approval for giving Iraq a March 17 deadline to disarm or face war. They face stiff resistance, and yesterday, Britain set out a list of conditions for Iraqi disarmament, hoping to gain support. ------ He was captured by the Germans, escaped, and shuttled precariously to Sweden and Britain and back to Norway on reconnaissance missions. He joined the Company Linge, a unit of Norwegian exiles who distinguished themselves gathering intelligence, organizing the resistance and sabotage. ------ Despite anticipating resistance at MTV, Not in Our Name and its allies decided to try to make a commercial for the channel. ------ Mr. McGurn said her comment seemed to reflect a change in Nasdaq's thinking. ''That is not what they suggested to the S.E.C.,'' he said. ''I applaud them if they are changing their interpretation, but that has been a point of resistance.'' ------ In perhaps the most striking example of his approach, Dr. Frist summoned every Republican senator late last month to a midnight demonstration of resistance on the Senate floor. Mr. Lott said he objected to the session and the weeks of debate that preceded it as a waste of time. He said Dr. Frist should have pressed for an accommodation with the Democrats and moved on. ------ The Kassem episode raises questions about the war at hand. In the last half century, regime change in Iraq has been accompanied by bloody reprisals. How fierce, then, may be the resistance of hundreds of officers, scientists and others identified with Saddam Hussein's long rule? Why should they believe America and its latest Iraqi clients will act more wisely, or less vengefully, now than in the past? ------ France and Germany have also found that their resistance to war with Iraq has not been shared by several neighbors, including Britain, Spain, Poland and Romania. ------ Iran claims that it has no nuclear weapons ambitions and that its nuclear programs are for civilian energy needs. Given the country's oil and gas riches and its resistance to strengthened safeguards, there are good reasons to think otherwise. ------ The world has turned its back on the Kurds more times than I can count, and there are signs that we're planning to betray them again. The U.S. was so desperate to bribe Turkey into our coalition that it was willing to allow tens of thousands of Turkish troops into Iraq's Kurdish areas. And we still seem ready to acquiesce in this. The Turks, having broken the back of Kurdish resistance within their borders, plan to expand their efforts and ''disarm'' Iraq's Kurds to block their control of oil fields. ------ AT one point in the show, Ms. Hammad talks about the killing of young Palestinians by Israeli rubber bullets. Her politics become more evident in her dressing room, where a photograph of a dead uncle is tucked in a mirror. She says he was part of the Palestinian resistance when, at age 18, he was gunned down by Israeli soldiers in Beirut during the civil war there. ''He's the ancestor who is looking out for me on stage,'' she says. A scarf that resembles the Palestinian flag hangs on the wall. ------ The United States, the United Nations and leading international groups have built up an impressive track record in the disarmament and demobilization of local militias in other countries. In Kosovo, a carefully developed if imperfectly run program led to the surrender of tens of thousands of weapons, the demobilization of the bulk of the Kosovo Liberation Army resistance fighters, and the transformation of the rest into a civil defense force that could at least be monitored. Meanwhile, an international police force maintained order and helped train graduates of the Kosovo police academy. ------ Remember Afghanistan? We trained an Afghan resistance to get rid of the Russians and reaped 9/11. ------ Even in defeat Khrushchev proved dangerous to them -- perhaps, in the end, more dangerous than ever. For his demise demonstrated to a young and up-and-coming Mikhail Gorbachev, along with his liberal alter ego, Aleksandr Yakovlev, a key lesson of Soviet (and Russian) history: liberalizations from above are subverted by the resistance of functionaries (and the liberalizer-in-chief is inevitably overthrown in a palace coup) unless a project of liberty is protected by an alliance with the Russian people, who, like any other people, thirst for truth, justice, dignity and trust. ------ Yummy's parents now make their living selling seeds. Momoko breeds exotic flowers and vegetables and peddles their seeds by mail to fellow enthusiasts. Lloyd handles the marketing with an impassioned catalog extolling the glories of biological diversity (''Mrs. Fuller and I believe, firstly, that anti-exoticism is Anti-Life: 'God giveth it a body as it hath pleased him, and to every seed his own body' [I Corinthians 15:38]''). Her parents are in decline. He's dying, she has Alzheimer's, and the two of them are cared for by Yummy's childhood best friend, Cass, who still lives next door. Cass is grown up now, and married to a potato farmer named Will. Will thinks this year he might try Cynaco's NuLife enhanced potatoes, which have pest resistance genetically engineered right into them. ------ In McCourt's huge success Foster finds reader-pleasing sentiment and easy stereotypes beneath a sophisticated veneer. He argues that Adams, who, Foster writes, has crossed from belief in armed intransigence into political compromise, has nevertheless made his memoir the old heroic story of oppression and resistance, with little hint of the evolution promised in his present public role. So then, Foster wonders: if ''pragmatics'' fails, what is there in Adams's writing that puts his former endorsement of armed struggle any farther beyond use than those guns the I.R.A. is believed still to retain? ------ On an issue as polarized as race, such resistance to being pigeonholed is refreshing. And in places McWhorter delivers. In an essay titled ''The 'Can You Find the Stereotype?' Game,'' he deftly mocks analysts who, despite the profusion of black shows on television, continue to insist that the media provide a ''misleading'' picture of black America. Almost every black portrayal since 1970, no matter how engaging, he complains, is dismissed as a stereotype. Thus, ''all large, nurturing black women'' are ''Mammies,'' and any prickly black male is an ''Angry Black Man.'' ------ The casino rueda class at Equinox Fitness Clubs (212-750-4900) revives the vigorous art of Cuban square dancing, in which couples exchange partners throughout each number; the class dances to the tunes of Santana, Tito Puente and Marc Anthony. In Partner Yoga, a monthly class offered at the Sports Center at Chelsea Piers (212-336-6000), students take turns using their partner's body weight to deepen and accentuate their own downward dog and other traditional yoga postures. And Stretch, a new yoga and Pilates studio on West 26th Street (212-366-1003), is holding a one-hour contortion class. The twist is this: pairs and trios of, say, would-be Cirque du Soleil performers use one another's bodies for balance, alignment, resistance and strength training, all in an effort to increase flexibility (and perhaps encourage a new level of friendship). JENNIFER LAING ------ One of the speakers, Vincent Simeone, the assistant director of Planting Fields Arboretum in Oyster Bay, N.Y., talked about the old-fashioned shrubs that our grandmothers used to grow, which are coming back into vogue with improvements like disease resistance and longer-blooming flowers. ------ ''This is the kind of tree that the British used to build the world's greatest fleet of ships back in the 17th and 18th century,'' Mr. Cohn said, as he climbed the tree, waxing grandiloquent about the denseness of its wood and its resistance to disease. ------ The retired officer said he would find a weapon and fight, not out of personal loyalty to Mr. Hussein, of whom he was severely critical, but because his yearning for an Iraq free of political repression was outweighed by his sense of patriotic indignation at the prospect of an American general supplanting Mr. Hussein. The officer's wife, alarmed, said she would lock all the doors of the house, as well as the windows, and prevent her husband from leaving, because joining armed resistance to the American forces would be to invite death in a hopeless cause. ------ Earlier in the day, thousands of singing and dancing civilians ransacked Mr. Patassé's lavish private residence, shouting ''Patassé out!'' as the rebels watched. The insurgents also occupied his official residence and offices in the capital, Bangui. The shooting diminished as dusk fell. It was unclear how much resistance the insurgents faced or whether there were any casualties. ------ One of the speakers, Vincent Simeone, the assistant director of Planting Fields Arboretum in Oyster Bay, N.Y., talked about the old-fashioned shrubs that our grandmothers used to grow, which are coming back into vogue with improvements like disease resistance and longer-blooming flowers. ------ One of the speakers, Vincent Simeone, the assistant director of Planting Fields Arboretum in Oyster Bay, N.Y., talked about the old-fashioned shrubs that our grandmothers used to grow, which are coming back into vogue with improvements like disease resistance and longer-blooming flowers. ------ One of the speakers, Vincent Simeone, the assistant director of Planting Fields Arboretum in Oyster Bay, N.Y., talked about the old-fashioned shrubs that our grandmothers used to grow, which are coming back into vogue with improvements like disease resistance and longer-blooming flowers. ------ Luge is not only a stranger to most Americans. It also differs from its better known cousin, the bobsled, another Olympic sport in which athletes on sleds rocket down an icy course strewn with dangerous turns. On the bobsled, sliders hunch forward and see the course ahead of them, but lugers lie on their backs feet forward on the sled. Each lifting of a head to view the course raises wind resistance and costs precious hundredths of a second. ------ What that means, in the idiom of the conflict, is that Fatah leaders like Mr. Horani support attacks against soldiers and settlers in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, regarding such violence as resistance under international law. But they oppose attacks in the area of pre-1967 Israel. ------ Trenches surrounding Baghdad are being filled with oil, which could be set on fire to obscure battlefield targets. But the tactic, reminiscent of an old movie about holding off army ants invading a plantation, seems primitive in an age of satellite-guided missiles. American commanders speak confidently of a quick, decisive victory and of anticipating meager resistance from Iraqi troops who, they say, have no hope on the battlefield. ROBERT D. McFADDEN ------ Even now, Ms. Ritvo said, the idea meets resistance, adding: ''It is perfectly easy to keep cats inside. But people haven't processed that.'' ------ Plague, brought to the New World by Spaniards, had by then left the land in turmoil, and in 1532 the Spanish conquered Peru with little resistance. The few Incan holdouts, including the last emperor, capitulated in 1572 at a tropical valley refuge that bore no resemblance in Spanish descriptions to Machu Picchu. So much for another of Bingham's suppositions. ------ Many said Mr. McGreevey was attempting to kill the legislation by raising the resistance of thousands of local officeholders. And while most legislators publicly extol campaign finance reform, many observers question whether a majority has any intention of restricting donations from the vendors that pour money into their campaigns. ------ Israel accused Mr. Khader of financing and directing attacks on Israelis. In several interviews over the last year, Mr. Khader described himself as a purely political leader, saying he opposed Palestinian violence outside the West Bank and Gaza Strip. But he has said that he, like most Palestinians, supports attacks on Israelis soldiers and settlers in the Palestinian areas, regarding that as legitimate resistance. Israel considers all such violence terrorism. ------ When the last defense minister, Rudolf Scharping, tried to do that a year ago, he met such stiff resistance from workers' unions that he promised that for the next 10 years the military would not lay off any civilians -- many of whom, a Defense Ministry spokesman noted, lack the skills to work in the private sector. ------ Anti-war Europeans have seen the inspections as a process by which Iraqi resistance to disarmament could gradually be worn down and an exact determination made of which weapons Iraq possesses. ------ The lawsuit, one of the biggest in federal history, was initiated in 1999 by President Bill Clinton and Attorney General Janet Reno. Mr. Ashcroft, who opposed the lawsuit when he was in the Senate, has demonstrated occasional resistance to it since becoming attorney general in 2001. Months after he took office, he moved to curtail financing for the legal team working on the case, and he said he wanted to try to reach a settlement because he was concerned the case was too weak for trial. ------ Grimly, the British envoy, Sir Jeremy Greenstock, told a crush of reporters in a basement corridor, ''We have had to conclude that Council consensus will not be possible'' in line with the resolution passed unanimously in November. With that statement, the possibility of a second resolution supporting the use of force evaporated, defeated by French resistance. ------ Some military planners suspect that if there is an invasion, the most serious threat to the health and safety of the United States forces could come from such accidents, particularly if the Iraqi military does not offer much resistance. General Freakley said the American commanders must protect their own forces with ''situational awareness,'' keeping track of where people are and ensuring that any orders to fire are preceded by a positive identification of the target. ------ ''We hope that the war will not take place, thanks be to God, because we do not need to test the courage and resistance of our people,'' he was reported to have said. ------ The government, too, seems to recognize that war won't work. It is clear that without a peace a Sinhalese-dominated army will always face resistance in the Tigers' stronghold, the north and east; that the Tigers and their sympathizers will always be able to disrupt the rest of Sri Lanka; and that the death toll of an all-out war will not be internationally acceptable. For these reasons the government of Ranil Wickremesinghe seems committed to peace through negotiations. ------ The 75,000 people who signed the resistance pledge agreed to put their ''bodies on the line'' and not to resist arrest. Mr. Clark sent word to them that their protest would begin with an e-mail message on Monday when Mr. Bush's speech to the nation was announced. ------ On land, many Army commanders expect little resistance across the Iraq-Kuwait border, followed by an increasingly fierce defense as American-led forces approach Baghdad, which is surrounded by well-trained Republican Guard divisions most loyal to Mr. Hussein. ------ The American plans to eliminate illegal Iraqi arms were drawn up independently of United Nations weapons inspections and reflect the Bush administration's belief that those inspections would never succeed in disarming Iraq in the face of Mr. Hussein's resistance. The inspectors withdrew from Iraq today after Secretary General Kofi Annan ordered their evacuation. ------ One might think that in pursuing his artistic agenda, Mr. Bollinger would encounter resistance from those who felt left out. A law professor himself, publicly devoted to issues of free speech and tolerance, he hastens to stress that expanding the arts will not preclude fund-raising and reforms in other parts of the university. ------ Iraq also still seems to rely on ''wet'' versions of biological agents like anthrax, which lose effectiveness in sunlight and in hot weather. The story will be very different, however, if Iraq has developed anthrax in the form of dry micropowders that are coated for wide dissemination and resistance to the sun, and that have been re-sized to increase their infectiveness. ------ ''In dealing with bad companies, companies that have massive resistance to reform, litigation may be the only way to get them to change,'' Mr. Silvers said. ''But it's kind of a blunt instrument and it's not suited to every situation.'' ------ At nightfall on Wednesday, those bunkers were suddenly manned for the first time, mostly by men with no other armament than Kalashnikov rifles, providing resistance to internal uprisings but no challenge to American air power. ------ Farther north, the charred shell of an Iraqi command post continued to burn early this morning, casting an eerie glow through the silver, sand-screened moonlight. As the first of some 20,000 soldiers from the Third Division poured across the border, Iraqi resistance was light. ------ The marines' attack began with 155-millimeter howitzer fire at 6:25 p.m. as dozens of Super Cobra helicopter gunships rattled toward their targets. The artillery barrage was aimed at the Iraqi Army's 51st Mechanized Division, which held the border area where the marines were planning to cross. Initial reports described the Iraqi resistance as light. ------ British and American marines had seized the Iraqi border town and port of Umm Qasr south of Basra, Western reporters said. Iraqi television denied that the city had fallen, but an Egyptian journalist, Ashraf Fuad, reached by telephone late Thursday, said he had seen allied forces entering the town under light resistance. ------ Military officials reported light resistance in the opening hours of combat. Two crew members of an AH-64 Apache helicopter were injured when the craft crash landed in northern Kuwait. And six crew members of a MH-53 Pave Low special operations helicopter were uninjured when their craft went down in Iraq on Wednesday night. ------ Such racism and resistance have not stopped Ms. Ortega, who is part of a new Congress with three times as many indigenous lawmakers as the last one. Nor have they deterred a growing number of other leaders from forgotten classes across Latin America who are promising a political and economic upheaval. ------ Lately, oil markets have focused almost exclusively on Iraq, with prices falling as American and British forces advance with little resistance. The price of oil for May delivery fell $1.21, or 4.3 percent, to $26.91 a barrel at the end of trading today on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The near-month oil contract had not closed that low since Dec. 4. ------ The commandos used shotguns and crowbars to break through metal doors, surprising guards who appeared to be preparing for bed. They faced no resistance and took more than 40 Iraqi prisoners from the two sites. ------ Despite resistance by a bloc of Democrats, many Democrats who had opposed the initial resolution to give the president authority for military action against Iraq voted for the resolution, including the minority leader, Representative Nancy Pelosi of California. House Democrats tried to alter language that linked the Iraq attack to the global antiterrorism effort, among other points, but that provision was included. ------ ''I should warn that our forces will face resistance and that the campaign, necessarily, will not achieve all its objectives overnight,'' he said. ------ Dr. Barham Salih, prime minister of the eastern Kurdish zone, said meanwhile that dozens of members of the Kurdish underground in Kirkuk, which he said has been planning resistance and an uprising against Mr. Hussein's ruling Baath Party, had been rounded up and executed by Mr. Hussein's security forces. ------ The absence of regular communications from the Iraqi leadership may help explain why military resistance has so far been scattered and uncoordinated in the face of the United States-led offensive. ''There has been a real decline in the communications from the leadership,'' one American official said. ''There appears to be a state of confusion and disarray in the Iraqi regime, but it is hard to quantify right now.'' ------ The American and British commanders that led their troops over the border here overnight said they had faced almost no organized resistance. Marines here said today that so many Iraqi soldiers were surrendering that in many cases, they simply took their guns and sent them home. Iraqi men walking the streets in Safwan today confirmed that, saying entire units broke apart as the American approached. ------ ''What this does is open up opportunities to exploit your offensive maneuver,'' said Maj. Gen. J. D Thurman, the chief operations officer at the land command, referring to tonight's airstrikes. ''That allows you to maintain the tempo of the operation. There are resistance pockets all over. This continues to weaken their command and control.'' ------ There was another sharp battle at a pumping station in the oil fields in which dug-in Iraqi troops fought with machine guns and small arms and a marine second lieutenant was killed. Otherwise, Marine officers described resistance as light, with increasing numbers of Iraqi soldiers surrendering. ------ In general, it was only weak units of the Iraqi Army that remained in the southern part of the country, and American and British forces are expected to meet far stiffer resistance as they move north toward Baghdad. ------ Objectively, only hardened loyalists could imagine that Iraq's depleted armed forces would offer much resistance. But Mr. Hussein has built such an apparatus of enforcement that any challenge by Iraqis has seemed improbable. To this has been added the apparent propensity of officials to believe only what the Stalinist system here wants them to believe, and to do only what Mr. Hussein ordains. Ordinary people here whispered as the week progressed that they were ready for the war, and even welcomed it, as long as it was short, and civilian casualties were limited. Today, as the bombers approached, these whispers became more daring. ''What, what, what?'' one man said, pointing surreptitiously toward the sky and winking. His meaning, unambiguously, was that he was tired of waiting for Iraq's new era to begin. But these Iraqis, too, continued to be frozen in fear of government retribution. ------ They did all this in Chiapas, in Zapatista territory, still the homeland of the last truly fashionable revolution -- a place to find heroes, if you want that sort of hero. The fact echoes through Taibo's story, the horrors of what the ''domestic Nazis'' did to the local peasants, the heroic resistance of one musketeer metamorphosed into the guerrilla known as the Golden Iguana. It is never said out loud and never underlined, but it gives unavoidable resonance to the Iguana's war, which ''was eternal.'' ------ The once powerful moderate faction in the G.O.P. has dwindled, but still, there are four Northeastern senators -- Chafee, Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania, Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins, both from Maine -- who meet weekly to discuss issues and strategy over lunch or breakfast. Combined with a bloc of like-minded Democratic centrists and Jeffords, this small caucus does have enough influence in a split Senate to broker compromises on major legislation; the G.O.P. centrists helped scale back Bush's initial tax cut, and more recently, they helped end an impasse over rules for the new Homeland Security Department. Still, the moderate resistance has often crumbled under pressure from the White House. Specter, Snowe and Collins have all voted with Bush when it mattered most. ------ With this grand project Mr. Conlon seeks to redress a double evil: the physical extermination of a generation of Jewish composers and a half century of neglect of their music. When European concert life was reconstituted after the war, their personal syntheses of the styles of Mahler, Berg, Weill and Janacek were forgotten. In the late 1950's, the fragmented and depersonalized style of works like Luigi Nono's ''Canto Sospeso'' was deemed to be the correct musical image of the horrors of the war. But the composers whose music Mr. Conlon is championing wrote from the very eye of the storm, in some cases from within the Theresienstadt concentration camp itself, and responded to unspeakable conditions with resistance, compassion and, at times, heartbreaking humor. ------ Theresienstadt was a site of musical resistance and musical exploitation, where terms like art and horror, victims and heroes lost their accustomed meanings. Concerts, organized under the odd rubric ''leisure-time activity,'' presented old and new music, chamber music, cabaret and even opera: most notably, Krasa's children's opera, ''Brundibar.'' But performers never knew their audience, because thousands were constantly being brought into the camp and then shipped out to their deaths. ------ They look like barns or churches over water, but covered bridges of course had a practical purpose, their shingled roofs shielding the floor from rain and preventing it from rotting. Side windows reduced wind resistance and provided light and ventilation. Covered bridges generally lasted five times longer than open wooden spans, according to the bridge society. ------ The bill is expected to face tough resistance, because giving subsidies to pharmaceutical companies may be unpopular amid the public outcry over rising drug prices. The Bush administration has not announced support of it, emphasizing Project BioShield. The BioShield legislation should pass easily. A Senate committee on Wednesday approved it unanimously. ------ Mr. Briguet considered taking out a newspaper advertisement to highlight how a boycott would also hurt American citizens, including himself. But he was met with resistance. ''I called up La Caravelle, I called up La Côte Basque, but nobody wants to do anything,'' he said. ''They were afraid it would backfire.'' ------ One strategy, direct rule, had a strong military component; another, indirect rule, relied on local collaborators. Direct rule, which was more likely to be oppressive, usually created a focus for resistance, and even terrorism. It was also costly. ------ Stephen Labaton wrote in The Times on Friday that Mr. Perle was advising the Pentagon on war even as he was retained by Global Crossing, the bankrupt telecommunications company, to help overcome Pentagon resistance to its proposed sale to a joint venture involving a Hong Kong billionaire. ------ The arrival of such troops, he warned, might set off clashes between Kurds and the Turkish Army. ''There will be resistance,'' he said. ------ Different slices began to emerge as coalition troops drew closer to the capital, meeting resistance, and the allied casualties mounted; in Baghdad, camera crews were able to film wounded Iraqis and rubble after a second night of intense bombing. But in the opening moments of the war, 24-hour cable news shows and network newscasts seemed almost drunk with their access, filling television screens with astonishing images. The mushroom clouds rising from bombed government buildings in Baghdad were shown over and over, as were the tableaus of a marine tearing down a poster of Saddam Hussein surrounded by a handful of cheering Iraqi villagers.. ------ Somewhat surprisingly, most city leaders have not shown resistance -- at least in public. ''Mr. Primas is welcome here,'' said Angel Fuentes, president of the city council. ''We share one city. We all have one vision.'' ------ ''We're hoping the resistance crumbles like a rotten apple,'' said Capt. Andrew Bergen, standing at a checkpoint on the road leading into Zubayr. ------ A second Iraqi division, the 11th Mechanized Infantry, appeared to have collapsed and surrendered after putting up initial resistance in the battle to take the main highway bridge at Nasiriya, military officials said. About 300 prisoners were taken, officials said. Nasiriya itself was bypassed as it became clear that the allies were not interested in battles for towns or cities that can be avoided on the road to Baghdad. The allies intensely focused on speed. ------ Officials say that while coordination among city agencies is somewhat improved, a major weakness remains: there is no formal ''incident command,'' a uniform system for putting a single agency in charge at an emergency, depending on the type of incident, so that agencies do not fall to squabbling or working at cross purposes. Proposed policies over the years have met with resistance from the Police and Fire Departments, each unwilling to cede control. ------ If American and British troops face relatively light resistance on their drive towards Baghdad, markets worldwide could continue to gain, strategists said. The DAX index of German stocks, which has fallen even further than the S.& P. 500 during the bear market that began in 2000, could see a sharp turn higher, said David Abramson, managing editor at BCA Research. Mr. Abramson predicted that the DAX could rise as high as 4,000, a gain of nearly 50 percent from its close Friday of 2,715.06. ''The DAX is unloved and an excellent play on oil and euro weakness,'' Mr. Abramson wrote in a note to investors. ------ By this evening, as reports came in of fighting in and around Nasiriya, where vital bridges span the Euphrates River, and of stiffening resistance by some Iraqi units, the mood had turned much grimmer. ------ In another indication of stiffening local resistance, a Marine officer returned here late tonight with a harrowing tale of a drive through a village near Basra in which two Marine Humvees were ambushed with rocket-propelled grenades, AK-47 assault rifles and light machine guns as they drove into town. ------ What they have left behind here is a kind of benign military occupation, with a minimum number of American and British troops in place to hold on to the gains and quell the last pockets of Iraqi resistance. ------ A Marine colonel said during the repeated clashes at Nasiriya that the resistance had been far heavier than his units had expected. But neither General Franks nor his deputy, Lt. Gen. John Abizaid, who gave briefings today following the fighting near Nasiriya and elswhere, was willing to concede that any American troop units had encountered anything surprising. ------ ''I'm the kind of person who is concerned about all the things and difficulties and problems that can occur,'' he said, sounding somewhat more measured than in recent days, ''and we have spent a great deal of time thinking about them, analyzing them, preparing for them. There is a possibility that as the coalition forces move from the south and from the north and from the west that the degree of resistance could increase.'' ------ The trend is affecting not only New York. The Miami Indian tribe of Oklahoma is negotiating to put a casino in Gary, Ind., within easy reach of the Chicago area's 8.4 million residents. Some Canadian tribes have also tried to lay claim to casino land in the United States, but they have been rebuffed, and the Delaware tribe of western Oklahoma has been trying for years to overcome New Jersey's resistance to the tribe's plans to open a casino on the Jersey Shore. ------ The Iraqi resistance was not restricted to the battlefield. Just as the Iraqi ''pockets of resistance'' seemed to come out of nowhere, so too did a new Iraqi propaganda push that played out in American living rooms. ------ Among reports of American combat casualties, MSNBC showed an interview with the Iraqi envoy to the United Nations, Mohammed Aldouri, who proclaimed: ''The resistance of the Iraqi people is there. The Iraqi people will fight for its sovereignty, its independence, for its survival.'' ------ Security restrictions imposed by American commanders prevent the reporting of precise locations of American forces. But by this evening, three days after first crossing the Iraqi border to the west of attacking American Marine and British forces, the Third Infantry Division had advanced roughly two-thirds of the way to Baghdad, where commanders expect to encounter strong resistance from Republican Guard divisions that are better equipped and considered more loyal to President Saddam Hussein than regular army units. ------ As a result, the Army's advance has left behind pockets of resistance, something that was evident today in fierce fighting in Nasiriya, in which a number of American marines were killed and others captured. ------ Despite suffering few casualties, the intensity of the resistance has surprised Third Division commanders. They had expected Iraq's regular army troops, most of them Shiite conscripts commanded by the politically dominant Sunnis of Iraq, to capitulate rather than fight. ------ The helicopters met virtually no resistance, flying far from centers of population. ------ Having secured and turned those installations over to American and British marines, the Navy Special Warfare units appear to be turning northward to assist in securing the region around Fao -- where British Royal Marines continued to fight stubborn pockets of Iraqi resistance today -- and to opening up Iraq's southern waterways to American ships. ------ At the same time, the administration continued to send a message to the Iraqi leadership, military and public that resistance is futile. ------ ''Tommy Franks put a plan in place that moved on those oil fields quickly, and at least in the south, they are secure,'' Mr. Bush said, referring to the military commander in charge of the campaign. ''Most of the south is now in coalition hands. Obviously there's pockets of resistance in a place like Basra.'' ------ By skipping over cities, American forces appeared to have left their flanks and rear areas exposed to counterattacks by ''martyrs of Saddam,'' irregulars under the command of Republican Guard officers dispatched by Baghdad to galvanize resistance and slow the advance of the American forces. ------ As the war entered its fifth day, events over the weekend appeared to have moved the war much closer to its climactic phase, the battle for Baghdad. With some American advance units passing the city of Najaf, about 100 miles south of Baghdad, tensions in the Iraqi leadership appeared to be rising, along with vows to meet the American troops with fierce resistance. ------ On a day when American forces suffered their worst casualties so far in fighting in the southern city of Nasiriya, the general asserted that ''the enemy, every time he has been surprised by our resistance, stops and swerves.'' ------ The picture that emerged from the general's briefing was one of Iraqi units putting up a far stiffer resistance than American commanders had expected, and denying the American troops' victories at strategic centers like Basra and Nasiriya. ------ First, having prepared yourself by noting all the exits, take the path of least resistance, not necessarily the one to the main exit. Second, if there is a fire, get underneath it, as both heat and smoke rise; try crouching, but not if everyone around you is running. ------ Exactly how the fish resist the effects of these poisons is not known. ''We're trying to figure that out,'' Dr. Elskus said, referring to the small network of scientists who do similar research. The resistance seems to have to do with the activity of an enzyme that breaks down pollutants, releasing damaging toxins. ------ There were fewer images thus far on American television of the painful costs of war. While much of the world from the Middle East to the Philippines had seen videotape of American prisoners of war, broadcasters here initially elected not to show these scenes, and the networks said they would probably never broadcast the full version of the tape. American television showed little tape of Iraqi civilians affected by the bombing of Baghdad and little of the sometimes fierce resistance American, British and Australian forces are meeting. ------ In the first few days of the war, the premium in oil prices had seemed to be vanishing -- dropping by Friday to under $27 a barrel from a peak of $39.99 during New York trading on Feb. 27. If that trend held, the war's indirect impact on the economy could be minimal, according to a study by William D. Nordhaus, a professor of economics at Yale. And yet, yesterday, as it appeared that Iraqi resistance might be stiffening, oil prices rose. ------ But one survivor of the massacre, Bhushan Lal, said a delegation of Pandit villagers had recently complained to the local district magistrate that their police guard had been reduced. Some witnesses today said the policemen who were guarding their homes offered no resistance. Either way they were quickly disarmed by the attackers. ------ But there is strong resistance to the proposal from some restaurant and bar owners and tobacco interests, who warn that such restrictions could devastate their businesses and potentially affect the state's tourist, entertainment, and night-life industries and infringe on the rights of smokers. ------ Earlier today, Defense Secretary Geoff Hoon also turned aside questions about whether the coalition plan had been diverted or delayed, and he dismissed reports that commanders had been caught by surprise and disheartened by the level of resistance. ------ For example, the war plan assumed that Iraqis would welcome us as liberators, even though every visitor to Iraq heard ordinary people warning that they would pull out their guns and take potshots at any invading Americans. The upshot of the ideological optimism was that we adopted not the full Powell doctrine of overwhelming force, but a blend with the Rumsfeld theory of smaller, more mobile and flexible forces. The optimists didn't factor in guerrilla resistance in rear areas; indeed, they blithely expected a lovefest in Basra. ------ Airlines do not publicly discuss how hijacking-resistance procedures have changed since 9/11, partly for security reasons, partly for considerations of potential legal liability and partly out of reluctance to draw any additional attention among already jittery passengers to the potential horror of more suicide hijackings. ------ Security professionals say the most effective way to thwart hijackers is to bolster the first lines of defense by installing foolproof airport security screening and reinforcing airplane cockpit doors. But these experts agree that if there is an onboard attack, physical resistance can work as a last resort. ------ A particularly severe humanitarian crisis is already developing in Basra, Iraq's second-largest city, whose largely Shiite population is hostile to the Hussein regime and was expected to welcome the invading troops. Iraqi forces there are offering resistance, and British and American troops have been unwilling to fight their way in at the risk of heavy civilian casualties. Now parts of the city have been without power or water for three days. It is hard to see how allied forces can mitigate the situation without fighting their way into the city. ------ The Iraqi mujahedeen are now inflicting very serious damage against the enemy, and as long as the enemy works to make it a short period so that they can get out of this quagmire, we are trying, and we will do our best, to make it last as long as possible and to lead the war to stay down on us until they are strangled, until they believe they are strangled under the horse's hoof of resistance. They are going to be defeated and terrified under our belief in God and by the resistance that has been bestowed on us by God Almighty on our land. . . . ------ Sawsan Shair, a renowned Bahraini columnist, is among the critics of Al Jazeera's presentation. She tunes into the pro-American Kuwait channel when she wants to drown out harsh reality -- ''everything is always O.K. -- the allies are going through smoothly, there is no resistance, the Iraqi government will fall down soon,'' she said. ''But if I want my blood pressure to go up, I watch Al Jazeera. They always insert their point of view.'' ------ In New York City, where voices opposing the war are more abundant than in the suburbs, people expressed little surprise that the invasion was facing stiff resistance from the Iraqis. ------ Military planners had hoped to secure the port at Umm Qasr quickly and get aid moving north almost immediately. But they have met stiffer resistance than they expected and said it was still too unsafe for relief workers. ------ Gen. Tommy R. Franks, the American who commands allied forces in the region, said today that only half the underwater mines had been cleared from the shipping channels and that allied soldiers continued to fight pockets of Iraqi resistance. ------ As American forces continue to encounter stubborn resistance in southern Iraq, hundreds, possibly thousands, of people are living in tents, caves, trucks and buses in northern Iraq with only enough supplies for a war they expected to last a few days. If the conflict drags on, meager stockpiles could be exhausted. ------ But Mr. Powell, speaking in an interview with Fox News, expressed satisfaction with the progress of the military campaign, and observed that the allies thus far had faced ''pockets of resistance'' and nothing more. ------ The quick end to the honeymoon is not without precedent. One week after the United States entered Afghanistan and encountered a surprising level of resistance, the word ''quagmire'' began to appear in news reports. But within a month, most of the military objectives had been achieved. ------ But on Sunday morning viewers were faced with a new reality, one that included reports of heavy Iraqi resistance, fierce firefights and pictures of dead and wounded American soldiers. And those images kept coming yesterday, along with urgent reports from the front line. ------ The Northwest Florida Daily News, which is in Fort Walton Beach, near both Eglin and Hurlburt Field Air Force Bases, used the banner headline ''Bombs pummel Baghdad'' on Saturday and ''Tightening the noose'' on Sunday. In Monday's paper, the tone had changed slightly -- ''Rising resistance'' was the dominant headline -- but there was no mention in the headlines of any prisoners or casualties. A sub-headline above an Associated Press article (''Troops locate chemical plant'') even offered cause for some optimism. ------ Mr. Aziz said he had been watching the war on the Western television channels available on the satellite systems available to the Iraqi elite but denied to ordinary people here. From those reports, he said, he had learned that British commanders had referred to the Iraqi units still holding out in the port city of Umm Qasr, just across the border from Kuwait, as ''pockets of resistance.'' He chuckled, then used the moment to sketch out how the Iraqis had held up American and British forces at Umm Qasr, Fao, Basra and Nasiriya -- and how they envisioned defending Baghdad. ------ ''The U.K. says 'pockets of resistance' -- yes, they are pockets, but very dangerous pockets for the enemy,'' he said. ''What is important is that they are there. What is not to be expected is that Iraqi officers will appear with their men in large columns in daylight so that they can easily be picked off by the American airplanes and helicopters. Yes, they fight in their own way. What is important is that they fire, they kill, they threaten the existence of the enemy.'' ------ Mr. Hussein, in his address, mentioned by name several officers who led the resistance in Umm Qasr. ''I would like you to remember their names by heart,'' he said. ------ ''If the leader of Iraq really is losing control, how can the resistance continue as it has the last few days?'' he said. ''Saddam Hussein is in full control of the country, of the armed forces, of the Iraqi people, of all the Iraqi resources, and of the Arab Baath Socialist Party -- and we other leaders are with him, we are in full control.'' ------ Pentagon officials said much of the resistance in southern Iraq was probably driven by fedayeen, a security force under the control of Mr. Hussein's son Uday that is trained to maintain order in peacetime and operate as a guerrilla army in war. ------ ''To tell you the truth, they've always been above the law -- they're Saddam's internal terror troops,'' a Pentagon official said. ''They have no role in post-Saddam Iraq. It's no wonder they're fighting to the death. Themselves, they are forming pockets of resistance. And they're going through residential areas finding deserters.'' ------ On Iraqi television today, Mr. Hussein exhorted the fedayeen to continue their attacks, saying: ''The Iraqi mujahedeen are now inflicting very serious damage against the enemy. And as long as the enemy works to make it a short period so that they can get out of this quagmire, we are trying, and we will do our best, to make it last as long as possible and to lead the war to stay down on us until they are strangled, until they believe they are strangled under the horse's hoof of resistance.'' ------ Khrushchev's fall from power was inevitable, for his increasingly erratic and authoritarian behavior maddened his associates and disorganized the Communist apparatus. His ouster was swift and met with no resistance. He spent his last years in retirement under conditions of house arrest. He felt deep guilt over the wrongs he had committed and looked forward to his death. There is something very Russian about this story of crime and self-inflicted punishment. ------ In the Fire Department, two of the toughest cuts that were scheduled to take effect this year have been postponed, at least for now: a plan to reduce the number of firefighters assigned to some engine companies, and a plan to close eight firehouses. After the plan met with resistance from the City Council, the firefighters' unions and the public, the administration agreed to form a commission with the Council and the department to study the issue. ------ As the members of the group took turns speaking, nearly everyone agreed that anxieties had spiked over the weekend, when Iraqi resistance intensified, allied casualties mounted and several American troops ended up in enemy hands. Debbie Husted, 28, whose sister, Specialist Heather Wright, leaves for the Persian Gulf next week, said the grainy images of the captured American soldiers, at least one of whom is a woman, made her feel sick. ''I can't believe my baby sister is going over there with that psycho Saddam Hussein,'' she said. ''It just terrifies me.'' ------ ''The administration had created the expectation that there would be significantly less resistance,'' said Senator Bob Graham, Democrat of Florida and former chairman of the intelligence panel. ''Whether they were doing that based on faulty intelligence or manipulated intelligence or whether it was just an error, I don't know.'' ------ Mr. Graham, a possible presidential candidate, said that the Pentagon had developed several war scenarios based on the level of Iraqi resistance and he believed that the fight being put up was probably at the highest level planned. ------ Many in the news industry are haunted by fears of misreporting the overall progress at an early stage. When fighting first became tough in Afghanistan in 2001, some journalists and pundits gave pessimistic assessments that seemed silly only days later, when the resistance to American forces quickly collapsed. ------ BRITISH ARMY IN BASRA -- British forces launched a series of commando raids and artillery attacks around the outskirts of Basra in advance of an attempt to seize control of the city from about 1,000 irregular Iraqi forces loyal to Saddam Hussein and recruited by his son. Such resistance from the fedayeen and other fanatical militia groups has forced allied commanders to adjust their war plans and neutralize the southern cities before making the final all-out assault on Baghdad. Military officials said the new plan would delay the battle for Baghdad for days, not weeks. ------ It's also hard to know why the Pentagon is surprised at Iraqi brutality, or at the failure of Iraqi ethnic groups, deserted by America after the last gulf war, to celebrate their ''liberation'' by the U.S., or by the hardened resistance of Saddam loyalists like the fedayeen, who have no escape hatch this time around. ------ British forces that had halted outside the city called in an air strike, which used a satellite-guided bomb to blast the local headquarters of Saddam Hussein's Baath Party. British troops were preparing to enter the city. Such a move may be a boon if it triggers popular resistance to the paramilitaries and opens the way for relief workers and humanitarian supplies to reach the city, where power and water have been cut for days. The big risk is that civilian casualties could provoke resentment against the invaders, as they clearly have in Nasiriya, another southern city where American marines have engaged in street-by-street fighting. ------ Many of these detainees are probably not legitimate P.O.W.'s. The Geneva Convention was written to protect national armies and popular resistance forces, not terrorist groups. But that is not a decision for the administration to make on its own. The convention stipulates that if the status of captives is disputed, they are entitled to some kind of due process hearing. No such hearings have been held. ------ If resistance is maintained by tens of thousands of fighters and citizens with small arms, rockets and grenades, how will we know when we have won? ------ The cause appeared to be the combination of unexpectedly fierce resistance around Basra, the lost convoy, and the effectiveness of the Republican Guard in warding off Apache attack helicopters with a curtain of small-arms fire. ------ First, American officials said Umm Qasr had fallen, while resistance clearly persisted; then, a marine briefly raised an American flag over the city, long enough for it to be filmed and shown repeatedly on Iraqi television. ------ But much more than that, they said, they feared what might befall Iraqis like themselves if, faced with continued stiff resistance by Mr. Hussein's troops, Mr. Bush did what his father did at the end of the Persian Gulf war in 1991, and decided that a settlement was preferable to a long and grisly campaign to topple Mr. Hussein. ------ In the neighborhoods of Baghdad, Iraqis have been observing for weeks the dispersal of those militias with strong personal loyalties to Mr. Hussein. Heavily armed, and often traveling in white pickup trucks, those men -- from the militia formations of the ruling Baath Party, from fanatical groups of fedayeen, or martyrs for God, who wear black coveralls and black face masks, and from the private armies of tribal leaders who have sworn fealty to Mr. Hussein -- are likely to be among the last groups to desert him, Iraqis say. For similar reasons, they have been the shock troops of the Iraqi leader's resistance, so far, to the American troops advancing from the south. ------ ''Unless you show some visible gains, people will be emboldened,'' Hoshyar Zebari, a senior official in the Kurdistan Democratic Party, said of the Baghdad government and its supporters. ''There will be more resistance.'' ------ But the resistance from the militia groups to the rear of the advancing allies has been so stiff that commanders have concluded that this Iraqi threat has to be addressed first. ------ In the south, where allied forces shifted their attention as they continued to meet strong resistance, British military officers reported the first signs of popular uprising in Basra, Iraq's second-largest city, as they fought Iraqi forces on the outskirts on Tuesday. ------ At the outset of their campaign in the south, the British military authorities had said Basra was not a military objective. But they abruptly changed strategy on Tuesday as allied forces continued to meet determined resistance in cities throughout southern Iraq, leaving supply lines vulnerable for troops farther north. ------ How should we counter Saddam's strategy of using killers in civilian clothes to enforce resistance, and his tactic of horrifying television viewers in the U.S. by inviting and inflicting civilian deaths? How do we overcome the terrorized Iraqi population's fear of an outcome in which Saddam again snatches survival and revival from the jaws of defeat? ------ If there was a common image summoned up by the protests and angry commentaries, it was of the United States as an imperial power intoxicated by its military supremacy but receiving a lesson in the price of arrogance by unexpected Iraqi resistance. ------ ''They have been disbanded,'' the new prime minister, Zoran Zivkovic, said in Belgrade at his first regular news conference since taking office last week. ''There has been no resistance.'' ------ General Blount said that he was surprised by the intensity of the Iraqi resistance and that it appeared, for now at least, that Mr. Hussein's government still maintained some control over its military. ------ The absence of a northern front -- long planned by American commanders but complicated by Turkey's refusal to accept allied ground troops on its soil -- has enabled Mr. Hussein to concentrate his forces in the south, where irregular fedayeen groups have put up stiff resistance. [Map, Page B16.] ------ That resistance continued today. Iraqi Republican Guard forces maneuvered south of Baghdad tonight in preparation for a confrontation with allied forces approaching the city, military officials said. ------ Today, however, the reckoning mentioned by the president appeared to draw no closer. Allied armies consolidated their positions in southern Iraq as resistance from Iraqi irregulars in their rear persisted. ------ People who said they had vigorously supported the move to war all along seemed unfazed by what others were calling setbacks. American casualties and revised battle plans were to be expected, and always had been, they said. And people who, from the start, had passionately opposed the war said the stronger-than-expected Iraqi resistance confirmed what they already knew: the war was wrong. ------ Mr. Kovacevich, who owns VisiNex Solutions, a computer company, said he saw the roots of these problems a week ago. The troop deployment seemed small, he said, particularly given the early signs of resistance south of Baghdad. ------ Iraq's generals have grown smarter since the first gulf war, when their fixed desert positions left them vulnerable to devastating bombardments. This time, the critical battles will be fought in the more populous Euphrates River valley, where the Republican Guard has hidden tanks and guns near civilian targets, forcing American planes to destroy them one by one. Allied war planners hope to degrade the strength of Republican Guard divisions from the air before the ground battle begins. If one or more Republican Guard divisions can be routed quickly, the way to Baghdad may be opened. But if the battle becomes protracted and many civilians are harmed, Iraq's resistance may stiffen, dragging out the campaign and arousing world opinion. Much rides on whether this speedy invasion force packs the punch to win rapidly. ------ Colonel Starnes said there was always the expectation of resistance in Nasiriya, since weeks ago, when the city's two bridges became part of the grand plan to move troops north toward Baghdad. ------ President Bush today met with British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Both deflected questions about allied forces encountering unanticipated delays and resistance. ------ American commanders expressed surprise at the level of resistance in a country where they expected to be greeted, if not with rose petals, at least with gratitude. ------ ''We were told when we were going through Nasiriya that we should see little or no resistance,'' Corporal Menard said. ''When we got in there, it was a whole different ballgame. They weren't rolling over like we thought they would.'' ------ But the Iraqis keep fighting. Their forces are made up of irregulars and, today, soldiers from Iraq's Republican Guard, evidently sent to bolster Najaf's resistance. ------ Indeed, one reason why the resistance is springing up in the south, behind the advancing American lines, may well be that large units of Baath Party loyalists may have been based there as enforcers, to keep the restive Shiite Muslims in line. ------ Crucial troops are on the way. Perhaps it was a mistake to begin the war without the Fourth Infantry Division or even the 101st Airborne Division fully in place, but it is a mistake from which the coalition will soon recover. The delays imposed by sandstorms and fedayeen militia resistance in the southeast may be a blessing in disguise, giving the Fourth, which had been waiting in the vain hope it could enter Iraq via Turkey, time to arrive in Kuwait. ------ Saddam Hussein can't cause lasting problems in the south. He can intimidate populations with his fedayeen, but that group is limited in size and ability, and it will not be able to convince most Iraqis to fight with it. Sustained resistance has come only from the elite forces and fedayeen, not Iraq's conscript army, which constitutes three-quarters of the country's total military strength. As for Basra, in a worst case it could pose a challenge similar to Baghdad, but it would be on a far smaller scale. ------ ''In tonight's arrest action, the leaders of this gang were giving armed resistance and the police had to use force,'' the statement said. ------ As the war has progressed, then, much of the Arab public has been pleasantly surprised and even thrilled to see American forces meeting strong resistance. ------ ''The resistance of Iraqi cities demolishes the image of an invincible Rambo,'' proclaimed a Moroccan daily newspaper, Al Ittihad al Ishtiraki today. ------ ''There may be pockets of resistance, but very few Iraqis are going to fight to defend Saddam Hussein,'' Mr. Perle said in February on ''Hardball with Chris Matthews'' on MSNBC. ------ But within a few days images of celebrating Iraqis often seemed out-numbered by images of Iraqis chanting Mr. Hussein's name, and American military commanders in the field acknowledged that they were surprised by Iraqi resistance. ------ They pointed to reports that officers loyal to Mr. Hussein may be coercing crowds to cheer him. And several said that more Iraqis might still celebrate the allied troops' arrival and that the Iraqi military's resistance could prove short lived. The news media, they said in interviews, have been losing sight of all of this. ------ The Army was experiencing similar problems. Some units were running low on food, fuel and water, and a top commander in the field said the Army had paused to allow security to be established and supplies to get through. The resistance has been far greater than the troops had been led to expect. ------ Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld warned, ''We're still closer to the beginning than we are to the end.'' Disturbingly, officials revealed that intelligence analysts had warned that the invasion would face stiff resistance from hard-core paramilitary units but that may have been overridden by the optimism of the Pentagon's political leadership. Now additional forces may have to be committed to secure the rear areas. ------ The resistance by so many in Iraq to their liberation should not be surprising. ------ Jabber's single-minded devotion to his increasingly marginal job is his way of engaging the complexities of the Palestinian predicament, but it is also a way of avoiding them. He exists in a melancholy state somewhere between resistance and resignation, going about his daily routine out of force of habit and as a way of warding off despair. Like his best friends, a mechanic and a cafe owner, Jabber loses himself in a series of logistical problems involving his equipment and his schedule. He has very little time for his wife, Sana (Areen Omary), who drives an ambulance and seems weighed down by anxiety and depression. ------ ''There is an organized pattern of resistance,'' Brig. Gen. John F. Kelly, assistant commander of the First Marine Division, said today of the attacks by Iraqi forces. ''Their determination is somewhat of a surprise to us all.'' He added: ''What we were really hoping was to just go through and everyone would wave flags and stuff.'' ------ The American commander, who supervised the battle but asked that he not be identified, summed up the first day of American fighting here. ''We expected stiffer resistance,'' he said. ------ Once Iraqi forces began to offer tougher resistance this week, the market began to climb. Ari Fleischer, the White House spokesman, said yesterday that the war in Iraq ''will take as long as necessary'' and that more American troops were on their way to the Persian Gulf. ------ How could those in power not have had sufficient intelligence to ascertain the level of resistance our forces might meet? How could we attack without this information? And how dare we act with self-righteous indignation when the Iraqis actually do defend their country? ------ The two marines recalled their battlefield experiences as American commanders halted one of the three main columns advancing toward Baghdad today. The commanders said a combination of tenacious Iraqi resistance and overexposed supply lines had prompted them to catch their breath. ------ The Marine force, strung out along the highway in the Iraqi desert about 100 miles south of Baghdad, has met steadily fiercer Iraqi resistance since it crossed the Euphrates River earlier this week. Soldiers fighting on the front lines near here said they had killed hundreds of Iraqi soldiers and irregulars this week. ------ ''We have run into some pretty stiff resistance here on the highway,'' said Col. Joe Dunford. ''It has slowed us a bit. We don't need to move as fast as we have over the past few days.'' ------ Still, the decision to halt represents another sign that American military planners had underestimated the breadth and ferocity of resistance that the Iraqis would offer, particularly in the cities the American-led forces had been hoping to bypass. ------ At an American camp along the highway here, soldiers returning from several days of fighting sketched a consistent picture of the Iraqi resistance, as well as the successes and failures they were having in confronting it. As the Americans pushed northward, they often encountered two types of fighters: large groups of Iraqis who appeared to be untrained and unmotivated, and who posed little threat, and others who fought furiously, even after the marines responded with overwhelming firepower. ------ With an invading force of already hung up in southern Iraq by unexpectedly fierce resistance, Mr. Hussein and his associates in the Baghdad leadership are certain to use any incident involving large numbers of civilian deaths to mobilize opinion against the war at home and abroad. ------ Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld popularized the phrase again to describe holdouts and ''dead-enders'' among the Taliban and Al Qaeda in Afghanistan -- but those pockets of resistance were systematically attacked, not ignored. ------ In the current war, Iraqi paramilitaries said to number 5,000 to 60,000 are attacking coalition troops and supply lines from their deep pockets of resistance in southern Iraqi cities. ------ The moral and tactical confusion that surrounds this type of warfare is enormous. It is also one reason that the Marine Corps took such heavy casualties in Vietnam, losing five times as many killed as in World War I, three times as many as in Korea and more total casualties than in World War II. Guerrilla resistance has already proved deadly in the Iraq war, and far more effective than the set-piece battles that thus far have taken place closer to Baghdad. A majority of American casualties at this point have been the result of guerrilla actions against Marine and Army forces in and around Nasiriya. As this form of warfare has unfolded, the real surprise is why anyone should have been surprised at all. But people have been, among them many who planned the war, many who are fighting it and a large percentage of the general population. ------ Why? Partly because of Iraq's poor performance in the 1991 gulf war, which caused many to underestimate Iraqi willingness to fight, while overlooking the distinction between retreating from conquered territory and defending one's native soil. And partly because protection of civilians has become such an important part of military training. But mostly, because the notion of fierce resistance cut against the grain of how this war was justified to the American people. ------ Or worse, the early stages of an occupation could see acts of retribution against members of Saddam Hussein's regime, then quickly turn into yet another round of guerrilla warfare against American forces. This point was made chillingly clear a few days ago by the leader of Iraq's major Shiite opposition group, who, according to Reuters, promised armed resistance if the United States remains in Iraq after Saddam Hussein is overthrown. ------ But in pursuit of what they call a ''moral'' foreign policy, they stretched and obscured the truth. First, they hyped C.I.A. intelligence to fit their contention that Saddam and Al Qaeda were linked. Then they sent Colin Powell out with hyped evidence about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. Then, when they were drawing up the battle plan, they soft-pedaled C.I.A. and Pentagon intelligence warnings that U.S. troops would face significant resistance from Saddam's guerrilla fighters. ------ One surprise has been the degree of government control in the south, particularly in Shiite towns like Nasiriya. This area has been a source of constant opposition to the government over the past decade -- including hit-and-run attacks on government buildings. The resistance to our forces from the area indicates he has done a good job in reorganizing security and Baath Party forces, as well as mobilizing irregular militia forces like the fedayeen. ------ With hindsight, it should not be surprising that Saddam Hussein saw a benefit from limited harassment in the south. It shakes confidence of many Americans who wanted bloodless victory, it feeds the propaganda image of heroic guerrilla resistance and it buys time by making allied commanders wait for additional forces before the final assault on Baghdad. ------ The Bush administration's commitment to rebuilding Iraq after the war effectively precludes that sort of truly devastating strike campaign. Once you accept that reality, the non-surprises accumulate with rapidity: there has been no sudden collapse of the regime, and there is resistance and reluctance by the general population to shift sides until Saddam Hussein's demise appears more imminent. None of this should be surprising because of the restrictions we've placed on ourselves in fighting this war. But these are necessary restrictions because it's all about winning the peace that comes later. ------ During the war in Afghanistan, Mr. Rumsfeld's briefing style and command of battlefield details won accolades. In recent days, as he faced an avalanche of skepticism from reporters about how well the war was going and whether he had miscalculated Iraqi resistance and the force needed to conquer Saddam Hussein, his brio has at times given way to defensiveness. ------ Many of the big decisions of the last few days the president has left to General Franks, an official said, such as the conclusion that at least one of the American columns making the northward thrust toward Baghdad should halt for much-needed rest and new supplies. White House officials insist that Mr. Bush is pleased with the war so far, has not been thrown off by the unexpected resistance of Iraqi paramilitary troops and remains highly confident that the allied forces will prevail. ------ On Saturday morning, Fox anchors appeared to be struggling with reports echoed on their own news updates that Pentagon officials had underestimated the amount of resistance. ------ Since last weekend, however, American troops from the Third Infantry Division and now from the 101st Airborne Division have encircled Najaf, but have not yet entered it. Iraqi paramilitary fighters in the town have carried out waves of attacks that have cost themselves hundreds of casualties but have managed to keep the Americans at bay. American military officials have suggested that the resistance can be explained by saying that many Iraqis have been coerced into their roles by loyalists to the Hussein government; so far, there has been little independent corroboration of this analysis. ------ Mr. Casale said his staff began checking on vendors who had long held lucrative contracts with the transit system. But he said he found resistance almost immediately as they tried to get crucial records. ------ The gunman does not usually demand money, and he shoots to kill even when he meets no resistance, according to investigators, who have been hunting the suspect for nearly two months. ------ But any effort to provide more money to New York, a heavily Democratic state, may meet with resistance in a Congress dominated by Republicans from other regions of the country, New York officials acknowledge. ------ Street-by-street fighting in the rubble of Baghdad and other cities -- an eventuality that American strategists have long sought to avoid -- now looks more likely. Mr. Hussein's aides have promised savage resistance. If it materializes, it could produce large coalition casualties, challenging American resolve, and equally large Iraqi civilian casualties, with dire consequences for the coalition's attempt to picture itself as the liberator of Iraq. A heart-rending picture of a wounded 2-year-old was widely published today after a Baghdad market was ripped apart by an explosion Iraqi officials attributed to a coalition bomb. ------ Baath Party officials at all levels admit that rampant corruption and bureaucratic resistance is retarding reform. Even the most senior officials concede that a transformed Iraq might lessen the resistance to change. Some Syrians speculate, however, that it might make the security services more repressive. ------ The Kurds said at least 176 Ansar fighters had died. About 150 more were said to have surrendered to the Iranian authorities at the border. Pockets of resistance in the mountains could be heard returning fire, but Kurdish military officers said the outcome seemed certain. ------ There are few easy options. Mr. McGreevey has proposed increasing the taxes on casinos, curtailing property tax rebates, eliminating state-subsidized health care for 60,000 people, slashing funds for the arts, higher education and business incentive grants. All those proposals have met fierce resistance in the Legislature, much of it from the governor's fellow Democrats. ------ Along with the stiff resistance Iraqi fighters have mounted against American troops advancing toward Baghdad, the government here has sought to marshal world opinion to its side with accounts of its struggle against America. That has made the Information Ministry, in effect, part of Iraq's front line, its principal task to raise international protests against the United States and Britain to the point where, the Iraqis hope, the allies will be forced to abandon the effort to overthrow Mr. Hussein. ------ In this way, they hope to get ''signature management of the entire operational environment.'' I think that means the new doctrine is to hit very hard right at the start so as to make everybody on the other side feel that resistance is hopeless and quit. The explication of the strategy is turgid, but its title is a grabber. ------ Abdel Aziz Rantisi, a Hamas official who attended the meeting, said it had lasted three hours and was positive. He said the prime minister, a critic of the armed uprising, ''explained his point of view on many issues,'' including security, political reforms and the economy, but had made no demands. Dr. Rantisi said Hamas had emphasized the importance of continuing what he called the resistance, in Israel and the occupied territories. ------ For several days, General Franks and other senior officers have been challenged by critics who suggested that they had not anticipated the stiff resistance of Iraqi fighters, and that their war plans had not allocated enough troops to the ground war, which occurred sooner than some had expected. The officers have replied that all is going according to an overall plan -- but that the plan itself was flexible. ------ Now, the British Army has the city surrounded and is waging a tough, if sporadic, battle to drive out the stubborn resistance that is using guerrilla tactics to counter the allied armies. ------ ''Let me just say this to you,'' he said. ''We are only 10 or 11 days into this war. Baghdad is slowly being encircled. Pockets of resistance are being isolated. The oil fields are secure. Humanitarian aid is beginning to flow. I have total confidence in the plan and total confidence in General Franks and the other leaders who are carrying out that plan.'' ------ Mr. Juwad, a 22-year-old father of one, thinks his views are shared by the majority of Iraqis living nearby, including the people in this nearest city. The resistance against the American forces here, he said, came from militias created in the days before the American invasion. ------ INTERPRETATIONS -- Was this an operational pause? Had planners underestimated Iraqi resistance? Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, Gen. Richard B. Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Gen. Tommy R. Franks, commander of the American forces in Iraq, insisted that there were no pauses and that the war was going as planned. They acknowledged that the hardest fighting lay ahead, but said time was on the side of the allies. ------ The situation, in fact, does not appear to be that simple. The unanticipated resistance from guerrilla forces in the south and the limited size of the American force in the region has slowed the tempo of the war plan. ------ Such a move could give the allies more forces to take on the Republican Guard, gain control of the cities in the south and stifle resistance from paramilitary units there and guard supply lines. ------ The sequencing suggests how the bacteria went wrong. Nearly a third of its genome consists of mobile elements of DNA on its chromosomes and in self-contained packets called plasmids. The toxic effects and drug resistance are a result of this mobile DNA. ------ Dr. Paulsen said that the greatest significance of the sequencing was in ''finding how much genetic exchange has gone on in the evolution of this pathogen.'' It is, he said, ''easy to transfer resistance genes among enterococcus bacteria and to other things like staphylococcus.'' ------ Drug-resistant staphylococcus is a major problem for hospitals and, Dr. Paulsen said, one or two strains had ''virtually certainly gained resistance genes from an enterococcus.'' ------ The Second Symphony was Ullmann's final composition, written in the Theresienstadt concentration camp, and left incomplete -- in a piano version, with scoring annotations -- when he was sent to Auschwitz. Like ''Der Kaiser von Atlantis'' and some of the chamber music he wrote in Theresienstadt, this work moves freely between styles, with Mahler prominent among the influences. It has some powerful ideas, most notably a finale in which a Hebrew folk song, a Hussite hymn with Czech nationalist connotations and a Lutheran chorale are juxtaposed as a message of resistance. ------ Mr. Arnett then dug himself back in by telling an Iraqi interviewer that his reports about civilian casualties and the resistance of Iraqi forces helped the antiwar movement in the United States. ------ A week after he was hurt, battle is still raging in and around Nasiriya, where the resistance offered by Iraqi fighters came as something of a surprise to the petty officer and his comrades. ------ ''The first war plan has failed because of Iraqi resistance,'' he told his interviewer. He also said that reports about civilian casualties in Baghdad had served to ''help those who oppose the war'' in the United States. ------ So, with each day of the war, the Americans have used more and more military power to carry out their missions, often inside Shiite-dominated towns, making for some grim realities in a part of the country where there had been little expectation of strong resistance. ------ Like many now, with hindsight, she has her own theories about why Iraqi resistance has proved stronger than anticipated. They are based on the reports she has heard, the weapons and equipment she has collected and an instinctive faith that the American cause is right and the Iraqi wrong. ------ The Associated Press reported that American forces had entered the Baath Party office in Hindiya. Inside, they found tens of thousands of rounds of small-arms ammunition, as well as hundreds of mortars and many heavy machine guns. Loyalists of Mr. Hussein's Baath Party have appeared to lead resistance against the allied advance in several southern towns. ------ Even some of Mr. Rumsfeld's advisers now acknowledge that they misjudged the scope and intensity of resistance from Iraqi paramilitaries in the south, and forced commanders to divert troops already stretched thin to protect supply convoys and root out Hussein loyalists in Basra, Nasiriya and Najaf. But they also point to the air campaign's successes in the past few days in significantly weakening the Republican Guard divisions around Baghdad. As one senior official said of the process that produced the war plan, as well as the pace and sequencing of troops, ''It was a painful process to match the political and military goals.'' ------ Even among ministers, perhaps especially among them, this concern to show fealty is obtrusive. Mr. Hussein may be rarely mentioned, but top officials who brief reporters on the war accomplish something similar by emphasizing, again and again, the leading role in Iraqi resistance, the ''spearhead role,'' as Mr. Sahhaf put it at least five times today, of the fedayeen. ------ ''There will be strong resistance to resolving this problem,'' said Rusen Cakir, a Turkish political analyst. ------ Since March 17, when Mr. Daschle said Mr. Bush's diplomatic failures had helped cause the war, he has been nothing but complimentary. Today, he again sidestepped a question about whether the administration had misjudged resistance, saying there would be time later for such an examination. ------ SIGNS OF WELCOME -- Maj. Gen. David H. Petraeus, commander of the 101st Airborne Division, was greeted by residents of Najaf with cheers as American troops mopped up remaining pockets of resistance in the town. The ''back of the resistance has been broken here,'' the general declared. It was one of the first open expressions of welcome received by American troops in Iraq, but it was not the only one. In Diwaniya, a young farmer walked off the plains at first light waving a white flag. ''I am with you,'' he told an American officer. A dozen other Iraqis behind him also approached American troops, asking for water. ------ Yet in private, military officials, diplomats and some officials involved in planning the reconstruction say that the Iraqi resistance and the lukewarm welcome for American troops in the south is forcing a re-evaluation of some of those plans. ------ The supply line problems are serious, but there is no evidence that the military would have been able to move much more swiftly, or with far fewer casualties, if the Army had used a much larger force. The big failure has been in political assessment, and the expectation that southern Iraqis would welcome the American troops and offer minimal resistance. The Bush administration seems to have gotten mixed intelligence about how the Iraqis would respond to an invasion, and the fact that the Pentagon chose to believe the optimistic reports was probably a function of political preconceptions rather than hardheaded judgments. ------ The Iraqi response to the American and British troops may warm up when Baghdad is taken. But so far, resistance in the south has been spoiling much of the original war plan. Because of it, troops have been pulled away from the drive to Baghdad to secure the cities that the supply lines must pass on the way to the front. Perhaps worst of all, the fear of terrorists disguised as civilians has soured military relations with Iraqis, who naturally resent being searched, confined to their towns and sometimes caught in cross-fire with guerrilla fighters. The unexpected difficulties in bringing in food and water have left many in a far worse state than they were under Saddam Hussein, at least temporarily. ------ General Petraeus said the 101st Airborne Division was poised to seize control of Najaf in the next day or so, which would probably make it the first significant Iraqi town to fall unambiguously into American hands. He said the ''back of the resistance has been broken here.'' ------ Najaf has already cost an unexpected price, since American military planners envisioned that it would show support earlier, and without significant resistance. Instead, the Iraqi government's paramilitary forces have used it as a base for attacks on American supply convoys. Four soldiers from the Third Infantry Division were killed by a car bomb at a checkpoint outside the town on Saturday. ------ It appeared that the tactic worked as three other battalions moved through the gap, encountering what the brigade's commander, Col. William F. Grimsley, said was disorganized resistance on the part of the Iraqis. ------ To that end, the council in Delhi began a week of satyagraha -- the kind of nonviolent resistance that was the signature of Gandhi, who was killed by a Hindu nationalist. In a carefully staged piece of political theater, the sadhus, sants and angry young men who have propelled the temple movement's rise crowded onto police buses like schoolboys impatient for the next act. ------ ''The industrials have been doing well of late,'' said James Paulsen, chief investment strategist at Wells Capital Management in Minneapolis, which oversees $110 billion. ''It's pretty war related, with growing evidence that we're moving into Baghdad without much resistance.'' ------ It would help to see the rebels' ranks joined by Senator Susan Collins of Maine. She has talked a good game of resistance but has not yet taken a clear stand. A politician who is theoretically against tax cuts but who sides with the let's-party crowd when the chips are down is perfectly useless to the cause of sensible budgeting. Senator John McCain of Arizona has stressed that he is against any tax cut, including the half-measure, until later, when the war's costs are known. But this proven warrior should know the only promising battle in sight is about to be fought. If it is lost, the bulk of the budget-busting tax cut for the wealthy will be in place. The deficit will spiral out of control, and the burden of war and rebuilding Iraq could trigger mammoth national discontent. The grand principle is fine, but right now the nation needs every principled politician available to rally against this disastrous plan. ------ The Baghdad Division, a Republican Guard infantry division that was stationed near Kut, put up little resistance to the First Marine Division. Even before the marines arrived, the Baghdad Division had been bombed mercilessly and American officials rated it ineffective as a combat unit. Many of its soldiers fled toward Baghdad as the marines approached. Today, the marines advancing on the capital from the southeast were at one point about 40 miles away. ------ One reason the Republican Guard's resistance was so weak is that it has been a bull's-eye for American air power for days. The allied air campaign does not seem to have sundered the Hussein government's ability to command and control its forces in Baghdad. But it has had a devastating effect on Iraq's forces in the field. ------ Everywhere along the American advance lay the signs that the Iraqi resistance was cracking. ------ The debate over the use of computer simulations large and small was sharpened when Lt. Gen. William S. Wallace, the commander of the Army V Corps based in Kuwait, remarked that the guerrilla-style resistance of Iraqi militia groups made for an enemy that was ''different from the one we war-gamed against.'' The current situation in Iraq, some critics say, may highlight the problem of depending too much on virtual realities for training. They argue that military leaders can become too enmeshed in a gaming scenario to allow for what is actually happening. ------ Now the new findings, published in the March 20 issue of Nature, suggest that some of these extrapolations were wrong. ''We've always thought that drag or resistance increases with sea surface roughness and wind speed,'' Dr. Powell said. But when the team analyzed the sonde data, they found that the ocean caused less, not more, resistance in winds above hurricane force. ------ Over the last few days, after being surprised early in the war by the strength of resistance from Iraqi forces in the south, the invading American troops appear to have recovered much of their momentum. They now occupy wide swaths of territory and stand close to the main prize -- Baghdad -- although most urban centers, and so most Iraqis, are not under American control. ------ Such scenes have been very rare as American troops have pressed forward, encountering resistance or sullen disapproval in many places. ------ Labor union resistance to tampering with the present pension plan is sensitive political territory. In 1995, the last conservative prime minister, Alain Juppé , was brought down in part as result of widespread labor union resistance to pension reform. ------ Granting immunity would be a serious setback for advocates of gun control, who have turned to state courts increasingly in recent years after meeting resistance in legislatures. They have denounced the proposed legislation as an unfair favor to an industry and a federal usurpation of states' rights. They say Congress would be denying injured citizens and violence-ridden cities the right to sue companies supplying an illegal underground market in guns. ------ PLANS FOR THE WAR -- At the Pentagon, Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, laid out plans to avoid a block-by-block fight in the next phase of the war. He said that coalition forces would cut off Baghdad, protect Shiite Iraqis who oppose Mr. Hussein, establish an American-led interim government and destroy any remaining resistance in the south. ------ THE ENEMY IN THE CAPITAL -- American military officers say that with large parts of Iraq's Republican Guard crumbling, the main enemy now is the Special Republican Guard and Mr. Hussein's internal security forces. Charged with defending the interior of Baghdad, this force of 15,000 to 20,000 is expected to put up fierce resistance. It was not known what weapons they possessed, or what orders they have been given. ------ There was no resistance to speak of, and the road seemed clear. The convoy moved so quickly toward Baghdad that Marine commanders had to stop to draw up another map. ------ The unexpectedly fierce resistance of Iraqi soldiers, which had framed coverage of the war until yesterday suddenly turned into unanticipated passivity: John McWethy, the ABC Pentagon reporter, told Peter Jennings that the defense of Baghdad's outskirts ''was much weaker than many anticipated.'' ------ As Mr. Bush went off to eat with the troops -- he stood briefly in the chow line for ribs and macaroni and cheese -- Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at the Pentagon that allied forces would cut off the city, secure its large anti-Hussein Shiite population, establish an interim government and methodically eliminate any resistance in the south. ------ They had hoped for a short war with a minimum of inflammatory pictures of Iraqi civilian casualties. Instead, the daily message to the public from much of the media is that American troops are callous killers, that only resistance to the United States can redeem Arab pride and that the Iraqis are fighting a pan-Arab battle for self-respect. ------ ''This is weird,'' said Col. William F. Grimsley, commander of the division's First Brigade, whose troops led the assault on the airport, about 10 miles from the heart of Baghdad. ''It's like spooky weird.'' His forces had faced only light resistance at dusk and then later virtually no resistance at all. ------ The airport -- rather than Baghdad itself -- was the division's ultimate objective when it crossed the border from Kuwait on March 20. The absence, so far, of sustained resistance from Iraq's most vaunted and feared forces -- the Republican Guard and Special Republican Guard -- baffled soldiers and officers, who had girded themselves for a final battle on the outskirts of Baghdad. ------ Maj. Gen. Buford C. Blount III, the division's commander, said in an interview at midday that the Second Brigade had encountered resistance from Iraqi forces that he estimated to number ''several thousand,'' including parts of the Republican Guard's Medina and Hammarabi Divisions. ------ The source of the unexpectedly stiff resistance was unclear. On Wednesday, Iraqi front lines appeared to be buckling as dug-in units abandoned their positions around Mosul, Iraq's third-largest city, after days of American bombardment. ------ Iraqi tactics in the current war -- forcing civilians into harm's way, executing innocents who seek refuge -- have confirmed the malevolence of their regime, and so Americans seem puzzled by any Iraqi resistance to their liberation. It may perhaps be typically American to expect others to greet our mighty righteousness with gratitude, but there is a larger contradiction at work: we see dictatorships as simultaneously all-powerful and yet completely brittle. ------ People in Korea have been deeply inculcated with anti-Americanism for two generations, since the Korean War. The psychological element underpinning resistance to any American attack would be very deep. In terms of the military forces, they are much better organized than the Iraqi forces. They are better equipped, they have a larger army than Iraq. This has been a regime prepared to fight the Americans for 50 years -- both literally and psychologically. Furthermore, they already had a war with the United States and they believe they won. ------ Early this year Mr. Lewis wrote an article for Newsweek International in which he made a case for American intervention in Iraq and argued that ''worries about Iraqi civilians -- fighting in the streets, popular resistance'' were overblown. Now Mr. Lewis has written an article for The Wall Street Journal Europe in which he argues that Iraqis may be reluctant to welcome American soldiers because antiwar protests reinforce their worry that ''the United States may flinch from finishing the job.'' ------ He continued to strike the city with inadequate company- and battalion-sized units with the excuse that he was trying to maintain his army's attitude of aggressive initiative. Gen. Omar Bradley, his superior, urged him to quit ''this pecking campaign'' and accept the so-called October Pause imposed in the aftermath of Market Garden's 12,000 Allied casualties. But Patton claimed a need to ''blood'' his newer recruits to the realities of combat. As if hoping to generate a self-fulfilling prophecy, he declared Metz conquered on several occasions, only to have to retract the claim in the face of continued German resistance. ------ The siege had become personal, and he exhorted his friend in the Air Corps, Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, ''to blow up this damn fort so that it becomes nothing but a hole.'' But even a severe bombing campaign couldn't dislodge the defenders behindits 15-foot-thick walls. The steadfast resistance forced Patton to mount a bloody siege that he described as ''a mutual crucifixion.'' ------ Democrats in the Assembly are echoing the complaints of the Senate Republicans, a sign that Mr. Bloomberg faces substantial resistance in Albany. ''There is growing and deepening anger with the way the mayor has moved forward,'' said Assemblyman Steven Sanders, a Manhattan Democrat who is chairman of the Assembly's Education Committee. ------ Still, the situation is extremely fragile. The port of Umm Qasr, which was declared open with great fanfare this week when a small British relief ship delivered its supplies, is still threatened by mines, in need of dredging and short of the skilled manpower needed to unload large relief ships. The overriding problem throughout the south is that the same armed resistance that slowed the military thrust to the north continues to render most areas too dangerous for civilian aid workers. ------ The supplies and money for large-scale humanitarian assistance are being assembled. This week, the U.S. Agency for International Development pledged to contribute $200 million in cash to the United Nations World Food Program to buy emergency food for Iraq from other countries in the region, thus short-circuiting the need to wait for shipments from the United States. The U.N. itself has taken temporary control of an Iraqi oil-for-food account to pay for humanitarian aid, and some supplies trickled into the south yesterday. But all this will go for little unless the military devotes enough resources to suppress the armed resistance quickly and make all areas of Iraq safe for humanitarian workers to perform their lifesaving jobs. ------ But not the end of the war. The sun rose today with the quaking blasts of Air Force bombs dropping less than a mile away, as pockets of Iraqi resistance announced themselves with sputtering bursts of rifle fire and periodic mortar blasts. ------ MARINES MEET RESISTANCE -- After destroying the remnants of a Republican Guard division and advancing rapidly toward Baghdad from the southeast, the Marines ran into heavy Iraqi resistance. One marine was reported killed. American artillery lobbed shells at the Iraqi forces, despite their proximity to residential neighborhoods of Baghdad. Captured Republican Guard members said that fierce aerial bombardment in recent days had caught them by surprise. Seeing the destruction, many soldiers got into their vehicles and fled, the captured Iraqis said. ------ This week, he held forth at a lunch with conservative commentators and journalists. Some participants had backed the administration on Iraq when it faced criticism that the war plan provided insufficient force and that it had been overly optimistic about Iraqi resistance. ------ Nasiriya was strategically important for its pair of bridges, one over the Euphrates and the other over the Saddam Canal, bottlenecks in the route to Baghdad some 180 miles to the northwest. On Thursday March 20, the first day of the ground war, attack helicopters started pummeling Iraq's 11th Infantry Division around the town and at Tallil Air Base, the country's second-largest. The next day, tanks from the American Third Infantry Division rolled to the outskirts and drew artillery fire, but air attacks snuffed out resistance and hundreds of Iraqis gave up. ------ When we got to Ramallah, I picked up a few Palestinian newspapers. They were full of boasts about the holdouts in Umm Qasr and Nasiriya. They seemed to be trying to create a mythology around what they considered to be heroic Iraqi resistance. There was a four-column photo in Al Quds, the most popular Palestinian newspaper, showing a downed American helicopter and the farmer who, according to the caption, had shot it down. ------ As radical and impatient for democracy as the students are, however, most of them do not want to lead Iran into another bloody revolution. I asked Mehdi Aminzadeh, a 25-year-old student leader studying civil engineering, if there was anything brewing in Iran equivalent to Yugoslavia's Otpor, or ''resistance'' -- a grass-roots movement spread by Serbian youth that defeated the dictatorship of Slobodan Milosevic. (One of the opposition satellite television channels that are beamed into Iran by the Iranian diaspora in California constantly replays the chronicles of Milosevic's destruction of Yugoslavia and Otpor's destruction of Milosevic, as if trying to suggest a script for the students to follow.) No, he said. For now there is no social movement or political party tough enough and well financed enough to organize such mass demonstrations. ------ Yet there were pictures, of Rachel standing her ground, megaphone in hand, and of Rachel bloodied and crumpled. Try as they did to substitute other images -- Rachel in a tutu, a dove costume, a bowler hat -- these were not pictures that a parent could ever forget, and they do want an independent investigation. They also feel bound to speak in her stead, to defend the ideas to which Rachel was committed, especially that of nonviolent resistance. Rachel had pleaded with them to care as much as she did about ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ''I think it is a good idea for us all to drop everything and devote our lives to making this stop,'' she wrote to her mother. ''I really want to dance around to Pat Benatar and have boyfriends and make comics for my co-workers. But I also want this to stop.'' ------ Dr. Davidson noted other strong points, including resistance not only to deer but also to disease and insects, and an ability to tolerate drought. ------ Dr. Davidson noted other strong points, including resistance not only to deer but also to disease and insects, and an ability to tolerate drought. ------ Many big institutional investors are also pushing companies to separate the traditional roles of board chairman and chief executive. But this is often met with resistance. ------ Dr. Davidson noted other strong points, including resistance not only to deer but also to disease and insects, and an ability to tolerate drought. ------ The administration's task is helped and complicated by the competence within the Iraqi oil industry. Though the industry's physical plant is a mess, its work force of 60,000 or so is regarded as a model of professionalism among oil-exporting states. Any attempt by outsiders to take over, many regional experts say, could touch off a backlash. Iraqi resistance to American control of the oil industry could take the form of strikes or simple inaction. In that event, an American oil overseer would be faced with arresting strikers or firing them, and bringing in people from overseas, said Issam al-Chalabi, a former Iraqi oil minister. Resistance might even extend to sabotage or terrorism, other regional experts said. ------ That means the U.S. has to move quickly to create a process where moderate, but legitimate, Iraqi nationalists can emerge to start running their country, and U.S. forces can recede into the background. We have only one chance to make a first impression in how we intend to reshape Iraq, and we must make a good one. America somewhat underestimated the resistance it would meet when it invaded Iraq; it should not now overestimate how much time it has to rule Iraq, with U.S. generals, before meeting political resistance. ------ General Garner rarely refers to the United Nations in the meetings he is conducting here, participants said. As the Iraqis have put up more resistance than expected, he has expressed a modicum of anxiety about the tenor of his welcome, two officials who have spoken with him in the last week said. But he did not raise the possibility of a United Nations presence as a way of alleviating whatever concerns Iraqis may express toward American, or Anglo-American, administration of their country, they said. ------ As the war has dragged on longer than expected, and the Iraqis have put up stiffer resistance, the security of the members of the Americans in Baghdad has become a more urgent matter. ------ But some of these officials warned that other terror networks could quickly energize their followers to change tactics. They said the war in Iraq had already provided some warning signs of potential terrorism that could become a grim reality in postwar Iraq, where some analysts fear that resistance could seriously undermine reconstruction efforts. ------ The rapid advance of the army and marines toward Baghdad has followed a pattern. Enemy resistance is found and attacked from the air first, and the tanks roll in second. After that, the foot soldiers move in to attack enemy targets that have already been hit hard. ------ Karbala is located at the mouth of a gap that leads directly north to Baghdad, about 60 miles away, said Brig. Gen. Benjamin C. Freakley, the assistant commander for operations of the 101st Airborne Division. It is also one-third of a triangle of holy cities that includes Najaf and Hilla. On Monday, the American forces had a fierce daylong battle at Hilla but did not enter the city. Later in the week, the 101st Airborne entered Najaf, meeting little resistance. ------ While the resistance was strong in pockets, the Americans were also fighting ghosts part of the time. Almost all of the regular Iraqi Army forces and the Republican Guard have abandoned their positions here. ------ But there was resistance. Firing rocket-propelled grenades, the Iraqis hit the track of an M1 tank, scoring what the military calls a ''mobility kill.'' The Americans tried to tow the tank home, but it caught on fire and they blew it up so that the Iraqis could not use it. At least six American soldiers were reported to have been wounded in the operation, some critically. ------ The Iraqi strategy, Mr. Sahhaf said, was to drive the Americans back to pockets of resistance outside Baghdad. One place mentioned was Abu Ghraib, west of the capital, notorious as the site of the grimmest prison in Mr. Hussein's gulag. ------ Although the American stay is likely to be shorter, it could generate the same kind of resentment if not handled with a deftness rare in the annals of triumphant armies. That, in turn, could fuel the kind of resistance to a new government that the United States wishes to minimize, even if Mr. Hussein is killed or captured. It could also further destabilize the Middle East as a whole -- precisely the opposite of what Washington has set out to achieve. ------ Some remnants of divisions have fled the battlefield into Baghdad and may try to regroup, while other pockets of resistance are drawing heavy fire from American warplanes, attack helicopters, artillery and tanks. But General Moseley said these fighters had no realistic chance of surviving. ''We either kill them or they give up,'' he said. ''There's no way out for these guys.'' ------ Syria is a very different case. In an interview published this week in a pro-Syrian Lebanese newspaper, Bashar al-Assad, Syria's 36-year old president, who inherited the post from his father three years ago, said the war only proved that Mr. Bush ''wanted oil and wanted to redraw the map of the region in accordance with the Israeli interests.'' He urged Arabs to learn from Lebanon's history of ''resistance.'' ------ ''The weather will affect him differently than the other guys because Tiger is allergic to everything on the golf course,'' Earl Woods said. ''He has taken allergy shots as a kid and he has developed a resistance to everything. But when he gets to Georgia in the spring, that pollen gets to him.'' ------ As the owner of the Paramount film studio, Viacom might also logically have an interest in Vivendi's Universal Studios. But such a merger might meet resistance from antitrust regulators -- and from Viacom's own president, Mel Karmazin, who is known to have little enthusiasm for the unpredictable, capital-intensive movie business. ------ The local authorities are trying to make certain all demonstrations are well out of earshot for the golfers. Even if they succeed, club members should make it clear to Mr. Johnson that his resistance is all about pride rather than principle. The Augusta National is no backwoods fraternal order. It is the centerpiece of American golfing, its tournament televised around the world. CBS Sports, which broadcasts the tournament, should cover this issue, and women should make it clear to the network how they feel about this all-male club. ------ Even so, the business people were running what the Hunter Group indicated was a top-heavy shop. It had 1 manager for every 14 employees; comparable institutions make do with 1 for 17. That translated to between 150 and 220 extra managers. And trustees admit they put up little resistance when Dr. Rowe and top executives negotiated six- and seven-figure contracts. ------ To many trustees, though, the resistance of the doctors -- crucial players in such a marriage -- became a self-fulfilling prophecy. It was easy to meld laundry and catering. Medicine was another matter. ------ Inserting this small and, so far, lightly armed force into areas where there is still substantial resistance to the American-led forces signaled a new front in the American and British efforts both to end the war and to prepare for the peace. But American officials conceded that their appearance at the front was just as important politically as it is militarily. ------ The brigade's Third Battalion, Seventh Infantry cleared an area of military barracks on the airport's north side without encountering resistance. A battalion of the Army's 101st Airborne Division that arrived here over the weekend, clashed with Iraqi forces on the eastern side of the airport. ------ Finally, today, after two weeks of limited attacks, British commanders concluded that the government's resistance was brittle and that it was time to begin a major attack. ------ This strategic prize has not come without a price. British soldiers said that the main resistance was coming from the paramilitary units. The British today estimated that there were 400 irregular Iraqi forces still fighting hard. ------ ''We have been building pressure all week with aggressive raids and trying to create the right conditions,'' a British officer said. ''We have now punched into Basra in a concrete way that we had not done before. Some of the battle groups have met some resistance from irregulars. We will continue to eradicate the Baath Party and the irregulars. We will consolidate in there and this will be a very good thing to achieve before Baghdad.'' ------ The thrust, after more than two weeks on the outskirts of the city, appeared to be part of a coordinated effort to take down what is left of Iraqi resistance. If Basra falls, as now seems likely, the Iraqi government's isolation will be sharply accentuated. While it was an achievement in its own right, it was also important for the larger American and British campaign. [Military analysis, Page B1.] ------ Although the fighting was fierce, British officers said they encountered less resistance than they had feared. They said that taking Basra, Iraq's second-largest city, could deal a psychological blow to Baathist holdouts in Baghdad and hasten that city's fall. ------ A staff sergeant with the unit said he had a selection of minidiscs to play for the Iraqis, from warnings for them to stay indoors because of imminent operations to ''inevitability themes'' telling them that they could not win and that resistance was useless. ------ It was not clear how much resistance the British would meet as they try to secure the rest of the city on Monday. Many people said the city's Baath Party officials and fedayeen irregulars have disappeared. ------ He said he also believed the bombing was counterproductive. ''The Allies tried to break the resistance of the German people by killing hundreds of thousands of people, but the resistance grew,'' he said. ''Like today with the Iraqi people. Perhaps many of them hate Saddam Hussein, but they will defend their country because of this bombing. It's so stupid.'' ------ While there was fierce opposition from isolated pockets of resistance, the response to the snow was outright capitulation in some quarters. For example, the home opener of the New York Yankees against the Minnesota Twins was postponed before the arrival of a single snowflake. ------ At a board meeting on March 28, several directors said, Mr. Georgine proposed returning his trading profits but met resistance from members who understood that this would increase pressure on them to return their own. ------ Justice Thomas said Virginia had not been interested in curbing racist expression in 1952, when it enacted the law, because the state had many segregationist laws on its books and was soon to begin its campaign of ''massive resistance'' to the Supreme Court's desegregation decree in Brown v. Board of Education. ------ The head of the Iraqi opposition group in Iran, Sayyid Mohamed Bakr al-Hakim, who fled into exile in Iran in 1980, has warned repeatedly that the United States will face armed resistance if its forces stay after ridding the country of Saddam Hussein. ------ He said he had learned things from the field commanders about how the remaining Iraqi forces were fighting and organizing their resistance that would cause him to make some adjustments in his battle plan. ------ At the dusty landing strip in Zubayr, General Franks was met by Maj. Gen. Robin Brims, commander of the British division headquartered there, and ushered into a command tent for a session closed to reporters. A British military spokesman said General Franks was given a description of current conditions in Basra. He said there was a fair amount of looting going on, which forces tried to stop if it was safe to do so, and called organized resistance in the city ''petty.'' ------ As for the fire company closings, they were announced after many months of resistance from residents of the neighborhoods affected and from members of the City Council. The Bloomberg administration has said the fire companies are underused and the closings would net $10.8 million in savings. ------ To overcome strong public resistance, the mayor appointed a commission -- formed in part with appointees from the City Council and the Fire Commissioner -- to study the matter. On Thursday night, the commission voted 5 to 2 in favor of closing the houses. The two opposing votes were from the City Council's appointees. ------ On one level the Iraqis are succeeding. After withdrawing from a series of frontline positions around Mosul early last week, they have put up unexpectedly tough resistance along a second defensive line. Over the last several days they have thwarted attempts by Special Operations teams to advance, despite the aid of hundreds of Kurdish soldiers and heavy American airstrikes. ------ At this stage, there will be no civil policing by the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit, said its commander, Col. Richard Mills, whose unit is spread from Nasiriya in the south to Kut in the north, from the main highway in the west to the Iranian border. The unit's mission is to keep supply lines open, mop up resistance and capture senior military and Baath Party officials still at large. ------ In Basra, military officials said British forces were welcomed enthusiastically as the last vestiges of Iraqi resistance were wiped out. The British defense secretary said in London that the Iraqi military commander known as ''Chemical Ali'' had been killed in a bombing raid. The Iraqi, Ali Hassan al-Majid, has been accused of ordering use of chemical weapons against Kurds in northern Iraq in 1988. ------ Despite the intensity and the duration of today's firefight, some marines here characterized the Iraqis resistance to them as tough, but uncoordinated. Some said it was closer to guerrilla war. ------ ''The resistance is fierce, but it's unorganized,'' said Capt. Matthew Regner, a military intelligence officer. Others said units of the Iraqi army were unable to communicate with one other. ''There are small groups, being led by a couple of officers,'' said Captain Regner. ------ Even in Britain, the one European country where the war has majority support, there is great resistance to American domination of the postwar running of Iraq. An opinion poll in today's Daily Telegraph showed that while Britons' enthusiasm for the war had grown to a high of 60 percent and their approval of Mr. Blair's conduct had also risen, there was only 2 percent approval of an American-controlled administration of Iraq. ------ In Washington, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said a declaration of victory would come ''later rather than sooner,'' and warned that the allies still faced stiff resistance in Baghdad and northern Iraq. ------ The British and American forces secured key cities, including Najaf and Karbala, 45 miles south of Baghdad, demonstrating an ability to conduct a limited kind of urban warfare with minimum casualties against disorganized and apparently collapsing Iraqi resistance. ------ There was fierce resistance by Iraqis whop were making attempts at a counterattack, with some of the fighting taking place inside the presidential compound itself. ------ A-10 Warthog tank-buster jets circled the sky above the battle, diving every now and then through the thick black smoke to drop ordnance, each bomb exploding with a burst of fire and black smoke. As the battle wore on, Iraqi resistance appeared to be diminishing. ------ The scene seemed to illustrate the plight of Mr. Hussein's government, whose army has mustered little effective resistance in the capital despite much oratory about the grim fate awaiting American soldiers. That official defiance continued despite the Americans' increasingly incontrovertible presence. ------ Airplane composites and the shuttle composite both have carbon fibers whose molecules are lined up to give the fibers strength in one direction. Those fibers are bound together by a matrix of molecules that have equal strength in all directions. In aircraft composites, where excessive heat is not a usual danger, the matrix is a noncarbon epoxy that is not particularly heat-resistant. (The exception, Mr. Maass said, is in aircraft brakes, which, needing great heat resistance, use carbon-carbon.) ------ Then the tall turbaned man, Sheik Muhammad Laabadi, claimed that it was in fact he who was in charge of the city in his capacity as the leader of the resistance movement. He said he belonged neither to the Dawa nor the Supreme Islamic Resistance Council, based in Iran, both Shiite resistance groups outlawed by the Hussein government. ------ Some officials said that an attack on Saturday aimed at Ali Hassan al-Majid, a regional commander in southern Iraq and one of Mr. Hussein's closest military associates, helped them take control of Basra. Mr. Majid's death has not been confirmed, but the officials said that it became accepted by local citizens and that when it did, resistance to British forces in Basra seemed to melt away. ------ First, the American military, under General Franks or a deputy, will maintain a security force officials describe as ''robust'' to root out pockets of resistance and any guerrilla attacks, and provide a security umbrella to allow aid to flow freely in the country. ------ Allied troops fanned out farther across Iraq today, venturing into cities that had seen no sign to date of the invading troops, who began crossing over from Kuwait almost three weeks ago. Except in Baghdad, resistance was generally light. ------ As dusk fell, the area held by the Americans fell silent, suggesting that Iraqi resistance -- fought relentlessly but ultimately hopelessly with rockets, machine guns and other light arms -- had died away. ------ That this should be so despite stubborn Iraqi resistance not only in Baghdad but also elsewhere must rank as one of the major surprises of a surprising war. Those who expected light casualties expected the enemy to collapse. ------ There may still be some difficult combat ahead in outlying Baghdad neighborhoods and areas north of the capital, including Mr. Hussein's hometown, Tikrit. American ground forces have yet to move into that region. No one knows whether Mr. Hussein and his two sons are alive or dead. And on paper, at least, there are still 10 Iraqi Army divisions available to fight. But the fall of Baghdad suggests that organized resistance to the invading forces could subside now that the centralized institutions of power in Iraq have been shattered. ------ ''As long as we've got J. P. Stevens, we'll never really succeed in organizing the South,'' James Sala, an A.F.L.-C.I.O. official, said at the time. ''Not because of textiles, but because of the example it sets for this kind of resistance.'' ------ Even in the flush of triumph, doubts will be raised. Where are the supplies of germs and poison gas and plans for nukes to justify pre-emption? (Freed scientists will lead us to caches no inspectors could find.) What about remaining danger from Baathist torturers and war criminals forming pockets of resistance and plotting vengeance? (Their death wish is our command.) ------ Ms. Boren, who is 38 and single, pays $128 a month for her combined cable television and cable modem services. Her personal line of resistance is the cellphone -- she has refused to get one, which she said made her ''practically a social pariah.'' ------ Still, Ms. Boren acknowledged a limit to her resistance. ''Twenty dollars is my breaking point,'' she said. ''If I could find a plan for $20 a month, I would have a cellphone.'' ------ In France, perceived concessions to English-American forms of law, no matter how slight, have run into strong resistance. ------ American intelligence officials continued to eavesdrop on Iraqi leadership networks, although those circuits were all but quiet today, as some Iraqi officials seemed to be trying to disappear into the country's cities and villages in an effort to escape coalition forces. American military officials said that command and control of Iraqi military units had all but ended, and that there was little sign of organized resistance. ------ They said the Iraqi units in the town of Khazir, which have been putting up stiff resistance, include a brigade from the Republican Guard's Adnan Division, which was thought to have moved to Baghdad weeks ago. Fedayeen fighters have also joined the fighting, they said. ------ ''All the sheiks in Basra were friends with Saddam,'' said Dr. Riva Kasim of Basra General Hospital. ''All the sheiks and tribal leaders are bad.'' With most armed resistance eliminated, British troops have turned their attention to stopping widespread looting. The city still does not have regular water service. ANTHONY DePALMA ------ There was also utter disbelief at the weakness of Iraqi resistance in Baghdad, when just weeks ago the tiny port of Umm Qasr down south held out for days against an allied onslaught. ------ Beginning just after dawn and continuing through the day, an invading army of American soldiers was greeted by thousands of people on the streets, waving and cheering, and asking questions. The resistance had all but vanished in this area about 50 miles south of Baghdad. ------ Allied forces did in fact encounter resistance in more places than they excpected, although that resistance was described as thin. ------ American commanders in the city barely paused to soak up the celebrations before warning tonight that much hard work remained to be done in extending the pockets of American control in east and west Baghdad into areas that remained no-man's lands, or worse, pockets of active resistance. ------ Bastions of Iraqi resistance were still holding out in north and central Iraq, military officials said. Mr. Hussein, his sons and his top aides, if alive, were still at large. The chemical and biological weapons and the laboratories for making them -- the destruction of which the Bush administration cited as a prime motive for war -- had yet to be located. ------ After his return to New York, Remington continued to report on another war, the one being fought between whites and Indians in the West. (He was at Wounded Knee for the cleanup after the massacre.) But he also turned his energies to shifting his career from illustrator to painter. Although the transition was slow and met with resistance, he eventually won critical opinion to his side. And he did so largely through his paintings of night scenes that, with their stripped-down compositions, close-valued colors, Impressionistic brushwork and psychological tensions, were greeted as serious in content and virtuosic in technique. ------ But I don't think that popular resistance to the Americans will arise in Iraq. (The suicide bombing in Baghdad yesterday may have been ordered by the Baathist remnant that will disappear soon.) Iraqis have been suffering or recovering from war since 1980, and the last thing they want to see is another fight. ------ Another trend Mr. Smith warned about was what he called ''the socialization of marketing resistance'' -- a pushback against what consumers deem to be aggressive hucksterism, which may prevent them from ever again perceiving advertising as ''an invited guest.'' ------ The reported doggedness of the Iraqi resistance has prompted some speculation within the Bush administration that the Iraqi forces might be defending members of the Iraqi leadership trying to flee to Syria. But defense officials said it was more likely they were trying to shield weapons or weapons programs. ------ The mystery of the fierceness of armed Iraqi resistance in the remote border town is among many uncertainties that senior American officials are weighing as they survey the battlefield in Iraq, where about one-third of the country still lies outside American control, according to senior Pentagon officials. ------ At the Pentagon, officials would not say how many American and British soldiers had been involved in the battle in the Qaim area, and they declined to estimate the size of the Iraqi resistance. ------ Across the Middle East, the collapse of the Hussein government inspired much editorial hand-wringing about the state of the Arabs and a few conspiracy theories to explain the disorganized Iraqi resistance. ------ In Saudi Arabia, the newspaper Al Riyadh warned that the actions of American troops in Iraq would determine whether the war was about to end or just beginning. ''If this army treats the Iraqis like an army of occupation,'' the paper said in an editorial, ''then it will be faced with resistance.'' ------ That remark, with similar predictions by other hawkish former and current government officials, was ridiculed by a flood of commentators and retired generals in the early days of the war in Southern Iraq, when Mr. Hussein's paramilitary fighters seemed to be putting up stiffer-than-expected resistance. ------ ''You can't do everything at once,'' General McChrystal said at the Pentagon, where there was continued resistance to the idea that the 130,000 soldiers now in Iraq could be diverted from war fighting to begin policing the violent and chaotic streets of Iraqi cities, where fires burned out of control in some neighborhoods, garbage mounted in the streets and basic services were collapsing. ------ Throughout the day, American troops battled pockets of resistance on the Tigris's east bank, one of them at a palace in the Adhamiya district that was among at least 20 kept for the Iraqi leader's use in Baghdad. American officers reported another firefight at the house of a senior Baath Party official. ------ But General Garner and his team are still in Kuwait, waiting for security conditions in Baghdad to improve enough for them to move there. Continued sporadic resistance has prevented his team from setting up headquarters at Baghdad's airport, where General Garner could assume greater control over efforts to rebuild an Iraqi police force. ------ ''They can be used in infantry missions where there might be a pocket of resistance in an urban area and it would be to everyone's advantage that Americans not be seen engaging in lethal activity,'' said the 53-year-old colonel. ------ The brief fight here this afternoon reflected the enduring difficulties of the military situation in Iraq. An important center of resistance has formed in Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's hometown, 110 miles north of Baghdad. The road south of Kirkuk, the other major northern city, has become a no man's land frequented by Iraqi irregulars, or fedayeen. ------ ''Out of the Ashes'' is based on Dr. Perl's autobiography, ''I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz.'' Producing such a story for television involved several hurdles. There was the challenge of overcoming viewers' potential resistance to yet another Holocaust movie, for example. But Marianne Moloney, one of the executive producers, felt Dr. Perl's story was singular and worthy of attention. ''Not only did she have a great life that was ripped from her,'' Ms. Moloney said, ''she was just not to be denied.'' ------ Despite consumer skepticism, physician resistance and litigation by the pharmaceutical industry to block their use, generic drugs have steadily carved a niche in the health care market. Last year, for the first time, American pharmacists dispensed generic drugs more often than they did brand-name drugs, filling prescriptions with generic products 51 percent of the time, according to IMS Health, a pharmaceutical information company based in Plymouth Meeting, Pa. ------ ''If we put up resistance, will we have to go to the back of the line?'' asked Jerry Puiia of Glastonbury. ------ In Iraq, we should assume that the tensions of reconstruction will be formidable, magnified by the religious, ethnic and cultural differences that separate the West from the Middle East. In addition, the mutual recriminations will likely be intense. Honest citizens will hang their heads in shame at what happened to their society. Yet they won't be able to stop themselves from subconsciously blaming their liberators for having forced their country's dirty laundry into such a public display. In Iraq, this may be doubly galling, as its citizens had been told for years that they were symbols of anti-American resistance for the whole Arab world. ------ Creating a new national mythology will not be easy. As France emerged from the war, de Gaulle perceived that a heroic and highly inaccurate myth -- that France liberated itself -- was essential to bind his country's wounds. A patchy resistance movement against the German occupiers gave him just enough material to make his case. In Iraq, however, where the opposition was terrorized for years, there is, lamentably, far less material for myth-making. ------ Added standing, the theory goes, could provide political muscle to beat swords into bigger tax cuts. Not to mention permission to drill for oil in the Arctic, enact tort reform, confirm new judges and secure victory on other issues where the popular war-time president has run into stiffer than anticipated resistance on the home front. ------ Coalition maneuver operations focused on increasing stability south of Baghdad to enable humanitarian assistance and on conducting combat operations to clear zones within Baghdad. V Corps and First Marine Expeditionary Force forces expanded into the areas that are shown on this image, using the same convention we've used in the last few days. These are areas where new operations occurred in the last 24 hours. You can see there's a significant increase in the southern area because of the addition of one more unit -- in this case, the 101st Airborne Division. In some cases there were pockets of resistance encountered, and those were defeated. ------ On March 27, Lt. Gen. William S. Wallace, commander of the Army's V Corps, said bad weather and the unexpected resistance of the Iraqi forces had slowed the advance and increased the chances of a longer war than military planners had forecast. ''The enemy we're fighting is a bit different than the one we war-gamed against because of those paramilitary forces,'' General Wallace said. ------ But the fighting proved much tougher than expected. Umm Qasr was declared captured during the first 24 hours of the ground war, but unexpectedly stiff resistance from Iraqi forces within the city continued for several days, delaying the opening of the port for aid supplies. The first two American combat deaths came on March 21 in Umm Qasr. One marine was killed in fighting near the port, another near an oil pumping station outside the city. ------ All these actions were designed to undercut the continuing resistance; more important, they were aimed at the minds of the uneasy civilian population. ------ American commanders have said they lack the troops to curb the looting while their focus remains on the battles across Baghdad that are necessary to mop up pockets of resistance from paramilitary forces loyal to Mr. Hussein. ------ Now, American commanders are trying to eliminate several major pockets of Iraqi military resistance. The capture of Tikrit is not the only objective of the multipronged American offensive that was set in motion today and could represent the final phase of the war. ------ Because of its central role for the Iraqi government, there may be determined Iraqi resistance in Tikrit, but American intelligence officers do not know just what to expect. Tough resistance would be more likely if the city is defended by paramilitary groups and not just Iraqi military forces. ------ At the same time, American forces are trying to eliminate two other major pockets of resistance. Iraq's 12th Armored Brigade has been a focus of concern in recent days. It is stationed at Ramadi, where it guarded the western approaches to Baghdad. American helicopter gunships were poised to attack that brigade. ------ Progress on these diverse fronts will effectively expand the zone of American control to the north and west of Baghdad and eliminate a pocket of resistance to the east. It follows the collapse of the Iraqi defense of Kirkuk and Mosul farther north. The capture of those northern cities still needs to be consolidated by the arrival of more American troops -- possibly those of the Fourth Infantry Division, which is getting ready for operations in Iraq. ------ One remaining objective is Kut, a town to the southeast of Baghdad and a former hotbed of resistance. There have reports in recent days that several hundred paramilitary troops were holed up in the town. But local leaders say that that the paramilitary units are no longer in the city and that they are willing to allow American marines into it. American military officials are working to clarity the status of the city. ------ The operation appears to be shaping up as the last major engagement of the war. American commanders in Baghdad said they expected serious resistance from the holdouts, who are thought to include several senior members of the Republican Guard and possibly senior members of Mr. Hussein's government. ------ General Austin said the resistance was adamant, yet the Iraqis ''never had a significant impact.'' He also made a point about American technology, saying it overcame the problems of blinding sandstorms that reduced visibility to a few feet. ------ Sgt. Harold L. English, a squad leader with the brigade's Second Battalion of the Seventh Infantry, had his own theory for the resistance, having fought in the first war against Iraq 12 years ago. ------ If Kut falls the way many of the southern cities have fallen, silently, then a host of questions arise for the reconstruction. Where did the resistance go? Will they reform as some sort of paramilitary gang, the kind that plagues Serbia? Will they plunder when the marines are gone? Or will they forget the whole thing and become contributing members of society? ------ That evening, there was much discussion of knots and tactics. Rett Foster, of Clayton, N.Y., extolled the action imparted to the fly by a loop knot and I agreed. Next day, when Juan called out two nice permit way up the flat, I had tied on my crab fly with a loop. I reached out as far as I could cast with my 10 weight and led the fish. He tipped down on the fly. His mouth opened. I struck, felt momentary resistance, and that was all. ------ I was just finishing a first novel, but before it was done I started writing the second. I did not understand right away that the second novel was about him, that he and his life were the main thread around which all else was woven, that the other characters were peripheral, there only to illuminate him. Slowly and with much resistance on my part he took over the book. ------ Mr. Abbas has assembled a proposed list of ministers that would take crucial ministries, including those in charge of security and justice, out of the hands of men tied to Yasir Arafat. As details of the proposal spread today, it met resistance from Mr. Arafat, whose anger, and that of other leaders of his Fatah movement, delayed the scheduled presentation of the list to Al Fatah's central committee, Palestinian politicians said. ------ In recent months, the Russian government has claimed to have all but wiped out organized guerrilla resistance within Chechnya and has said it is beginning a large-scale program to restore life in the region to normal. Many thousands of refugees in nearby Ingushetia are being prodded to return, sometimes under protest. The government said Chechens voted overwhelmingly in favor of a pro-Russian constitution re-establishing civil rule in Chechnya in a referendum in late March. ------ The past 25 days have been among the most stressful, emotional and turbulent of the second Bush White House, from the first, audacious attempt to kill Mr. Hussein to the toppling of his statue to the discovery today of seven prisoners of war. A White House that worships order had to react to the chaos of war and a script that kept changing. Sandstorms, unexpected resistance from the enemy and verbal grenades lobbed at the war plan by armchair generals at times forced the White House into a defensive crouch. ------ By midweek, critics were beginning to question the relatively small size of the allied force in Iraq and to ask why the C.I.A. had not foreseen the fierce paramilitary resistance in the south. Mr. Bush's aides say the president never shared those doubts, even as he was pressing them incessantly for updates. When a reporter was visiting one top aide for 20 minutes that Tuesday, the president called twice pressing for new details. ------ That a small group of perhaps 15 or 20 Iraqi soldiers tried to attack an American armored column suggests that the resistance in Tikrit may prove to be stiffer than what American forces have encountered in other areas. ------ No casualty figures were available tonight for either side, although Colonel Sinclair said his force had made significant progress toward its objective, which he described as ''to kill all the people who need to be killed.'' He described those people as Iraqis who were still trying to offer armed resistance. ------ In many cases, Arabs now live in homes seized from Kurds years ago. A central component of the Kurdish resistance to Mr. Hussein was a commitment to the freedom of Kirkuk and the restoration of traditional property to Kurds. ------ But elsewhere in the world, the United States is being seen in a new way, as the latest -- and perhaps most powerful -- of the imperialist powers that bestrode the globe over the centuries. As evidence, critics cite not just the sudden collapse of Iraqi resistance, but the stunning American military triumphs in recent years, in Afghanistan, Kosovo and in the Persian Gulf war of 1991. ------ ''The availability of resistance exercise equipment in fitness clubs creates opportunities for additional unsupervised strengthening exercise,'' the study said, ''and contributes to assumptions that such exercise is without risk and that 'more' must be better.'' ------ That, experts said, is a good example of a leading theory about superspreaders -- that their infective powers are not genetic, but are due simply to unhappy coincidences. They have shedding sores in the throat that make their coughs extra deadly. They have no symptoms and feel well enough to go out. They have an occupation like flight attendant, doctor or prostitute that involves close contact with many strangers. Or they get sick while in a group of people with low resistance. ------ Scientists say the properties that make the chemicals attractive to industry -- their chemical stability and resistance to high temperatures -- may potentially have serious effects on the environment. ------ Several city officials said this resistance to granting concessions explained why the savings package proposed by the unions contained so little that was meaningful. ------ And if there were any concerns about how the White House was waging this war, they fell with Baghdad. For example, in the space of two weeks, there has been a turnaround in the number of Americans who believe the United States correctly assessed the resistance it would encounter from the Iraqis. Fifty-nine percent now say the United States was accurate in its prewar assessment, compared to 31 percent who said it underestimated the fight the Iraqis would put up. And 44 percent said there were fewer casualties than they had expected. ------ In this attack, toward Tikrit, the force met little resistance in the towns of Baquba on the east side of the Tigris River and Samarra. And I'll just point those out again. Baquba on the eastern side of the Tigris River, along the Diyala, and Samarra along the Tigris River, further to the west. ------ Where we do find them, they're well armed. We think that some of the explosive vests were meant for them. And in the over 300 vests we found there were indications that some had already been removed. Up to 80 were not accounted for. And so we certainly recognize that there are still threats. Even though there's not organized regime resistance, there are individuals who may be willing to carry on acts of violence and acts of terrorism without regard to any ideology or any national cause. ------ There was a fight, to be sure; it took most of Sunday and most of the night. But when daylight came and marines began to move, the fierce resistance anticipated here gave way to empty streets. Mr. Hussein's men were gone. ------ ''There wasn't a lot of resistance,'' Maj. Chris Snyder said. ''We're not sure where they all went.'' ------ With the war, Mr. Assad made some rather pointed remarks, expressing the wish that the United States would either be defeated militarily or forced to flee by internal resistance. His comments clearly had some resonance across the Arab world. At a demonstration at Al Azhar mosque in Cairo last Friday, the chant booming off the walls was ''Bashar, Bashar, set the world on fire!'' ------ There will never be a popular time to close firehouses, even those that may be anachronisms rooted in population patterns and manpower decisions from a century ago. Innate resistance to change was evident in a sign at the Harlem rally: ''No F.D.N.Y. cutbacks. Not now. Not next year. Never.'' It bore the logo of the Uniformed Firefighters Association. ------ Still, the resistance of the G.O.P. dissenters is not acceptable in Mr. Bush's renewed detaxation mania, and those Republicans must stand fast against selling out as the White House sends a platoon of emissaries to the states to lobby for the maximum cut. ------ Last month, for example, Mr. Grasso encountered sharp resistance to his proposal that Sanford I. Weill, the chairman of Citigroup, join the exchange's board to represent the investing public. Mr. Weill bowed out after Eliot Spitzer, the New York attorney general, protested that appointing Mr. Weill to represent the public would be a ''gross misjudgment and a violation of trust.'' Salomon Smith Barney, one of the nation's largest brokerage firms and a Citigroup subsidiary, recently agreed to pay $350 million in fines to settle the investigation brought by securities regulators into conflicts of interest among research analysts on Wall Street. ------ But in the last three months, the president's plan has come under heavy resistance from Democrats and even members of Mr. Bush's own party, who argue that large tax cuts at a time of an expensive war and growing deficits are irresponsible and that they would do little to stimulate the economy. ------ In Washington today, President Bush declared ''the regime of Saddam Hussein is no more.'' But he cautioned that there was still armed resistance in some parts of Iraq. ------ The resistance to a larger tax cut by two Republican senators, Olympia J. Snowe of Maine and George V. Voinovich of Ohio, was what caused the budget to be constructed the way it was in the first place, with one tax cut number for the Senate and another for the House. So Republicans, in concert with a re-engaged president and White House operation, will either have to persuade the two senators to change their minds or lean on some other opponents to switch. ------ But he was not able to overcome stubborn resistance to the planned merger mounted by the Ruben Berta Foundation, a nonprofit trust that is meant to represent the interests of Varig's approximately 18,000 employees. ------ Mr. Carmichael said he was aware of the resistance he would probably face as a result of proposing changes to the standards auditors must follow in reviewing financial reports of public companies. ------ But the officials said that the American units still face pockets of resistance in Qaim and in some other locations, and they have yet to enter some towns. ------ It is impossible to know how many martyr declarations were gathered. At the party headquarters in this city of 25,000, 46 such statements were on file. Yet the quick collapse of Iraqi resistance and the relatively low number of suicide attacks suggests that loyalty to Mr. Hussein was thin. ------ During the remainder of the session, the only panelist to venture a defense of theory -- or mention a literary genre -- was Mr. Bhabha. ''There are a number of people around the table here and a number of people in the audience, in fact most of you here are evidence that intellectual work has its place and its uses,'' he insisted. ''Even a poem in its own oblique way is deeply telling of the lives of the world we exist in. You can have poems that are intimately linked with political oppositional movements, poems that actually draw together people in acts of resistance.'' ------ As Ms. Lebsock herselfs writes, the Pollard case is a ''sad coming-of-age story for Virginia.'' It is evidence that ''for the roughly 40 years between emancipation and disfranchisement, our Southern story must include considerable division and ambivalence among whites, a hundred forms of resistance among blacks, and at times coalition across the race divide.'' Too bad most of that explanation and analysis is confined to her final chapters and afterword. ------ The frustrated Americans have referred to the chain-smoking cleric as a clown, a false prophet, a sham holy man, a boob. But the more they slander him, the mightier his stature and his message of resistance to American domination seem to become. ------ It seems that the more Mr. Abbas's presence grows, the slipperier the Americans' grip on power and the good will of Kut residents becomes. In front of the destroyed grand mosque today, more than 5,000 gathered in prayer, an offense punishable by torture just a month ago. But rather than hail the forces that had made such gatherings possible, the cleric called for resistance against the dividers, an oblique reference to the Americans. ------ ''The U.S. is facing a pretty stiff resistance from other members of the Council on this,'' a European diplomat said. ''The U.S. position is, 'We're there in Iraq and it's going to be our effort, and maybe someone from the U.N. can come in and give it a blessing.' That's not going to fly.'' ------ The situation was further complicated on the north side of the Diyala bridge, because what was left of the Iraqi resistance had resorted to guerrilla tactics. The Iraqis still firing on the marines were not wearing uniforms. They would fire a few shots from a window, drop their weapons, run away as though they were civilians, then go to another location where they had hidden other weapons and fire those. ------ For the Joint Chiefs, the fog of war was lifted to a much greater extent. The trillions of megabytes of real-time data that flowed from the front lines to mission control were an exponential increase over transmissions in the 1991 campaign, giving generals in distant Doha and as far away as the Pentagon virtually unprecedented knowledge of battle conditions, resistance, losses and enemy positions. Decisions could be made more remotely, field commanders observed more closely and middlemen effectively cut out of the chain of command for the sake of speed and efficiency. One indication of how remote-controlled this war was: 68 percent of the bombs were precision-guided. ------ But within the ranks, there are enormous pockets of resistance. In large measure, this is because officers build their careers by believing in the technology they have seen perform in battle. They are suspicious of new things being foisted on them by procurement officials, and there is historical basis for this distrust. The Patriot missile, to choose a recent example, proved almost completely ineffective in 1991 in large part because it was rushed into battle. ''People are making all these promises, and they really haven't a clue if they can deliver,'' says Chuck Spinney, who has worked at the Pentagon for 26 years. ------ ''Over the past two months,'' Mr. DeMaria said, ''we are seeing some resistance to high prices. Homes that are priced right will still sell within a week or two, but overpriced listings will sit, which was not the case a few months ago, when everything was selling.'' ------ When a fellow Marine evacuation doctor and I spoke to commanders about the wisdom of the mission, we were met with resistance. ''It's just marines trying to help marines,'' came the response to our suggestion that the helicopter pilots were making bad tactical decisions. But my aviation background and my colleague's time as an officer in the Special Forces eventually helped our case. So, too, did common sense. The novelty of being fired on gradually wore off for many of the Marine pilots; the wisdom of not risking lives and equipment for minor injuries became self-evident. By the end of the conflict, communication between field and base over when to launch had improved, as had basic decision-making. ------ Melville T. Miller, a Hellfighter from Brooklyn died old, so he was around at age 75 to appear (with only mild resistance) in Mr. Miles's documentary. He recalled marching through a liberated town in Alsace-Lorraine at the end of the war. ''The people was on both sides and they were waving,'' Mr. Miller said. ''Now whether they were happy we were there or cheering out of fear, trying to win us over, I have no way of telling. But that day the sun was shining and we were marching and the band was playing and everybody's head was held high. We were proud to be American. We were proud to be black. We were proud to be in the New York State 15th Infantry. What's your next question?'' ------ The First R.C.T. went into Nasiriya, marines recalled ''with all our guns blazing,'' after the Iraqis mounted unexpected resistance. ------ Resentment could eventually spawn a resistance effort by unconventional forces inside and outside Iraq, just as the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 spawned the Hezbollah movement. If Mr. Hussein or his sons are indeed alive, they could lead such an effort, and even suspicions that they are alive, kept in play by things like the Abu Dhabi tape, can foster political restlessness. ------ The most severe clash between on-the-ground reports and official accounts in Washington came with comments from some commanders that Iraqi resistance had caught them off guard during Week 2. ------ Applause drops off sharply overseas. A Lebanese television station has introduced its news report with a recording of Mr. Rumsfeld boasting of precision bombing overlaid with scenes of bleeding civilians. A recent cartoon in the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram showed Mr. Rumsfeld flashing a victory sign, while behind him a United States soldier was punched by the Iraqi resistance springing out of a jack-in-the-box. ------ King Abdullah II of Jordan, who came to Iraq as a young man with his father, King Hussein, told a group of American reporters a few weeks before the war began that the conflict could be over in seven days. In the end, it took nearly four times that long, and American troops, at almost every step of their 350-mile drive from Kuwait, met resistance from Hussein loyalists, and reluctance to assist on the part of Shiites who felt betrayed by the lack of American support for their uprising in 1991. ------ But of popular resistance to Mr. Hussein, until the end, there was virtually no sign. Reporters taken out to see American bombing targets found crowds gathered beside blasted telephone exchanges, in neighborhoods where bunker-busting bombs had left 60-foot craters, and at two marketplaces where dozens of civilians died. At a marketplace in the western Shuala district of Baghdad, where officials said 62 people were killed, many of them women and children, there were signs that the weapon might have been an Iraqi antiaircraft missile gone astray, or an American missile lured by placing an Iraqi air defense radar nearby. ------ The mutinous legislators, emboldened by their open defiance of the government, are expected to coalesce around resistance to reforms Mr. Blair is proposing in the most critical area of his domestic agenda: the delivery of public services. ------ Mr. Blair confided that he had also worried, during the second week of the war, that it might be longer and bloodier than anticipated. ''There were moments when it looked like we were getting bogged down, and 10 days in, you were worried how long was this going to go,'' he said. ''Had we miscalculated the degree of the depth of resistance?'' ------ The public has been disappointed by the lack of visible progress in these areas despite a series of stage-managed announcements of goals and new financing. Mr. Blair has encountered resistance within his party to changes like establishing independent hospitals within the National Health Service, imposing university tuition fees and assigning private contractors to carry out public works. ------ No one got the level of resistance quite right. We doves correctly foresaw that the war would not be a cakewalk, but for all our hand-wringing, there was never prolonged street-to-street fighting in Baghdad. ------ But more than a dozen players interviewed over the last month questioned whether the union's resistance to broader drug testing really reflected the views of the majority of players. ------ General Hahn said the Army was especially pleased that the recent curfew order in Baghdad, from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., was met with virtually no resistance from the Iraqis. ------ The resistance is even more striking given that so few lost pets are reunited with their owners -- only 2 percent of lost cats and 15.8 percent of lost dogs, according to the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy (www.petpopulation.org), a consortium of humane societies and animal control groups. Pet experts agree that return rates can be significantly higher if a pet has a microchip. Mr. Knox says it could be at least four times as high. ------ In many ways South Africa has been a special case among sub-Saharan countries, with its history of white minority rule, brutally applied segregation, and its popular struggle to reverse these conditions. During apartheid, artists played a prominent role in the resistance movement by giving visual form to volatile ideas. Much of their work was unapologetically single-minded. Its mission was change, absolute and immediate. ------ But that is only part of the picture. The market in polished diamonds is worth around $60 billion, and half of it is in the United States, where De Beers is effectively barred from doing business by the Justice Department's antitrust inquiries. Jonathan Oppenheimer insists the company is far more squeaky clean than Washington seems to think. After initial resistance, De Beers played a prominent part in a campaign to outlaw ''blood diamonds'' -- as conflict diamonds are sometimes called -- and insists its new strategy is a departure from its cartel-like practices. ------ In the aftermath of the Iraq war it's time to re-examine the ban on women in American front-line forces. Women are barred from about 30 percent of active-duty positions, and there's still a deep emotional resistance to exposing American women to deadly violence. ------ Mr. Bush also said the resistance faced by American troops in southern Iraq in the conflict's first weeks was fiercer than he had expected, an admission that seemed at odds with the Pentagon's insistence at the time that the war was unfolding according to plan. ------ In describing the war from his perspective, Mr. Bush combined acknowledgments of doubts and pressures with accounts of dramatic moments and humor, including his fascination with the relentlessly upbeat accounts of heroic Iraqi resistance provided by the information minister, Muhammad Said al-Sahhaf. ------ The result was that American forces faced ''significant resistance,'' the president said. ------ If Mr. Ghobadi's dominant theme is the devastation of the Kurds, his subdominant tone is one of strength, resistance and fertility. Communities are destroyed, but families are created as all three men forge new emotional alliances, either by falling in love or adopting children. The Kurdish nation, Mr. Ghobadi suggests, is really the Kurdish family, extending in all directions through a region in which everyone seems to know, or at least to have heard of, everyone else. DAVE KEHR ------ Partly as a result of that repression, the Communist Party here became a kind of catch-all opposition group, one with a reputation that rested more on its resistance to Mr. Hussein's rule than its ideas for managing political power and national wealth. ------ Another diplomat agreed, saying, ''My suspicion is that there is likely to be initial resistance in the Council mainly on control of the oil.'' The Bush administration moved quickly to coalesce around a proposal in part because it feared being pre-empted by countries like France and Russia, each of which floated quite different ideas this week. ------ The task force's proposed narrowing of its mission statement -- now, essentially for Olympians and Paralympians to win medals -- was met with resistance by groups representing Pan American and deaf athletes. ------ The next night, over sushi, Mr. Duers tried out an age-old line on the wary Ms. Gundell. ''I said, 'I'd love to see how a single woman on the Upper West Side lives,' '' he recalled. Ms. Gundell, whose brother was staying with her at the apartment, surprised Mr. Duers by putting up little resistance. ''When I said, 'Great, you'll get to hang out with my brother Andy,' '' she recalled, ''I could see the color fade from Grant's face.'' After he gave her ''a sort of hug,'' he headed back to his hotel. Nonetheless, she added, ''chemistry ignited.'' ------ That may offer some reassurance to Americans who watched the events in Karbala last week and wondered if the freedom to indulge in ritualistic self-mortification was the cause for which more than 100 American soldiers died. Had America played with the fire of fundamentalism once again, as it had with the Afghan resistance to the Soviets more than a decade ago? ------ Northern Iraq has long had a small cadre of jihad fighters, including some who Kurdish intelligence officials say trained in western Pakistan in the 1980's, when the United States was underwriting the guerrilla resistance against the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. ------ But recent surveys have shown resistance among Latinos to racial classification. Almost half the respondents to a national survey last year by the Pew Hispanic Center and the Kaiser Family Foundation said they would rather answer ''Hispanic'' or ''Latino'' -- and leave it at that -- than choose from the standard racial categories. ------ This resistance to racial categorization worries some advocates for minority groups. ------ Several obstacles to treatment exist, including cost, training bias, resistance to radiosurgery and the belief ''that brain disease is hopeless,'' Dr. Lunsford said. ------ ''I asked him to come to the trenches of resistance with Hamas,'' Dr. Rantisi said of Mr. Abbas. ''He said nothing, I said nothing.'' ------ The second Persian Gulf war was America's largest campaign since Vietnam, and its outcome was never in doubt. But in their hour of triumph Americans must not forget that Saddam Hussein's army was a third-rate force that put up sixth-rate resistance. At the same time the United States has discovered that organizing a functioning military government is no less challenging than waging a military campaign. To be up to its new multirole mission, the American military needs to move even faster away from its cold war model. ------ The speech of the new prime minister, Mahmoud Abbas, to the Legislative Council yesterday was promising. He not only denounced terror, but he also acknowledged Jewish suffering and concerns. But as the events that followed so tragically illustrated, much more than words will be required of him and of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Israel to surmount the last 31 months of violence. Both face powerful resistance -- Mr. Abbas from militant rejectionists, Mr. Sharon from his right wing, which demands that the peace plan, called the road map, be rewritten into a set of conditions the Palestinians must meet before the Israelis make any concession. ------ It was not clear if, in condemning terrorism, Mr. Abbas included attacks on Israeli soldiers and settlers in the West Bank and Gaza. Palestinians overwhelmingly consider such violence legitimate resistance to occupation, but Israel calls it terrorism. ------ Another legislator, Abdel Jawad Saleh, said Mr. Abbas erred in not calling for nonviolent resistance to Israel. ''You should be a Gandhi,'' he said, as the suicide bomber was making his way toward Mike's Place. ------ ''Do we find resistance sometimes? Sure,'' said Admiral Giambastiani. ''Do we have to bash our way through the bureaucracy? You bet. But there is goodness in that. It's good to have give and take. But you have to make progress.'' ------ Faced with resistance within the royal family, the crown prince has so far taken a very cautious approach to political reform. He would begin with elected provincial assemblies, with only men voting. An elected national legislature would be six years away. Bolder, faster changes are needed. ------ Mr. Atwan said the arrival of the letter had not surprised him. ''Three days ago we received a letter from the Iraqi resistance leadership telling us that Saddam Hussein is still alive and he was going to address the Iraqi people within 72 hours, so we were expecting something,'' he said. ------ He said he would never kill women or children. Shiite beliefs, he said, allow revenge, almost demand it. Plus, he said, he considered killing members of an oppressive government ''some sort of resistance.'' ------ A former prime minister, Mr. Netanyahu says he wants to remake the Israeli economy by lowering taxes and creating incentives for the private sector to grow. But he is meeting stiff resistance in a country founded on socialist principles, and where many citizens are accustomed to extensive social programs. ------ In an experiment giving tobacco plants the readily detectable trait of resistance to antibiotics, he spliced a gene necessary for photosynthesis to one from an enzyme that deactivates the antibiotic chloramphenicol; he then spliced this hybrid to the altered Agrobacterium and inserted it into tobacco seedlings. The resulting plants resisted the antibiotic only when they received light. Though the experiment had no practical value for the tobacco plant, it was an important step in developing genes that act only in specific plant tissues or in specific parts of growing plants. ------ Today, biotechnology is used to endow plants with resistance to disease, environmental stresses and chemicals, creating crops that can survive in harsher environments and produce greater yields. Genetic engineering of food, however, has drawn widespread opposition, especially in Europe. ------ Residents are wondering who is firing. Iraqi soldiers put up little resistance when Americans advanced into the city, avoiding a potentially bloody urban war. Are those fighters now mounting a guerrilla offensive? Or is it religious groups angry at the American occupiers? Or is it possibly criminals who, freed from Saddam Hussein's jails before he fell, are now back at their trade? ------ ''America didn't have any resistance from the Iraqi Army, because we know who Saddam Hussein is -- we don't fight for him,'' he said. His brother, standing by, had suffered the amputation of part of his ear for missing two days of military service. ''But if America doesn't deliver what it promised, Baghdad will be a grave for American soldiers.'' ------ After the Israelis subdued most of the Palestinian resistance, they again called on Mr. Abu Hein and two of his brothers, also Hamas militants, to send out the dozens of family members in the house and then surrender. The demand was met by renewed bursts of gunfire from the three brothers, who barricaded themselves on the roof. ------ ''Yesterday they were talking about peace; today we wake up to this massacre,'' said Haleema Radwan, an elderly woman frantically looking for a wounded nephew at Shifa Hospital. ''Abu Mazen should not take the weapons from the resistance groups and try to make peace at the expense of the Palestinians.'' ------ Most of the resistance to Mr. Hannas's argument, however, comes from linguists who say he is trying to revive a discredited theory about the connection between language and thought. The idea that the language you speak affects how you think dates back at least to Wittgenstein. But it was most famously associated with two 20th-century American linguists, Edward Sapir and his student, Benjamin Lee Whorf. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, developed in the 1930's, the mental categories by which people perceive the world are determined by their language, so that people who speak different languages can be expected to think differently. ------ Like the Roman Catholic clergy in Communist Poland, Shiite leaders in Iraq became the main font of resistance to Mr. Hussein's repressive government, and were long persecuted for their stand. Now that Mr. Hussein is gone, the Shiites appear to have an undisputed moral authority in wide areas. Across Iraq, including large parts of Baghdad, Shiite leaders have begun to assert control and take up essential public services. ------ The men and women who make films need to put up more resistance to the rising tide of interactivity, because, ''Casablanca'' notwithstanding, there's no guarantee that the fundamental things will continue to apply as time goes by. The more ''interactive'' we allow our experience of art -- any art -- to become, the less likely it is that future generations will appreciate the necessity of art at all. Interactivity is an illusion of control; but understanding a work of art requires a suspension of that illusion, a provisional surrender to someone else's vision. To put it as simply as possible: If you have to be in total control of every experience, art is not for you. Life probably isn't, either. Hey, where's the alternate ending? ------ For instance, it looked at the proportion of owner-occupied apartments as opposed to sponsor or investor-held units. A building that has more owner-occupied apartments is generally considered more financially stable. And a corollary factor, Mr. Miller said, ''is resistance by lending institutions to provide apartment loans in those buildings with a higher investor-sponsor concentration.'' A building with 20 percent or more investor or sponsor-held apartments experienced a discount of 1.63 percent in a condominium, and 0.15 percent in co-ops. ------ One former officer, Michael Beerbower, is to stand trial on May 19 on charges that he punched a sailor he had handcuffed outside a bar. Another officer was accused of pepper-spraying a suspect who was offering no resistance, a third reportedly beat a man with a baton, and two more officers were accused of falsifying reports about the beating. ------ One involved Lt. Al Flowers, who resigned last year after the state attorney's office found that in 1998 he had told a subordinate to falsify the record of an arrest in which he pepper-sprayed a man who was offering no resistance. ------ The idea of confrontation with Hezbollah is extremely delicate in a country that suffered 15 years of civil war among sectarian groups. Lebanon's government and military consider Hezbollah a legitimate resistance force to Israel, which they say occupies a tiny patch of land called Shebaa Farms. ------ Mr. Dohnanyi, urbane and deeply thoughtful, is an adventurer and a provocateur, as keenly engaged with the music of the Second Viennese school as with that of the First. Though surrounded by politics from his youth, when his family was instrumental in the resistance to Hitler, to his adulthood, when his brother was mayor of Hamburg, he has largely remained outside that fray. ------ While Mr. Zoellick said there was still resistance to American proposals to reduce trade barriers, particularly in agriculture and particularly from the French, he was leaving Europe ''with some slight additional optimism.'' ------ Ms. France has made the magazine's embrace of Everywoman and its resistance to celebrity key components of Lucky's identity since it first appeared in December 2000. But she said she is willing to give the famous-face gambit a chance. ------ ''I doubt anyone would answer their call, for as long as there is occupation, no one can even propose disarming the resistance,'' Reuters quoted Sheik Hassan Izzedine, a senior official of Hezbollah, as saying. ''We are not worried a bit about the future.'' ------ The festival has helped support both traditions; its proceeds subsidize police escorts for neighborhood parades through the year. Jazzfest has also permanently changed the Mardi Gras Indian calendar. The Indians -- who drew their iconography from Wild West shows, hinting at solidarity with American Indian resistance -- used to unveil their handmade, painstakingly beaded costumes on Mardi Gras morning and then disassemble them. Now they hold on to those costumes through Jazzfest, and some perform year round with their own bands. ------ With Mr. Mandela and 154 others, Mr. Sisulu stood trial for treason. The defendants were acquitted in 1961, but the top leaders of the resistance were arrested again in 1963 at a farm hideout in Rivonia, near Johannesburg, and convicted of conspiring to overthrow the state. Although the government demanded the death penalty, the men were sentenced to life in prison. ------ ''As for the lack of resistance,'' the court added, ''failure to struggle with a cohort of deputy sheriffs is not a waiver of Fourth Amendment protection, which does not require the perversity of resisting arrest or assaulting a police officer.'' ------ Over all, such switches benefit the health system by wringing out unduly high drug prices and unnecessary doctor visits. For Claritin alone, the savings may reach hundreds of millions of dollars a year. The F.D.A. can expect stiff resistance from the drug industry if it tries to force additional switches opposed by manufacturers. But any drug that can safely be sold over the counter ought to be made available without prescription. ------ What is important at present, though, is the friction-generating character of her work. In the era of ''compassionate conservatism,'' as some say gains won by the civil rights movement are unobtrusively rolled back and old emblems of resistance to the establishment are expertly neutralized, her beautiful-scary images keep pieties and prohibitions alike on the hot seat. If people are confused by what she's doing, she seems to say, that's fine. If they're fired up, that's better. It means they're paying attention, which is what any artist, and any political thinker, wants. ------ Hamas said it would respond to the Israeli attack. ''There is no way but to escalate the resistance, and that is what will happen now,'' said Abdel Aziz Rantisi, a Hamas leader in Gaza. ------ Piazza's resistance to even practicing at first base has been clear all along. He has said that Tony Clark, who has replaced Vaughn, is the best first baseman he has ever seen and has said repeatedly that the Mets are best with him behind the plate. ------ Particularly useful is Applebaum's account of the camps during World War II. It was precisely at this time that the system reached its peak of lethality. Fully a quarter of the inmates perished during 1942, but the appetite of the security forces was so insatiable that the gulag's population dropped less than 20 percent. Following the war, whole new categories of inmates flooded into the camps: German P.O.W.'s, anti-Communists from the western borderlands or from the new Soviet empire in Eastern Europe. Little known in the West, some 600,000 Japanese troops fell into Soviet hands, forced to labor for years after the cessation of hostilities; only a fraction ever returned home. Stalin also punished with deportation entire nationalities -- Chechens, Ingush and Crimean Tatars notably -- ostensibly for collaboration with the Nazis but, in fact, Applebaum argues persuasively, to eliminate nationalist resistance to Moscow. ------ Mr. Goldsmith depicts complex linear tangles, adding outlines that further schematize them into reductive designs. Ms. Moser's clustered, bubble-shaped images are more organic, with looping lines that wind in on themselves like coiled springs. Ms. McQuillin's ink drawings on resin-coated paper subtly exploit the resistance of the two media, forcing distortions that recall seismic graphs. ------ Among the sore points for Barry Gibb was family resistance to a suggestion he made five years ago that each group member write and produce for other people. ''Neither Robin nor Maurice would accept that,'' he said. ------ At the same time, in the face of rising unemployment in the West, resistance has also grown to importing high-tech professionals from India. In the short term, that may actually prompt moving more work to India to reduce public resentment. ------ At the Agriculture Department, officials have reclassified research topics relating to industrial farms and health, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens, as ''sensitive.'' As a result, at least one scientist, James Zahn, has left the department. ''It was a choke hold on objective research,'' said Dr. Zahn, who had studied swine and bacteria until he left last fall. ''Originally we were praised for the work we were doing. All of a sudden we were told, no more antibiotic resistance work.'' ------ The sheik also said, when asked about support for an Iraqi resistance to American troops, that ''our position in principle is to support any oppressed people that is subjected to tyranny and occupation,'' but he stopped short of offering specific help. ------ In the rugged hills of southern Lebanon, the group has created what amounts to a theme park of anti-Israeli resistance. Pictures of young men ''martyred'' in attacks on Israelis line the road, like macabre political campaign posters. Images of Shiite clerics abound, including a larger-than-life, double-sided cutout of Ayatollah Khomeini standing on top of a captured Israeli tank. ------ Turning the Fighters into a winner will be a herculean task, even for a man as patient as Hillman. The few non-Japanese managers who have coached here have rarely lasted more than two years, and many have had to overcome huge obstacles, including resistance from players, owners and fans. ------ Stevens officials say they are well aware of this, and Dr. Kunhardt admits there was considerable resistance among the faculty to Technogenesis at first. But he says that any lingering resistance is due misunderstanding the concept. ------ The prime goal of the vaccination campaign remains valid -- to protect enough health workers to investigate any outbreak of smallpox, care for the victims and vaccinate others in danger of being infected. The only issue is how large the cadre of vaccinated personnel needs to be. The initial goal of 500,000 was always a bit arbitrary and now seems wildly unrealistic. With the program slowed by resistance in the medical community and fights over liability and compensation, only about 36,000 people have thus far been vaccinated. ------ When I saw my patient in Papua New Guinea, I felt sorry for her and for us. I saw fear and resistance to change in the face of widening infection. I saw overreaction, as well as reaction that was too little too late. As a doctor and a human, I would never be the same. ------ ''On the other hand,'' he said, ''when we have seen a lack of resistance from the Treasury and other central bank officials to the decline, there is a suggestion that they accept the trend as a reflection of the economic realities of the day.'' ------ As the quality of private satellite resolution has improved in recent years, the government has come to rely more heavily on them, but with that trend has come bureaucratic resistance and occasional in-fighting. ------ ''He's not an ordinary president,'' said Jihan Tarhini, an English teacher who was with third and fourth graders from Al Mustafa school, which is loosely affiliated with Hezbollah. ''He's a Shiite president. He supported the Islamic resistance in the south for liberation. This is the main thing that makes us welcome this president.'' ------ ''I loved the idea of playing first,'' Carter said. ''There was no resistance from me. I wanted to play every day, and that kept me in the lineup.'' ------ Democrats in the Senate and the Assembly and officials in the Republican administration of Mayor Bloomberg said many parts of the proposal stood little chance of becoming law because of political resistance. ------ ''The land of Lebanon holds its head high through the presence of the resistance in this modern age,'' Mr. Khatami said, referring to the Hezbollah militant organization that confronts Israel at Lebanon's southern border. Yet even while calling such resistance legitimate, Mr. Khatami said violence and terrorism in the name of religion ''constitute a great danger.'' ------ The United States has demanded Hezbollah's withdrawal from southern Lebanon and an end to Iranian and Syrian support for Hezbollah, which the Lebanese government embraces as a legitimate resistance force. Hezbollah denies committing terrorist acts, and says its only target is Israel. Hezbollah attacks helped end Israel's 22-year occupation of southern Lebanon in 2000. ------ The ayatollah returned to his hometown of Najaf on Monday after years in exile in Iran as the leader of the opposition Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq. He has already met resistance from one group of clerics, led by Sheik Moktada al-Sadr, who have promoted themselves as the representative of long-suppressed Shiites. ------ Piazza cracked double figures in runs batted in -- he has 11 -- and has hit 342 home runs as a catcher, nine short of Carlton Fisk's record. That chase has likely been a factor in Piazza's resistance to even working out at first base. ------ In the face of at least initial audience resistance, Mr. Mortier remains imperturbable about the need to rethink the classics and in his faith that audiences will eventually respond to the experimentation by him and his successors. ------ While the rebels have justified their resistance in the name of self-determination for the Chechens, he added, ''these crimes are aimed at their own people.'' ------ The attacks this week appeared to have been intended to demonstrate that the separatists planned to continue their resistance against Russian military and security forces, and against Chechens who cooperate with them. ------ But the Israeli forces encountered resistance, ranging from stone-throwing by teenagers to militants firing antitank rockets, and several battles erupted. ------ Prosecutors said Bosnian Serb forces expelled women and children and executed men and boys after capturing the town when Muslim resistance collapsed after years of fighting. The bodies were dumped in mass graves. ------ Congressional Democrats maintain that what Mr. DeLay is really doing is protecting his own job, by using his considerable muscle in Texas as a cushion against the possibility of Republican losses in House elections elsewhere next year. Colorado has just completed its remapping, which would bolster a Republican seat, and Republicans have similarly eyed Georgia but met resistance from Democratic legislators. ------ With a $120 million payroll, the Mets are forced to settle for moral victories. Infielders Rey Sanchez (thumb) and Jay Bell (groin muscle) were limited by injuries today and outfielder Timo Perez could not run because of a strained right calf muscle. Catcher Mike Piazza has finally blossomed offensively the past two games, producing three home runs, but most of the lineup has offered little resistance. After the Mets surrendered the lead today, Tony Clark, Shinjo and Joe McEwing went down in order in the ninth inning. ------ Instead, Indonesia will have to rely on selling the stakes in banks and other assets it acquired when it bailed out the banks during the crisis. Such sales have in the past been delayed by political resistance to foreign takeovers of national assets, but Indonesia last week managed to sell 51 percent of the country's fifth-largest bank to a Singapore-based consortium for nearly $350 million. ------ Described as a musical comedy, ''Les Marches'' (whose title refers to the red-carpet ritual that had concluded half an hour earlier), presents, in no particular order, newsreel and video snippets of festivals past, including a montage of red-carpet mishaps, a close study of the history of movie-star décolletage, manglings of the French language that make Ms. Bellucci sound like Voltaire himself, and sundry other high points and embarrassing moments. Since the 1930's, there have been riots, rainstorms, episodes of individual and collective public drunkenness, resistance from the locals and bulldozers on the city's beaches. (And also, unmentioned in Mr. Jacob's film, the suspension of the festival during World War II, and again in May 1968). But Cannes, then and still, is Cannes. ------ Mr. Anemone, formerly the top-ranking uniformed officer in the Police Department, said, ''I did nothing wrong to deserve this punishment.'' The real reason for the firings, he said, is that the corruption investigations undertaken by him and Mr. Casale ''met with resistance, obstruction and eventually retaliation by M.T.A. management.'' ------ This resistance is likely to heighten pressure on the Japanese central bank to take additional steps to ease monetary policy. In the two months since the bank's new governor, Toshihiko Fukui, took office, the monetary policy board has increased the amount of stocks it will buy from banks, added cash to the money markets, and expanded the range of collateral it will accept at the bank's loan window. ------ But both countries have defied American requests to control Hezbollah, the militant Shiite movement in southern Lebanon. The United States considers it a terrorist group and blames it for the kidnappings and killings of Americans in the 1980's. The Syrians and Lebanese maintain that Hezbollah offers legitimate resistance to the Israeli occupation of a disputed patch of land bordering the Golan Heights. ------ The resistance to Sorenstam playing a PGA Tour event rankles Feherty. ------ Even so, some took the study as proof that education is the most effective weapon against substance abuse. They said that while screening may give rise to a culture of resistance, in which students take pride in beating the test, the best results come from convincing children that most children do not use drugs, making drugs less appealing. ------ Thus, one comes to Francine Prose's first young-adult novel, ''After,'' with high hopes. Prose, an accomplished and celebrated author of adult fiction including the novels ''Blue Angel'' and ''Household Saints,'' portrays the rise of a totalitarian leadership in a high school and the reactions of denial, apathy and resistance that ensue. ------ Mr. Sharon's goal, one of his advisers said, was to demonstrate to Mr. Powell how much resistance he will face if he follows the ''road map'' favored in Washington, a plan that envisions a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza in just three years. Mr. Sharon has serious objections to that plan and wants to change it. ------ The border area controlled by Hezbollah is quiet for now, he said. ''But we do not want the resistance concept to vanish,'' he said. ''We want this idea to live among the Arab people, the Islamic people.'' ------ Mr. Brown's obdurate resistance has revived rumors of a rift between him and Prime Minister Tony Blair, who favors the euro. The two men issued a statement on Friday denying that they were are at loggerheads. ------ A reality backlash seems to have hit network television, even as many of the programs remain among the most popular prime-time shows. One issue is wariness by advertisers regarding the questionable taste of programs like ''Married by America.'' But some producers of reality programming say their genre is meeting resistance from network television's entrenched system of program creation, in which big production studios, talent agencies and networks all conspire to see that scripted comedies and dramas, in which all those groups have a vested financial interest, continue to dominate network prime-time schedules. ------ Once the British realized that the Iraqi resistance had for the most part evaporated, they quickly had to focus on the looting and crime that enveloped the city. ------ We now face a serious choice. Should we continue this technically unsupportable resistance to Indian Point at the expense of addressing other terrorist risks, like a chlorine-based water-treatment facility in Westchester County? Or should Entergy and the counties surrounding the plant work together to fix the minor shortcomings in the Indian Point emergency plan? Let's hope those concerned allow knowledge to win over fear. ------ By late afternoon, no rebel casualties had been reported and troops were meeting minimal resistance, said Maj. Gen. Syafrie Syamsuddin. One Indonesian marine was killed in an accident while landing on a beach in bad weather, he said. ------ Several Iraqi political figures said they now wanted to press ahead with the formation of an interim national assembly that could appoint a provisional government, despite resistance from the Bush administration and Mr. Blair's government. ------ But the approach of Common Sense is likely to run into resistance from the industries it aims to monitor. ------ Carleton Woodworking is housed in an industrial loft with other furniture makers and designers. Well-lighted and clean, it seems to have every imaginable machine. Mr. Graves instructs in a pleasant hands-on manner. His attention to safety (including where to stand to observe his demonstrations) put me at ease right away. He described machines' functions, hardware and proper hand placement while working the wood. He spoke in a physics patois of vectors, torque, variables and resistance: we used a ''triangle marking system'' and ''critical dimensions,'' and did everything we could to avoid ''blowback.'' It all made perfect clever sense. ------ In other news here today, Tagliabue reiterated his commitment to bringing a Super Bowl to the East and said he wanted to hold it in either New York or Washington. The 2007 Super Bowl is headed for Miami. The 2008 game, which will be awarded at league meetings in October, would be the first for either city. Neither has a domed football stadium. Tagliabue says the game could be played outdoors in cold weather, but that idea has met strong resistance from some owners. ------ But such a move would face resistance in Mr. Sharon's cabinet, which is heavily weighted toward conservative and religious parties, experts on Israel say. ------ Mr. Schell brilliantly depicts some of the great revolutionary upheavals, including the Glorious Revolution in England, as well as the French and Russian Revolutions from this angle, showing that these revolutions were themselves mainly nonviolent and that it was only their aftermaths that turned out to be bloody. In many respects, Mr. Schell's real gurus are the architects of resistance in Eastern Europe, especially Vaclav Havel, the playwright and former Czech president; the Polish journalist Adam Michnik; and the Hungarian novelist George Konrad, whose ideas and related movements brought totalitarian regimes to their knees by nonviolent cooperative action. He is also astute in describing the collapse of the Soviet Union and the miraculous, almost bloodless, transformation of the South Africa of apartheid. In addition to the leverage that can be achieved by various forms of nonviolent struggle, Mr. Schell emphasizes the ethos of self-determination as underpinning a politics of resistance to conquest. ------ But in its time there was little dispute that the covert war was one of the most successful C.I.A. operations ever undertaken, a deadly confrontation conducted through a surrogate with the Soviet empire in its death throes. Only a handful of people in the government knew that behind the Afghan resistance was a pirate's crew of misfits, most notably Charlie Wilson himself, whom Crile affectionately profiles as the lawmaker who widened the war through a series of backroom deals on Capitol Hill that were never publicly disclosed or debated. ------ From a few million dollars in the early 1980's, support for the resistance grew to about $750 million a year by the end of the decade. The decisions were made in secret by Wilson and other lawmakers on the appropriations committee. To help make his case, Wilson exploited one of the decade's scandals, the Iran-contra affair, arguing that Democrats who were voting to cut off funding for the contras in Nicaragua could demonstrate their willingness to stand up to the Soviet empire by approving more money for the Afghan fighters. ------ That is changing. The most striking harbinger of transformation is the 10-story steel superstructure of the $324.7 million, two-block-long Bronx Supreme/Criminal Court complex, rising between Sherman and Morris Avenues. In its openness, the framework hints at what will be a remarkably transparent glass facade, by Rafael Viñoly Architects and DMJM. Samples of the glass wall have been tested successfully for bomb blast resistance at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. ------ Simultaneously, the system closes the E-ZPass truck lanes and directs all trucks to a booth where toll takers check them against ''overheight'' bars. After the too-high truck is found, it is sent to the side of the road and the state police are called. Mr. Huang said he met no resistance selling the project to Thruway officials. ''This was pretty easy,'' he said. ''It was the right thing to do.'' A less sophisticated detection system was installed in the mid-1990's at a toll plaza on the Thruway's Niagara extension, near the entrance to the Grand Island bridges. ------ Not all personal trainers are like drill sergeants. Mr. Frank said that his young clients don't always take his advice. Part of the battle with teenagers is their resistance, he said: you tell them something once, twice and then some. ------ ''We'd jump out to the cars, back and forth,'' said Victor Nemetz, 82, a B-24 tailgunner in the Army Air Corps who was shot down near Germany and saved by French resistance fighters. ''Now we're too old for that.'' ------ Also, dozens of Israeli armored vehicles carried out a dawn raid on the refugee camp in the West Bank town of Tulkarm, searching house-to-house for suspected militants. The Israeli forces faced no serious resistance and made several arrests, the military said. Those detained included two American activists with the International Solidarity Movement, a pro-Palestinian group. ------ The State Senate, evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans, has already passed two so-called ''pay-to-play'' bills that would restrict political donations by those who do business with the state and limit contributions by county and municipal party organizations. Even though the measures have met resistance in the Democratic-controlled General Assembly, the governor is pushing for a stronger bill, which would require far more financial disclosure by lawmakers and contain a stricter conflict-of-interest provision. Cathy Ellis, a spokeswoman for Mr. McGreevey, said the governor was sincerely interested in passing the strongest bill possible. ------ About the same time that the general's order was issued, a crucial battle of the Iraqi war was unfolding. The United States Army had arrived at a Tigris River bridge on the edge of Baghdad to find Iraqi tanks and armored personnel carriers positioned at the other end. A deadly crossfire ensued. A call for help went out, and despite heavy clouds and fog, down the river came two A-10's at an altitude of less than 1,000 feet, spitting out a mix of armor-piercing and explosive bullets at the rate of 3,900 rounds per minute. The Iraqi resistance was obliterated. This was a classic case of ''close air support.'' ------ Viruses can replicate rapidly and, in many cases sloppily, giving rise to mutations that make them resistant to drugs, though bacteria can also evolve resistance. And for fast-moving viral infections like flu or a cold, a drug must be very powerful to make a difference before the disease runs its natural course. ------ The proposal never reached a city council vote. Support faded in the face of fierce resistance from The Times, whose publisher lobbied the council himself, arguing that it would be unfair for El Diario to receive tax incentives that were not given to Gannett when it expanded in El Paso in the 1990's. ------ The Bush administration responded by accepting that the Chechen resistance was linked to international terrorism -- but that was it. President Bush promised to work to persuade Congress to revoke the obsolete Jackson-Vanik legislation, which threatens economic sanctions against Russia because of emigration policies not followed since the Soviet era, but so far he has failed. In the year following the attacks of 9/11, the Bush administration abandoned the ABM treaty with Russia and then supported the enlargement of NATO. ------ The United States has relatively little to offer Mr. Putin. After years of discussion about American-Russian energy development, the Russian oil sector is doing well on its own. Russia's attempt to enter the World Trade Organization has, unfortunately, encountered domestic resistance and no longer tops the meeting's agenda. And after four years of annual economic growth averaging about 6 percent, the Russian economy requires no financial aid. ------ One resident who said he was a former brigadier in the armed forces of Saddam Hussein said that residents were carrying out organized resistance and that they would keep attacking American forces until dead Iraqis were avenged. ------ While many cities in Iraq have returned to a measure of normality, Falluja has become a bastion of resistance and hostility to occupation. ------ Mr. Bush, his aides say, has no illusions about the resistance he will encounter -- from Europeans still bitter about Iraq, Arabs deeply suspicious of Mr. Bush's Middle East road map, and many others still resentful of American power. ------ Not surprisingly, some new residences have been greeted with resistance. Some neighbors tried to stop the Teahouse from being built, according to Mr. Marterer, by complaining to their local council that it was too modern. And when a futuristic glass tube designed by Georg Driendl was built in a nearby part of town, one longtime resident declared that the area had gone ''kaput.'' But most neighbors have been surprisingly tolerant of the newcomers. ------ ''Arguments that low-yield weapons serve U.S. interests because they produce less collateral damage and are therefore more usable than high-yield weapons are shortsighted,'' a group of eight prominent nuclear scientists wrote in a letter sent to senators recently. Democrats said they would press their resistance when opportunities present themselves. ------ Advocates argue that such policies have become conventional wisdom, helping governments around the world make ends meet while encouraging conservation. Not only here in South Africa, however, but also in other developing countries like Bolivia, Ecuador and Argentina, privatization and water pricing have met strong resistance and public protests. ------ The Fourth Infantry Division, which is deployed north of Baghdad, also has responsibility for the area from Tikrit to Kirkuk and toward the Iranian border. Its soldiers also monitor the Mujahedeen Khalq, the Iranian resistance movement that has turned over its heavy weapons and stays in designated areas northeast of Baghdad. There have been a series of attacks by rocket propelled grenades and a recent drive-by shooting directed against the Fourth Infantry Division. Citing the large area it has to cover, the division has asked the V Corps to send more forces up north, officials said. ------ Wear resistance is often tested with a device called an automated buttock that slides a weighted humanlike form back and forth across the seat to simulate years of use. ------ ''It was a strange thing for the banks,'' said a financial investigator with the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement in New York who spoke on condition of anonymity. ''There was resistance initially, because they weren't exactly sure what to do. They'd never seen something like this before.'' ------ Ms. Colley, meanwhile, dismisses the idea that nationalism can come about only with literacy and a nation of voting citizens. ''I think you have to look at religion as a crucial part of identity in many preliterate societies,'' she said. ''Most of the people who starting resisting the British Raj in India could not read or write, but they felt passionately Indian. The Russians who put up a fierce resistance to Napoleon's invasion were often illiterate but had a strong sense of holy mother Russia and the land as scripture.'' ------ But it was a moment that could have produced much more. No, Kariya should not be expected to drop his gloves and challenge Stevens to a fight. You don't do that when you are an artist with a history of concussions. But a glove to Stevens's face, a shove to his shoulder, a harsh word, even a dirty look -- any sort of resistance -- surely would have drawn a crowd of supportive teammates. ------ 'The needs are so great; everywhere you turn, it's a priority,'' said Lakhdar Brahimi, the Algerian diplomat who oversees the United Nations presence in Afghanistan. He is a veteran global troubleshooter who has also worked in Haiti and South Africa. In the late 90's, he tried to broker a peace between the Taliban and the fast-collapsing forces of the resistance, many of whom -- through the miracle elixir sometimes referred to here as vitamin B-52 -- are now central figures in the government. ------ Back in 1979, Ismail Khan was merely a junior artillery officer. He became involved in a mutiny against the Communists then ruling the country. And later, after the Soviets invaded, he became a guerrilla commander. By dint of battlefield success -- as well as of the coincident deaths of other contenders -- he emerged as the leader of the resistance in Afghanistan's west and a self-proclaimed emir. After the Soviets skulked away in 1989, he assumed the governorship of Herat, his popularity ebbing and flowing during a turbulent time of civil war. He was in an ebb phase when the Taliban -- then known as pious champions of law and order -- succeeded in taking the city in the fall of 1995. The emir escaped to Iran, and when he later returned to fight, he was the victim of an ally's betrayal and ended up as his enemy's most famous prisoner. He spent more than two years in a Taliban jail, often manacled in a zawlana, an iron device that hitched his neck to his wrists and ankles. A young Talib intelligence officer helped him in a nerve-racking escape through the desert. Ismail Khan's getaway vehicle hit a land mine, and his leg was broken in the explosion. The Taliban were furious when the wounded emir surfaced safely, again in Iran. ------ The season's most significant new mainstream drama, Richard Greenberg's ''Take Me Out,'' may have featured an all-male cast, but over all, Broadway's gender dynamics were more like those of the musical ''Nine.'' In David Leveaux's glossy revival, a winsomely overwhelmed Antonio Banderas found himself surrounded by girls, girls, girls, of different shapes and sensibilities, all of whom managed to make a fierce impression -- from a transcendently kittenish Jane Krakowski to a panther-like Chita Rivera. Actually, girls is a misnomer. The figures who ruled the theater this year were unmistakably women, creatures of strong minds and loins, before whom their menfolk could only bow (despite some token acts of resistance). ------ There has been an odd resistance to giving Scott credit for the Nets' drastic turnaround. I've seen coaches who have done far less -- who have never even reached the conference finals -- be touted as hoops gurus. Scott has been on the job for three years, he leans on his staff and he doesn't promote himself -- or carry himself -- as the second coming of Dr. Naismith. ------ Detective Jimmy McNulty (Dominic West) is back, but banished to water patrol duty as punishment for his excessive zeal in the Barksdale investigation. He is still hungry to uncover crimes his colleagues would just as soon let lie, but this time he is seeking revenge on his superiors as much as justice for the victims. His work is hampered by the maneuvering of the longshoremen's union, as well as by the resistance of his police bosses. None of the top officials seem too worried about stemming the flow of drugs, which continues even though a major crime boss, Avon Barksdale (Wood Harris), is in prison. ------ Falluja seemed to be just another obscure Iraqi town when American soldiers rolled into Baghdad, but in the last few weeks it has become a symbol of anti-American resistance. ------ They have been killed in a string of sudden attacks -- assaults that have grown far more common in the past week and have begun raising questions among some families about whether there are enough United States forces in Iraq to handle mounting resistance. Soldiers have been shot at as they stood guard at vehicle checkpoints. They have been ambushed as they traveled along roads in convoys. ------ With thousands of lives at stake, optimism was not an option. Sensibly, we based our strategy on the greater likelihood of fierce resistance. That decision was as right when made as it was mistaken in retrospect. ------ The attacks came as the American military was preparing to send significant forces west of Baghdad to quell pockets of resistance in several cities. [Page A10.] The strikes indicate there is still armed resistance to the allied occupation within the capital, especially in the Adhamiya neighborhood where Mr. Hussein had climbed atop a vehicle and exhorted a crowd to resist American forces before he went into hiding. ------ Experts say that resistance to injected prions may be related to the fact that some animals rapidly clear misfolded prions, dumping them before they become toxic. ------ Finally, an experiment created to study a strong species barrier recently stunned those in the field. At the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, a branch of the National Institutes of Health in Hamilton, Mont., Dr. Richard Race injected infectious hamster prions into mice known for their resistance to hamster disease. Most never got sick. ------ Principal among them is Israeli resistance to dismantling settlements in the West Bank and Gaza, and Palestinian insistence that refugees from the 1948 war for independence have a a ''right of return'' to what is now Israel. ------ Poland, a country of 40 million, will probably vote to join the union, but it will do so despite deep anxieties and a large-scale passive resistance, especially in rural areas. Those anxieties and that resistance were so well in evidence one brilliant sunny mid-morning at the Hala Mirowska, a former czarist stable that is now a colorful, popular Warsaw market where one can buy anything from pajamas to frozen fish. ------ WellPoint's planned acquisition of Cobalt, based in Milwaukee, could face resistance from consumer groups and regulators. An effort by WellPoint to take over Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans in Maryland and the District of Columbia has been blocked by consumer groups, regulators and the Maryland Legislature. Opponents of the takeover objected to various financial inducements that WellPoint offered to officials of the Blue Cross companies. The national Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, where Mr. Schaeffer is influential, retaliated by revoking the Maryland company's right to use the shield and cross logos and names. ------ Each instrument sounds different, too. You can hear this in the jazz riffs and rippling arpeggios, some passages more mellow, others brighter, that float through the building, a cacophony provided by piano shoppers happy to test the merchandise. If you put your hands to the keyboards you can feel the different resistance in each action as well. ------ The pope's exhortations to fellow Poles bolstered their resistance to Communist rule, and his trailblazing visit to Cuba loosened some restrictions on Roman Catholics there. ------ Today's fatal attack comes at a crucial time for American commanders and the residents of this tense farming town of 600,000 people on the banks of the Euphrates River. After a series of almost weekly attacks on American forces here, United States commanders are adopting a get-tough approach in Falluja, a town that has emerged as a center of anti-American resistance in Iraq. ------ During a visit to Kabul, Afghanistan, last month, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced the end of major combat operations and a shift to ''a period of stability and stabilization and reconstruction activities'' for American troops in Afghanistan. But this week alone there were two major responses to Taliban resistance: in addition to the fighting Wednesday, American troops led a major airborne assault operation on Monday featuring 500 coalition soldiers in Paktia Province, one of the more troublesome southeastern regions. ------ That operation, in the Shah-i-Kot Mountains of Paktia, was a search for fighters from the Taliban or Al Qaeda who were reported to have regrouped in the area. Coalition troops wound up the operation after two days, detaining 21 people but encountering no armed resistance. ------ Some of Mr. Abbas's allies were urging him to soften his condemnation of all Palestinian violence and restate his commitment to a Palestinian capital in Jerusalem. Mr. Abbas renounced violence ''against the Israelis wherever they may be,'' but Palestinians overwhelmingly regard violence against Israeli soldiers and settlers as legitimate resistance to occupation. ------ There are two parts to this supposed propaganda coup. The first deals with Private Lynch's capture: whether she fought or was injured when her vehicle crashed. The second deals with the rescue: whether her rescuers engaged in a fierce firefight or staged the whole show, knowing they would meet no resistance. ------ In fact, General Brooks acknowledged at the first briefing that there was no resistance inside the hospital. He said there had been gunfights going in and coming out, but did not characterize them as fierce. ------ Trapped in his ossified sense of himself as a little man taking a stand against ''letting the strongest languages win over the weakest,'' the father creates a prison for his own family. Between the rampant hostility outside the house and the tyranny inside, the children act out the paralyzing stress of their situation in the strange and pitiful ways that children do. In a delirious mixture of resistance, surrender and mimicry, Hugo begins compulsively blurting out English phrases. ''I couldn't stop saying 'don't forget the fruit gums, chum.' '' He decides to embrace his role as designated Nazi, perfecting his German accent so that he can ''be'' Eichmann. Looking for subjects of his own to tyrannize, he tries to ban his mother from speaking German in the kitchen, and persecutes a stray dog to the point of almost drowning it. He starts having violent asthma attacks. His brother puts stones in his ears to make himself deaf. Suffocation, silence, speechlessness or self-imperiling speech threaten them at every juncture. ------ Though Kennedy seemed to rise so quickly, Dallek reminds us that he was a work in progress throughout the 1950's, and that his long journey to the White House included more than a few missteps along the way (intriguingly, he argues that Kennedy wrote ''Profiles in Courage'' as a belated mea culpa for his early sympathy for Joseph McCarthy, who was enormously popular in Irish Boston). Dallek pays close attention to religion, and reasserts the intensity of the public's resistance to Kennedy's Roman Catholicism. Even apostles of tolerance like Eleanor Roosevelt sniffed at his presumption, and Hubert Humphrey, everybody's favorite liberal, chose ''Give Me That Old Time Religion'' as his campaign song in the West Virginia primary where they squared off. ------ Of course we don't. Nobody likes to lose, and efficiency is one of the chief prizes of capital's victory over labor. Martin's thesis is that capital completed its conquest of blue-collar labor in the 80's, when Ronald Reagan broke the U.S. air-traffic controllers' union and Margaret Thatcher crushed the British coal miners' strike. White-collar workers held out until the recession of 1990-91, when thousands of middle-management jobs -- for example, in the defense sector -- were vaporized. That got through to the labor force: there were no ''core jobs'' anymore. Management had the whip hand. In the name of efficiency, volatility had trickled up to middle management, and resistance was futile. ------ Under Mr. Arafat, the Palestinian security forces arrested many Hamas members in 1996, after a series of suicide bombings. But Hamas is much stronger and has greater popular support now, and similar action today would probably provoke resistance from Hamas supporters. ------ ''Of course the message is clear: all factions are working together to keep up resistance to the occupation,'' Dr. Abdel Aziz Rantisi, a Hamas leader, said in a telephone interview later today. ''We refuse totally the Aqaba summit. It is a waste of our existence.'' ------ The three terrorist groups, acting jointly, sent a trio of suicides dressed in Israeli uniforms into an Israeli Army post near Gaza. They killed four soldiers before being shot dead themselves. The terrorist Front then released a video showing the killers posing with assault rifles and a Koran, and informed the world that ''the blood of Palestinians says that we are unified in the trench of resistance.'' ------ In the April 18 issue of Science, Dr. Dickinson reported on the turns of fruit flies called saccades. It had been thought that the main force the flies had to cope with in changing direction so quickly was friction, the resistance of the air itself. ------ The results are compelling. The average life expectancy in Singapore in 1965 was 66 years, on par with Argentina. Singapore had one of the world's highest rates of tuberculosis. Malaria was widespread. Just 38 years later, Singapore's life expectancy is higher than the United States'. Singapore is so clean that public health officials worry that its citizens have low resistance to even mild outbreaks. ------ But there has been both resistance to the American proposal and skepticism that the separate pact with Chile, which is widely seen as less generous than an agreement with the European Union that went into effect on Jan. 1, can serve as a template for a regional agreement. ------ American and Iraqi officials said they believed the strikes did not represent the emergence of an organized nationwide resistance. American officials are eager to describe Iraq as stabilizing, but with few of the attackers captured, it is difficult to gauge whether the strikes are centrally planned. Officials have also said that radical Islamists and foreign fighters may also be involved. ------ Finally, for thinking, self-aware couples -- the ones astonished to find themselves adapting the dated and theatrical trappings of the day -- refusing to serve wedding cake is a small but proud statement of resistance. You may be wearing a virginal white dress and letting Mommy and Daddy give you away. But at least you weren't conned into ordering a $3,000 edible floral fantasy. ------ But one thing is already clear. American forces seem to be battling a small but determined foe who has a primitive but effective command-and-control system that uses red, blue and white flares to signal the advance of American troops. The risk does not come from random potshots. The American forces are facing organized resistance that comes alive at night. ------ Mr. Rosenthal was born in Paris on June 18, 1904, and began to study the violin at 9. He entered the Paris Conservatory in 1918, and during his student years he performed in cinema and music hall orchestras, experience that informed his own theater pieces. He began his composition studies with Ravel in 1926, three years after his graduation from the conservatory. The two maintained a close friendship that lasted until Ravel's death in 1937, and established Mr. Rosenthal as an important and insightful interpreter of his teacher's music. Ravel also encouraged him to conduct, and in 1928, Mr. Rosenthal made his debut conducting the Orchestre Pasdeloup. From 1934 to 1939, he was associate conductor of the newly formed National Radio Orchestra of France. During World War II, Mr. Rosenthal, who had been born Jewish but converted to Catholicism, withdrew from public performance and joined the French resistance. After the war, he returned to French radio as chief conductor. He made his first conducting appearances in New York in 1946, when he led the New York Philharmonic in an all-French program. He transformed his memories of the visit into a picturesque six-movement orchestral suite, ''Magic Manhattan,'' which was performed in 1950 by the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. From 1949 to 1951 he was the music director of the Seattle Symphony. He conducted at the Metropolitan Opera in the 1980's, and his repertory at the house included the ''Parade'' triple bill of works by Ravel, Satie and Poulenc, as well as Massenet's ''Manon,'' Strauss's ''Fledermaus'' and Poulenc's ''Dialogues of the Carmelites.'' He also led a Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle at the Seattle Opera in 1986. ------ Sun executives said the decision by the two leading PC sellers would give Java an important advantage in personal computers. Sun has made Java a dominant force in the corporate server market, as well as in consumer products like cellular phones and hand-held personal digital assistants, but it says it has lagged behind in the PC market as a result of Microsoft's resistance to Java. ------ The sheer scope of the operation -- a pilotless drone, F-15 fighters and AC-130 gunships circled overhead as dozens of armored vehicles and patrol boats cut off escape routes -- suggested the seriousness of a new American effort to quell nascent armed resistance in areas north and west of Baghdad dominated by Sunni Muslims. ------ American officials said a major general and a colonel were detained along with 40 to 50 men believed to be involved in the attacks. The officials said the Army believed that much of the resistance north of Baghdad is supported, financed and coordinated by anti-American elements hiding out in the area. ------ The American assessment is that Tikrit, Kirkuk and Baiji, which are farther north of Baghdad, are relatively secure. But the American military command has been concerned about resistance in a swath of territory around the towns of Balad, Taji and Baquba, roughly 30 miles north of Baghdad. Only several hundred Americans have been patrolling them. ------ As a practical matter, the effort begun today is likely to meet stiff resistance among Republicans. Though members of both parties drive the vehicles, Republican legislators tend to represent rural areas and often have a legitimate need for them. Mr. Burton and Mr. Angelides also fanned partisan fires by suggesting that their proposal offered an alternative to the Bush administration's ''wrong direction'' on fuel efficiency. ------ The apprehension of the California bishops over the survey is one gauge of institutional resistance to change. The study is being conducted by academic researchers at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in Manhattan. They mailed every bishop an extensive survey asking for information about abusive priests in their diocese. The priests and victims are not identified by name, and the results of the study will be cumulative and will not offer a breakdown of the results by diocese. But the California bishops said they feared the information could be subpoenaed or inadvertently released, which could leave the bishops vulnerable for having violated California's privacy laws, said Edward E. Dolejsi, executive director of the California Catholic Conference, which represents that state's 12 dioceses. ------ Today, a video appeared of Mr. Shabneh, in T-shirt and jeans, but carrying a Kalashnikov rifle over his shoulder and wearing the green Hamas headband that reads, ''God is great.'' In a voice more a boy's than a man's, he gave a short speech that followed Hamas in rejecting the peace plan and urging a continuation of armed resistance to Israel. ------ ''The martyrs have changed the course of this conflict, and declared that there is no alternative to resistance and no exchange for our full homeland, without divisions or separations,'' he said. ''We won't give up our smallest right, whatever the price is, whatever the sacrifice. Our steadfast Palestinian people, you are great, your jihad is great. You are standing like men, providing heroes in the battlefield.'' ------ They are meeting some resistance from the occupation administrator, L. Paul Bremer III, largely because he and his British advisers think that it will take months, perhaps a year or more, before the Iraqis can adapt to representative government. ------ American officers said that allied troops were facing resistance from Baath loyalists, former officials of the Iraqi intelligence agency, paramilitary forces and militants from Syria and other Arab countries who were crossing into Iraq to join the fight against the Americans. ------ Lt. Gen. David D. McKiernan, the senior allied commander, said there was no indication that resistance throughout the country was centrally directed or that Mr. Hussein was leading it. Rather, he and other American officials described a situation in which remnants of Mr. Hussein's government and its allies have been organizing separate and largely uncoordinated attacks in different parts of the country. ------ The top American civilian administrator in Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, offered a similar assessment of the resistance groups. ------ He acknowledged that the coalition's inability to capture Mr. Hussein or recover his body was helping to fuel the resistance movement. ------ The continued resistance represents a new stage of the American-led operation here. After a lightning-fast invasion, the United States and its allies seem to be girding for a possibly prolonged test of wills. ------ As the burned-out car was removed from the scene, a man on a mosque loudspeaker declared: ''This is a result of the road map. We will cut off the hand of anyone who tries to stop the resistance.'' ------ ''Frank Keating feels passionately about these issues and is enormously troubled by the resistance we've experienced from some bishops,'' said Robert S. Bennett, a Washington lawyer who leads the board's task force on the causes of the crisis. ''However, he clearly crossed the line.'' ------ The American goal appears to be to keep the pressure on and whittle down these fighters until a new Iraqi authority is able to maintain order. This is not new resistance, military officials say, but rather old resistance that the American troops here are only now taking on as they extend their reach in Iraq, fanning out to areas north and west of the capital where they had less of a presence during the war than in areas in southern and central Iraq, which had to be controlled to clear the route to Baghdad. [Page A7.] ------ Geography is another factor. Iraq is a country larger than California, and there are many hiding places. American forces are only now venturing west and north of Baghdad in substantial numbers. As the Americans fan out, they will increasingly encounter armed resistance. This is not new resistance, military officials say, but rather old resistance that the American troops here are only now taking on as they extend their reach in Iraq. ------ This is not a fight that allied commanders expect to settle with a single hammer blow. The American assessment is that much of the resistance is organized. That is clear, military officials say, from the signaling systems enemy fighters use in towns like Falluja to notify their fighters of the approach of American troops, the leaflets that have been found promising rewards for Iraqis who attack American troops, the ambushes that Iraqi fighters try to lay for American troops and the enemy camp in the west. But American officers do not believe that the assaults are controlled by a single enemy commander or organization. ------ The size of the camp, situated 50 miles from the Syrian border and 160 miles from Baghdad, and the spirited resistance -- an American Apache helicopter was shot down during the assault -- are signs that an armed opposition to the United States appears to be coalescing in areas dominated by Sunni Muslims. ------ At 'Ino on Bedford Street, Jason Denton, a co-owner (with his wife, Jennifer), has thought long and hard about the panino and come up with a state-of-the-art design that might warrant a Ph.D. ''First, you must have superior ingredients,'' says Denton, who is also a partner in Lupa and Otto. ''I use Italian canned tuna for our Tuna With Black-Olive Pesto, and Gaeta olives, stemless caper berries instead of capers in jars because of their texture and always, always extra-virgin olive oil.'' He gets his delicious ciabatta from the Blue Ribbon Bakery and Café down the street, with its 140-year-old wood-burning oven. ''I wanted a sandwich that has contrasting textures but isn't so crispy that it cuts the roof of your mouth. So they underbake the ciabatta for me.'' The panini press finishes the cooking, resulting in a crust that has resistance but won't draw blood. ------ Eventually, I went to college at night. Now I wanted to learn the stuff. I went from being a poor student to being an A student. Later, I became petty officer second class. I got picked by default -- I was the only guy to pass the test. I wasn't the guy who had the ideal profile for the job. I had a resistance to conformity. ------ On Thursday, Mr. Meeropol, who is 56, and his brother Michael, who is 60, (they took their adoptive parents' name) will attend a program at City Center in Manhattan to ''commemorate the Rosenbergs' resistance'' and benefit the Rosenberg Fund for Children, which Robert runs. ------ Leaders of the two national conservative parties and Premier Ralph Klein of Alberta have objected to tampering with marriage traditions. But political resistance appears to be subsiding as polls indicate that a majority of Canadians accept the premise that gays and lesbians should have the right to marry. ------ Georgian officials declined to speak in detail about the level of resistance they encountered when they entered the gorge. But they offered one example of where, they said, Georgian forces had proved effective. Last fall, they said, they forced a group of about 30 mostly Chechen fighters back across the border. The group, they said, walked right into a force of Russian soldiers, who killed many of them. ------ Inside, he said, the girl was unharmed, and Mr. Hynson put up no resistance when he was placed under arrest. ------ The raids had been planned for days, military officials said, and appeared to be the latest phase of an effort to break the back of a nascent armed resistance that had sprung up in the swathe of the country dominated by Iraq's Sunni Muslim minority. More raids are expected this week, military officials said. ------ ''This thing is happening all over Iraq tonight,'' said Lt. Col. Eric Schwartz, who oversaw raids early today in the southern half of Falluja, a city 35 miles west of Baghdad that has become a center of armed resistance. ''It's a massive, coordinated effort.'' ------ She is free now, and the Husseins are gone. But in many ways, despite her bubbly, expansive nature, the punishment continues. Those who know her, and Mrs. Noaman herself in snatches, describe the high price of her defiance: the slow decline of a prosperous lawyer to near destitution and uncertain sanity, the steady blurring of the boundary between resistance and reason. ------ The three men were reportedly seized after they emerged from a remote jungle where they went to meet a band of ethnic Hmong hill tribe fighters who have continued armed resistance since the Communist victory in 1975. ------ From demonstrations against Israeli soldiers, the resistance grew more severe: Hamas members kidnapped and killed Israeli soldiers, engaged in battles with P.L.O. members and turned to suicide bombing as a tactic. ------ Other well-studied examples of human-driven adaptive change include the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects after widespread spraying and the increase in the numbers of dark-winged forms compared with light-winged forms of the peppered moth in the United States and England after industrialization turned air sooty and polluted. ------ The researchers also made energy-storing capacitors out of their nanotube fibers and wove them into fabrics. Because the electrical resistance changes when the fibers stretch, they could potentially be used to make clothing that could track body movements of athletes, ballet dancers and soldiers. The fibers have also garnered some interest from NASA for tying together arrays of satellites in space. ------ Perhaps because of his mild manner, Mr. Clarke has stirred little open resentment in Brcko. The Serbian mayor, Sinisa Kisic, describes him as an ''adviser rather than one who orders.'' Only when he forcibly integrated the schools did he provoke a backlash among Serbs, some of whom dubbed the decision ''Clarke's Law.'' Even then, they put up no violent resistance. ------ Mr. Makhmoud, like many in Mushaheda, adamantly denied that the village was a hotbed of resistance. ''No one here loved Saddam Hussein, because he destroyed us,'' he said. ''They shouldn't have shot at us so randomly. There are so many innocent bystanders here.'' ------ A monument that celebrates the human spirit of resistance but forgets the brutality of oppression is sanitized history. The saving grace of New York City is reality. ------ To redress the terrible wrongs, Mr. Kirchner, a former student radical who was briefly jailed himself by the dictatorship and had friends disappear, must overcome society's resistance and indifference. During the mid-1970's, the obelisk here that is Argentina's equivalent of the Washington Monument was draped with a large banner containing the Orwellian phrase ''Silence is health,'' and even today there are those who talk approvingly of a campaign to perpetuate that silence. ------ Some board members emphasize that while there are pockets of resistance to their work, most bishops are cooperating. Some news accounts have said that two-thirds of the bishops have already responded to the surveys. But some board members say that many of those responses have been partial, and many other bishops have simply sent back questions about the process. They say that full compliance is a long way off. ------ Bishop Wilton Gregory, president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, said the resistance was not surprising. In an interview last week, he said: ''I think only naïve people would say we'll just sit down and rewrite things and then it's done. No major issue is ever addressed so facilely, so yes there are going to be bumps in the road.'' ------ Several thousand troops from the First Armored Division, the Fourth Infantry Division, the 101st Airborne Division, the Third Infantry Division and the Third Armored Cavalry Regiment were involved in the raids, which have been mounted to try to suppress pockets of resistance. ------ But the proposal -- called the ''fat tax'' or ''couch potato tax'' -- quickly met resistance among Republican legislators, businesses and the food industry. A spokesman for Joseph L. Bruno, the Senate majority leader, said that he would not support any fat tax. ------ While the new law will have to be passed by the House of Commons, little organized resistance has developed. ------ Maj. Gen. Ray Odierno, commander of the Fourth Infantry Division, told reporters in a video linkup to the Pentagon that American forces continued to face resistance from former Baath Party loyalists, Islamic fundamentalists and ''poor Iraqis.'' ------ ''We're dealing with people who have everything to lose and nothing to gain,'' he said. He also said it was an overstatement to call the resistance guerrilla attacks. ''It is not close to guerrilla warfare because it's not coordinated,'' he said. ''It's not organized, and it's not led.'' ------ ''There is clearly resistance from the Republicans,'' said Senator Richard J. Durbin, an Illinois Democrat and a member of the intelligence committee. ''They don't want anything that sounds like an investigation.'' ------ Mr. Gilal, 51, a college-educated father of seven, is a member of a local family that traces its roots in Najaf back eight generations and is famed for its resistance to Mr. Hussein's government. ------ This is the third incarnation of the Burns-Wyden bill in the last four years but the one with the most visibility. A previous version was unanimously approved by the Commerce Committee last year but never came up for a full Senate vote. But growing public attention and reduced industry resistance has given committee-approved bills more momentum this year, backers said. Senator McCain has said publicly that he would like to see floor action on the bill before the end of the summer. The Senate is currently busy with legislation on Medicare and energy. ------ ''I met the Americans at the hospital entrance,'' said Dr. Hussein Salih, adding that Mr. Abdulrazak then led the Americans to Private Lynch. The staff members all said that there was no resistance, and that they welcomed the Americans. ------ His fate is a factor in the civil unrest in Iraq, endangering American soldiers, some officials say, as Hussein supporters try to organize a continued resistance. ------ Although the resistance has been sporadic and localized, some of the fighters appear to have been coordinated at local levels by the fugitive members of the Saddam Fedayeen, a paramilitary organization, and remnants of the former Iraqi intelligence service, American officials said. ------ ''These guys are growing in resistance, and they're still being troublesome, and you have to ask what's motivating them,'' a defense official said. The officials said recent intelligence reports had indicated that Mr. Hussein and his inner circle were trying to garner support inside the country. ------ But some American military and intelligence officials in Washington and Iraq have begun to argue that the question of whether Mr. Hussein is alive or dead is increasingly relevant. The new American administrator in Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, acknowledged this month that the coalition's inability to capture him or recover his body was helping to fuel a resistance movement led by Baath Party members. ------ Europe's resistance to modified crops received a political lift last week when a global treaty restricting them was approved. Although it is not clear what effect the treaty, known as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, will have on the trade dispute, it is likely to make it easier for countries to restrict importing the crops, trade experts say. ------ McDonald's said it was making the change because of growing evidence that the use of antibiotics in farm animals was creating antibiotic resistance in animals and in the bacteria that cause diseases in humans. ------ A year ago, several big poultry producing companies began quietly reducing the antibiotics they fed to healthy chickens to promote growth. Two years ago, McDonald's also asked its suppliers to phase out the use of a class of antibiotics that was closely related to Cipro (the drug best known as a treatment for anthrax in humans) because it could increase resistance to the human drug. ------ In a statement, Rebecca Goldburg, an expert on antibiotic resistance at Environmental Defense, praised the decision by McDonald's and criticized the use of growth-promoting antibiotics. ------ After a rocky beginning, with resistance from the teachers' union and miscalculations by Edison over school staffing and Philadelphia politics, this week marked a small victory. Preliminary test scores showed that student achievement improved slightly at schools across the district, including those managed by Edison and the other outside managers. The more significant scores, from the state standardized tests, are due next month. ------ The U.S.O.C.'s plan to put only one member of the international committee on its board met with resistance when the I.O.C. said that the charter requires that all three of its members from the United States, Anita DeFrantz, James Easton and Bob Ctvrtlik, be included. ------ ''I think it was a combination of organized resistance and opportunism,'' said Michael Robinson, the Bechtel Group's executive in charge of assessing and rebuilding Iraqi electrical systems under a contract with the United States government. ------ A conviction among Mr. Hussein's loyalists that he is still alive, picked up by American intelligence intercepts, has emerged as a powerful motivating factor in the military resistance to United States forces in Iraq, according to American officials. If the account Mr. Mahmoud has provided to his interrogators is true, it would be the most authoritative confirmation that neither Mr. Hussein nor his sons were killed in American attacks in March and April. American officials would not say whether Mr. Mahmoud had revealed a link between the resistance and Mr. Hussein and his sons. ------ From that point, according to members of the American delegation, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell pressed the idea against considerable resistance from other states, which argued that anti-Semitism should be taken up in the context of racism and discrimination generally, rather than as a separate subject. ------ From that point on, the plot cooks, the point of view shifting from straight-talking Lydia to the more refined Acey and occasionally into the omniscient overview, when a certain celebrity-hungry man of the cloth teams up with a like-minded columnist to discuss strategies that will help them profit from a public resistance to the spa. Here are some of the things that happen. After walking out on her job, Lydia makes a date with a U.P.S. deliveryman who looks great in the shorts. Dressed in the designer duds that get very big play throughout the novel, the two meet at an upscale bar and end up back in Lydia's apartment, where Odell Overton turns out to be the lover of a lifetime. Next morning, Acey shows up to take Lydia to church and Odell goes instead. After the service, Acey and Odell climb the bell tower and end up cuddling spoon fashion high over the city in a full, stand-up sexual embrace while the bell tolls. (Note: the sex in ''Sexual Healing'' is as explicit as a porn-shop display for women. Every erogenous zone is nibbled and all body parts generously described. There's a whole lot of oral and some anal sex, a minimum of the missionary positioned. There's group sex, girl sex, sex with tall triplets, a transsexual epiphany . . . it goes on.) ------ A woman whose body mass index climbs above 25 or, more dangerously, past 30, stands an increasing risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and various kinds of cancer -- like breast, colon and endometrial cancer. Excess fat strains the body's metabolism and the skeleton, leading to insulin resistance, plaque buildup in the arteries and other problems. ------ With an eye toward preventing diabetes in future generations, Dr. F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, the director of the Obesity Research Center at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York, is studying women of different ethnic groups to see how fat is deposited on their bodies. Depending on where it is, fat releases varying levels of hormones that can affect insulin resistance. ------ So then, how do we forge a breakthrough with the Shiites of Iraq, who make up 60 percent of that country? Let's start with some good news. While the U.S. forces in Iraq are meeting mounting resistance from the remnants of Saddam's regime, these are primarily Iraqi Sunni Muslims who sense that their long hold on power in Iraq is over. ------ Just last week Abdelaziz al-Hakim, a key Iraqi Shiite leader, gave an interview to the newspaper Al Hayat in which he stressed that Iraqi Shiites were not under the control of Iran and had no intention for now of engaging in violent resistance to the U.S. forces in Iraq. ------ It's funny that the Bushies didn't recognize a heist when they saw one, given that they pulled off such a clever heist of their own: They cracked the safe of American foreign policy and made off with generations of resistance to pre-emptive and unilateral attacks. ------ The supreme council, whose leader is the Ayatollah Muhammad Bakr al-Hakim, said today that the raids ''will lead to further rejection of occupation and resistance and hatred of the occupiers.'' ------ What is significant now, American military officials say, is that foreign fighters continue to play an active role in Iraq and continue to be recruited for pay or to join in a new struggle against the Americans. The effort indicates a considerable degree of organization behind the resistance against the American presence, though officials say it does not appear to be under the central control of a single leader or group. ------ Most of the fighters were literally ripped apart by the blasts, American military officials say, making it difficult to determine how many were there in the first place. An Army Ranger was wounded in the attack, the only American casualty in the raid. An American Apache helicopter was also shot down, an indication of the ferocity of the resistance. ------ In response, Mr. Wilson and Gene Green, a Texas Democrat, revived an antispam bill they had introduced in two previous sessions of Congress. In 1999, the bill passed the House by a 427-to-1 vote. In 2001, the bill passed out of committee and never made it to a floor vote, in part because of resistance from Mr. Sensenbrenner. ------ The announcement appeared timed to avert another confrontation and to respond to the concerns of a number of Iraqi political figures as well as American military officers. They have urged L. Paul Bremer III, the chief American administrator here, to address the officers' demands so as not to drive them into resistance against the occupation powers. ------ The standoff with the army officers has coincided with the rise of small-scale military attacks against American forces in central Iraq. While United States officials have not accused former officers of organizing the attacks, the appearance of an armed resistance raised concerns that officers might resort to violence if their demands were not met. ------ Continuing to mine this mother lode, Mr. Uris worked on the screenplay of the movie (released in 1960) until he clashed with the producer Otto Preminger; he collaborated with the Greek photographer Dimitrios Harissiadis on a nonfiction book, ''Exodus Revisited'' (1960), about places mentioned in ''Exodus''; from the novel's account of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising he produced his third novel, ''Mila 18'' (1961), which forced the novelist Joseph Heller to change the title of his World War II novel from ''Catch-18'' to ''Catch-22.'' He described ''Mila 18'' as his favorite among his books; its title came from the address of the command post for the Jewish resistance in Warsaw. In 1971 a musical version of ''Exodus,'' variously known as ''Ari'' and ''Exodus: the Musical,'' with music by Walt Smith and William Fisher, was produced on Broadway; it ran for two weeks. ------ Some of his customers were sympathetic to his cause and interrupted their meal to take pick handles that Mr. Maddox had put by the door (and sold for $2 apiece) to make it clear that the blacks would not be served. The pick handles, which Mr. Maddox also sold in his souvenir shop, were called ''Pickrick drumsticks'' and came to symbolize his resistance to the civil rights movement. On occasion, Mr. Maddox would autograph the handles. ------ General Abizaid's warnings of more clashes added to a growing unease voiced by some lawmakers today that the Pentagon might have misjudged the level of postwar resistance American forces would face and the number of troops needed to quell the unrest. ------ Some of his customers were sympathetic to his cause and interrupted their meal to take pick handles that Mr. Maddox had put by the door (and sold for $2 apiece) to make it clear that the blacks would not be served. The pick handles, which Mr. Maddox also sold in his souvenir shop, were called ''Pickrick drumsticks'' and came to symbolize his resistance to the civil rights movement. On occasion, Mr. Maddox would autograph the handles. ------ Majar has long been a center of festering resistance to Mr. Hussein, whose government angered tribal marsh Arabs here by draining nearby marshes in retaliation for a 1991 uprising in southern Iraq. The region's residents also said they had a long tradition of prizing firearms, and that they would fight rather than give up the weapons they routinely carry and keep in their homes. ------ Palestinian officials said the cease-fire would apply to violence against all Israelis, including settlers and soldiers in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Most Palestinians consider such violence in the territories, which Israel captured in 1967, to be legitimate resistance. ------ Nonetheless, the Serbs have moved on from the days when Dr. Karadzic and General Mladic held them spellbound. Surveys from Serbia and Montenegro show that most people there support cooperation with the war-crimes tribunal, especially when their economic well-being depends upon it. Recent extraditions of several other fugitives from Serbia, including a former Yugoslav army general and secret-police chief, have met with no serious resistance. ------ Amodel example is the note to Lowell's early ''Colloquy in Black Rock'' (''Here the jack-hammer jabs into the ocean''), which locates the Connecticut neighborhood near Bridgeport where Lowell lived after his imprisonment for draft resistance. Black Rock was populated in part by workers at the Sikorsky helicopter factory, many of Hungarian descent, who attended St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church -- thus the allusion to Hungary's first king and patron saint as well as to another Stephen, the first Christian martyr (''In Black Mud / Hungarian workmen give their blood / For the martyre Stephen, who was stoned to death''). Lowell's account of the poem's genesis is given, as well as a letter published in The Black Rock News about the geographical proximity of his house to the church. A query by T. S. Eliot, Lowell's editor at Faber, about the word ''detritus'' is mentioned, along with other bits of annotation that serious readers of Lowell will be informed by. At the other extreme, one wonders what conceivable reader of this volume will need to have Lent and Pax Romana glossed, to be informed that Tacitus and Juvenal are Roman writers, that ''Tess of the D'Urbervilles'' is by Thomas Hardy, and that Trollope is a ''novelist,'' Emerson an ''essayist'' and Thoreau the author of ''Walden.'' Still, assembling these notes is an achievement not to be minimized. ------ We have challenged the clerical dictatorship to accept truly free elections under direct supervision of the United Nations so the Iranian people can express their real views through the ballot box. Then, the resistance would be prepared to set aside the struggle imposed on it by the mullahs and take part in an election. But the clerics have rejected this demand. ------ The arrest by the French in Paris last week of 150 resistance members on bogus charges was a transparent attempt to mollify Tehran's rulers. The real ''terrorists'' are the mullahs ruling Iran. ------ For the sake of its current reputation, future security and plans for the Middle East generally -- not to mention the well-being of Iraqis -- Washington needs to do a better job of reviving Iraq. That will require more attention from the White House, more money from Congress and an end to America's costly ideological resistance to a larger United Nations role. Most of all, it will take a broadened effort to enlist the participation of the Iraqi people. ------ Senior Bush administration officials who favor direct American military involvement in peacekeeping efforts in Liberia have faced significant resistance from within their own ranks, and administration officials have said publicly that they are still weighing a number of options. ------ He reiterated the importance of killing or capturing Mr. Hussein as a way to sap the vigor of the resistance, and curb the fear of the Iraqi people. He said all available assessments suggested that Mr. Hussein was still in Iraq. ------ Out of our desire for the unity of our Palestinian ranks at this dangerous phase which our people and our cause are going through, and in order to protect our national unity achieved by the intifada and the resistance and documented by the blood of the martyrs, and as the contribution from us to consolidating Palestinian national dialogue on the basis of adherence to the rights of our people, and in order to protect our internal front from the danger of schism and confrontation, and in order to block the enemy from having any excuse to wreck it, and in an assertion of the legitimate right to resist the occupation as a strategic choice until the end of the Zionist occupation of our land and until we achieve all our national rights, and in response to efforts by many in the Palestinian and Arab arena who care about the unity of the Palestinian national ranks, we declare the following initiative: ------ ''Hamas said that resistance was the only strategy for them,'' he said in an interview in his Gaza City office tonight that was interrupted by the order from Mr. Arafat. ''Fatah doesn't see it that way. For Fatah, all choices, including negotiation, are open.'' ------ But military officials said they did not capture anyone on their list of most-wanted Iraqis, and the relative absence of armed resistance suggested that they had not uncovered any major pockets of resistance. ------ Mr. Kerik remains firm on this point: the culture must change. When Iraqi commanders express resistance to service-oriented policing, saying, ''We don't do that,'' Mr. Kerik's aides respond, ''You will, or we'll find someone else.'' ------ The team was going to impose women as interpreters, despite some resistance. Military ranks would convert to civilian ones -- ''the whole general thing's going to change,'' Mr. Turner's deputy, Mr. Trevillian, said -- and reduce their number. ------ Afterward, if your auditory nerves have not sustained permanent damage, you will hear some necessary explanations, which complete the epic voice-over of the opening scenes. The heroic resistance of Sarah Connor (Ms. Hamilton) in ''T2'' did not prevent the apocalyptic ascent of the techno overlords, but only postponed it. Now, Sarah's son, John (Nick Stahl), the prophesied leader of the human resistance, is living ''off the grid,'' haunted by nightmarish visions of global catastrophe. ------ During Mr. Schröder's first term, resistance by the unions was one of the main reasons he did not succeed in passing major economic changes. The unions still object to parts of his new package, particularly proposals to scale back pension benefits and make it easier to fire workers. ------ The American defeat of Saddam Hussein played a central role, as Hamas sponsors in Syria and Iran came under new American pressure and Arab governments, including Saudi Arabia's, moved to calm the region. ''After Sept. 11, the Palestinian resistance lost its international support,'' said Samir al-Mashharawi, a top official here of Mr. Abbas's mainstream Fatah faction. ''After the Iraq war, the Palestinian resistance lost its Arab support.'' ------ ''The reason I don't use the phrase 'guerrilla war' is because there isn't one,'' Mr. Rumsfeld said, adding that the resistance was coming from five disparate groups. ''I know it's nice to have a bumper sticker, but it's the wrong bumper sticker.'' ------ ''We started as a resistance movement,'' Barham Salih, the prime minister of the part of this region controlled by this party, said in an interview. ''We have developed more and more democratically, but there is still a lot more to do.'' ------ The agreement was reached just hours before the start of the new fiscal year, forcing the Legislature to meet well beyond the constitutionally mandated deadline for a balanced budget to be signed. Gov. James E. McGreevey, as he did last year, patched together an austerity plan and met resistance in the evenly divided State Senate, culminating in last-minute drama, rancor and brinkmanship. ------ Plastic or phenolic resin handles have varying degrees of heat resistance, but it is usually falls between 400 and 500 degrees. ------ This town, heavily Sunni Muslim and a stronghold of support for Saddam Hussein, has been a center of resistance to the American-led occupation, with regular attacks on American troops and vehicles. ------ Both women had heard rumors that explosives were being stored at the mosque, and both said there were rumors it had become a locus of anti-American resistance. ------ Genetically modified foods, which are common in the United States, are passionately opposed by many Europeans, who call them ''Frankenfoods'' and fear they may pose long-term health and environmental risks. These crops have been biologically altered to build in a number of desirable characteristics, from insect resistance to faster growth to greater sugar retention. ------ The market for AIDS drugs is crowded but patients often have to switch drugs because the virus develops resistance to the ones they are taking. ------ But the use of a Sunni mosque to make bombs suggests that the resistance may have a decidedly nonsecular component. It shows, as well, how politics and self-preservation eroded Mr. Hussein's commitment to a secular Iraq. In the 1980's, Iraqis say, men were discouraged from growing beards and the Koran could not be read on television. But after the Persian Gulf war of 1991, as Mr. Hussein sought to appease the Arab world and secure his own base, he began building mosques and encouraging the teaching of the Koran. ------ With the violence seemingly escalating daily, the offer of a bounty for Mr. Hussein seemed to reflect the renewed urgency allied officials and military commanders attach to finding the deposed leader and his two sons, whose specter they believe is fueling the growing resistance to the American occupation. ------ Thursday's attacks seemed to defy that assertion. They also suggested that sapping the resistance might not be as simple as capturing or killing Mr. Hussein. The attacks occurred in diverse locations: a Sunni area west of Baghdad that staunchly supported the former government, a Shiite neighborhood in Baghdad that did not and the center of the city. ------ Ramadi has become a center of resistance to the American-led occupation. It is about 30 miles west of Falluja, where an explosion at a Sunni mosque killed at least six people on Monday night. An allied investigation blamed a bombmaking class being held in a building adjacent to the mosque, but many residents accused the Americans of firing a missile into the mosque and promised revenge against American troops. ------ But commanders told the senators of more ominous signs. ''There is organized resistance to the American presence, and they are getting smarter about the way they do it,'' said Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia, the vice chairman and ranking Democrat on the Intelligence Committee. ------ There is resistance, and I know you are hearing about this. Not a day passes without their suffering losses in our great land thanks to our great mujahedeen. The coming days will, God willing, be days of hardship and trouble for the infidel invaders. ------ That is not, however, the part of Mr. Schiltz's outlook that is likely to meet with resistance these days. ------ The appearance of the audiotape, if authenticated as carrying Mr. Hussein's voice, would be a blow to the allied military effort, which has sought to portray Iraqi resistance as leaderless at the national level, scattered and ineffective. ------ The broadcast of the tape came as hostilities continued between allied forces and members of the Iraqi resistance. Early today, American military officials said, soldiers from the Third Infantry Division's Seventh Cavalry killed 11 Iraqis as the Iraqis tried to ambush them on Highway 1 near Balad. ''The attackers attempted to engage the patrol with small-arms fire and rocket-propelled grenades, but were all killed when the patrol returned fire,'' a military statement said. No American injuries were reported. ------ United States military officials have said there is no evidence of central ''command and control'' for the attacks that have plagued allied forces, though they acknowledged this week that there might be ''regional'' coordination. But authenticating the tape would indicate that Mr. Hussein was seeking to project himself, perhaps from the isolation of his hiding place, as the leader of a resistance movement. ------ Yet many Iraqis appeared unimpressed that Mr. Hussein had perhaps managed to broadcast his voice for the first time since he fled after a final appearance, still contested by some experts, at a public square in the Adhamiya neighborhood of Baghdad. ''The tape of course is authentic,'' said Hathem Ali al-Ansaari, a money changer in the Karada district of Baghdad. ''He spoke about resistance, we know that he is there. All these attacks, they are well prepared and synchronized.'' ------ Still others took great hope from the recording. North of Baghdad, near the American base where the 18 soldiers were wounded Thursday night, two of them seriously, a young man who refused to give his name claimed to be part of the resistance. ------ I believe that all of this is true, in its own terms, and the passage justly indicates the considerable value of the book's material, its urgency and its resistance to an element of murderous blather in politics, news and entertainment. The footnotes draw from scholarly sources and, often, from American military publications. For us ordinary readers, the directness and accessibility begin to answer a thirst for understanding. The saying ''war is hell'' is attributed not to a poet or a preacher but to a general. We readers -- the ''every person'' of Hedges' title -- need to know in true detail what kind of hell, and how and why. ------ For all the pageantry, hectic nautical combat and sweeping orchestral music crammed into your average pirate movie, the genre's thematic core tends to concern class consciousness: a confrontation between the low-life pirate and the imperious hypocrisies of the civilized world. This class warfare is typically crystallized by the presence of a lone female character, the inviolate daughter-of-somebody-important, a proud young woman with magnificent shoulders and flashing eyes who stands by, in a spectacular gown, all but speechless as gifted ham actors spout outrageous pirate lingo. Kidnapped and implicitly threatened with gang rape, she survives a long sea journey unbesmirched, protected by the noble pirate who, after a period of resistance and misunderstanding, is rewarded with a kiss in the picture's final shot. ------ Given the prospect of damage from ballpoint pens, the architects encountered resistance to their proposal to make the benches of wood. But they prevailed. ------ ''Originally, there was some resistance to double pricing,'' Mr. Aletti said. Bulgari, for one, was reluctant to submit its pricey baubles to tactics reminiscent of warehouse refrigerator sales. ''They did not want to do it at first,'' Mr. Aletti said. Now the double prices are posted discreetly in Bulgari's window. At a third of their original Italian retail price, Bulgari bracelets cost a fraction of what they might in New York. ------ The United States eventually won, but it was a long, hard, bloody slog that cost the lives of more than 4,200 American soldiers, 16,000 rebels and some 200,000 civilians. Even after the formal end of hostilities on July 4, 1902, sporadic resistance dragged on for years. ------ Many lessons of those counterinsurgencies were set down in ''The Small Wars Manual,'' written by a group of Marine Corps officers in the 1930's. This book, which was reprinted in the 1980's, was intended to draw on the experience of leathernecks who had battled ''bandits'' (as the authors preferred to call all resistance movements) in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and elsewhere during the early years of the 20th century. ------ Chechen voters ratified a new Kremlin-backed constitution in March, and both Russian and Chechen leaders have hinted that they intend to give the region a broad grant of autonomy in an effort to end most resistance to Russian rule. ------ ''At the same time,'' he added, ''it is important to remember what came after Brown: major legal challenges and acts of courage but also fierce resistance.'' ------ Glenn Stanton, senior analyst for marriage and sexuality at Focus on the Family, a national organization opposed to gay rights, agreed there would be resistance. ''I think that what will happen is that states will be seeking to say, 'You know what? Don't bring any of that stuff here,' '' he said. ''We know what we want, we know what marriage is, and we know what sexual relationships are. They will be asking how they can protect life as they know it, rather than life as the Supreme Court tells them it's going to be.'' ------ In Baghdad, the top American administrator in Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, said that despite the increasing wave of violence directed at American and British forces in Iraq, ''We will not let the Iraqi people down'' by leaving. Mr. Bremer also said that though he wished that Saddam Hussein were in custody or dead, ''every evidence'' suggested that he was not in charge of the well-orchestrated resistance and that the Iraqis attacking allied forces ''are a small group of desperate men -- they do not pose a strategic threat to the Iraqi people or to the coalition.'' ------ American officials certainly seem to take the specter of Mr. Hussein seriously, even though definitively eliminating him may not do the same for the resistance. On Thursday, coalition officials announced that they were offering up to $25 million for information leading to Mr. Hussein's capture or confirmation of his death, and $15 million apiece for his sons. Amy Waldman ------ Military officials in Baghdad said on Sunday that a seven-day effort to root out Iraqi resistance and paramilitary activity in central Iraq had resulted in the detention of 282 people and the seizure of weapons that included 217 rocket-propelled grenades and 96 AK-47 rifles. ------ Philippoussis's resistance stiffened in the third set. But despite occasional efforts to chip and charge, he, like Roddick, never solved the puzzle of Federer's silken serve. And after saving two match points in the second tie breaker, Philippoussis hit a backhand return into the net, giving Federer his place in history. ------ Increasing violence against American troops suggests that the United States may be facing some level of organized resistance from remnants of Mr. Hussein's government. ------ At a time when the Iraqi resistance has become increasingly bold and is exacting a mounting toll on United States troops, the indication that the tape is probably authentic adds to the view among American intelligence analysts that Mr. Hussein survived the war and is playing at least a symbolic role in encouraging Iraqi opposition. ------ With the killings today of two more American soldiers in Iraq, the number of United States military personnel killed in hostile action since the end of major combat operations on May 1 has reached 30. United States government officials have said they have seen no evidence that Mr. Hussein or his closest associates are actually coordinating that armed resistance, but they say the growing indications that the former Iraqi leader is still alive has served to embolden his followers and instill fear among other Iraqis. ------ The initiative, which is asking milk producers to cut milk supplies and livestock for the long-term health of the industry, has met resistance in the heartland. ------ The members of the federation's 34 cooperatives produce the majority of the nation's milk supply. But in Wisconsin, where many of the farmers run small family operations like Mr. Cooper's, there has been resistance, partly because of a changing trend in the industry. ------ The actual impact is impossible to duplicate with confidence. Among other variables, the foam chunk, which came from the shuttle's external fuel tank about 82 seconds after launching, was tumbling as it fell, and there is no way of knowing if it struck with one corner first, or with a whole edge first, as was done in this test. Also, Mr. Hubbard said that even when new, the panels vary in their resistance to breakage by 70 percent. ------ As elusive guerrilla fighters continue their attacks against occupation forces, General McNeill said the resistance still posed a serious threat to the fragile government of President Hamid Karzai. ------ The Sobibor uprising, one of the biggest escapes from a Nazi camp, and the August 1943 escape at Treblinka, another death camp in Poland, are often cited to contradict claims that Jewish prisoners died without resistance. ------ On the outskirts of Falluja, where the division's Second Brigade is encamped, soldiers said they were relieved at the prospect of going home, but skeptical as well. Most of the attacks against American soldiers have been concentrated in the area to the west and north of the capital, an area considered a stronghold of resistance. ------ A few miles up the road is the Cowpens battlefield historical site, a monument to the independent, ornery spirit of the upcountry people. During the Revolutionary War, this area was known as the Hornet's Nest for its stinging resistance to the British. Now it is a quiet open field, crossed by the old gravel track of the Green River Road. ------ The idea is opposed by some in the German Parliament out of the fear that what would begin as a temporary measure would become a permanent part of the scene and that there would then be public resistance to tearing down what was, after all, an assault on the former architectural harmony and integrity of Berlin. ------ The sponsors, including Senator Russell D. Feingold, a Wisconsin Democrat, said they expected considerable resistance to the proposal. Mr. McCain said he thought it was unlikely that Congress would act on it this year. ------ The commander of allied ground forces in Iraq, Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez, said that ''professional assassins'' were stalking American troops in Baghdad. He added that military intelligence officials were ''working very hard to identify'' any regional or national networks linking opposition forces that were staging the attacks and acts of sabotage. Intelligence agencies thus far have failed to reveal actual communication networks but it was likely, the general said, that Mr. Hussein had activated a national plan of resistance in advance. ------ Today, while revulsion against terrorism in Kenya is high, there is also resistance to a proposed stringent antiterrorism law that is supported by the United States because of the fear it could be misused. ------ Falluja has been a stronghold of anti-American resistance in the heavily Sunni Muslim area northwest of Baghdad. In late April, soldiers killed 17 people at a demonstration during which they said shots had been fired from the crowd. Last week, part of a mosque compound was destroyed when bomb makers working inside accidentally detonated one of their devices, Americans said. ------ American commanders have made clear in the past that they intend to counter such attacks with aggressive military operations aimed at former Baath Party and paramilitary leaders who are believed to be leading the resistance. ------ Though for years the Mujahedeen preached a Marxist-Islamic ideology, it has modernized with the times. Today, one of the standard lines of the Mujahedeen's National Council of Resistance to politicians in Europe and America is that it is advocating a secular, democratic government in Iran, and that when it overthrows the regime, it will set up a six-month interim government with Maryam as president and then hold free elections. But despite its rhetoric, the Mujahedeen operates like any other dictatorship. Mujahedeen members have no access to newspapers or radio or television, other than what is fed them. As the historian Abrahamian told me, ''No one can criticize Rajavi.'' And everyone must go through routine self-criticism sessions. ''It's all done on tape, so they have records of what you say. If there's sign of resistance, you're considered not revolutionary enough, and you need more ideological training. Either people break away or succumb.'' ------ BUT what about the generation's resistance to giving up ''things'' and living a less expensive life? ------ That pattern, he said, is created when a stock falls, then rebounds toward a previous high, often described as a key resistance level. Those movements form the cup on the stock chart. The handle is formed when a bit of profit-taking occurs, followed by renewed buying that sends the price to new highs. ------ Since President Bush announced the end of major military operations on May 1, it has become increasingly clear that the Iraq war is not over, that there is a concerted campaign of resistance and that Mr. Hussein remains a formidable foe. Over the last 10 days the chief American official in Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, has frequently stressed the importance of capturing or killing Mr. Hussein. ------ American officials in the White House and Iraq have argued that Mr. Hussein's survival encourages resistance, and killing him is therefore a legitimate act of war. But the United States has never before openly marked foreign leaders for killing. Treating it as routine could level the moral playing field and invite retaliation in kind, and makes every American official both here and in the Middle East a target of opportunity. ------ Mr. Bykov, whose fiction portrayed the brutal reality of soldiers' lives in World War II, died on the 62nd anniversary of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. A soldier himself, Mr. Bykov wrote about war in a manner devoid of the standard Soviet romance. He showed what drove deserters to leave, and why not all resistance fighters were heroes. ------ Worse is the fact that Mr. Gleick does not always interpret the theories of these predecessors correctly, especially those of the ancients. He claims that the infinitesimal (which he defines as a quantity ''smaller than any finite quantity, yet not so small as zero'') was ''anathema'' to Aristotle whereas in fact Aristotle embraced the concept, saying in the ''Physics'' that ''in the direction of division every determinate magnitude is surpassed in smallness and there will be a smaller part.'' Mr. Gleick claims that ''the Greeks had a principled resistance to mathematicizing our corruptible, flawed, sublunary world.'' He continues, 'Geometry belonged to the celestial sphere,'' whereas in fact geometry arose out of land surveying, and the term itself is Greek for ''earth measurement.'' ------ Administration officials say there may be resistance if other countries want some say in how money is spent for Iraq. Many officials are adamant that it will be the Coalition Provisional Authority, or C.P.A. -- the current name for the American and British led occupation -- that decides. ------ ''We expect that the summer is not going to be a peaceful summer,'' Mr. Rumsfeld said on the ABC News program ''This Week,'' noting the increased resistance. ''It's pretty clear that in a city or an area, there is coordination. We don't have any good evidence that it's nationwide or even a large region, but it's possible.'' ------ Given the powerful alliance backing the fee increase, the legal action, which will likely be filed on Thursday, is all the more audacious. In fact, given that the government followed established procedures in considering the increase, none of the five carriers expect to persuade the courts to reverse the decision. But the carriers and their supporters say the bureaucrats should understand the growing resistance to their high-handed approach to governing. ------ Most Europeans still hold the view that their resistance to the war was correct, Mr. Patten said, but he said anger toward Washington had subsided and that awareness of a common interest was rising. The trick now is to find a mechanism for cooperation that is acceptable to all sides. ------ ''The market is also running into resistance at the 1,000-1,010 level'' on the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index, he added. ''It's been an obstacle for the market going back a month.'' ------ About 20 state troopers met fierce resistance as they executed the search warrant. Troopers and tribe members wrestled each other to the ground and eight people were taken to a hospital with injuries. Seven people were arrested. Gov. Donald L. Carcieri plans to have independent investigators look into the raid. The police said they had not planned to arrest anyone, only to seize cigarettes, while tribe members said they had been protecting their land. ------ For example, one researcher said, a drug like nevirapine, which can prevent mother-child transmission with just one dose, might be restricted to that use only, so resistance to it cannot grow as it would if thousands of patients were put on it for life. Also, public health authorities could tell doctors which drug combinations to prescribe first, second and third as resistance was encountered. ------ Smaller tests to measure resistance have been done in San Francisco, in a group of nine other American cities and in Switzerland. While some of those studies found higher levels of resistance -- of 225 patients in San Francisco, 27 percent were drug resistant -- the new study is thought to be the first to give a reliable measure of the phenomenon across a broader population, said Dr. Charles Boucher, the virology professor at Utrecht University who led the new study. ------ Some doctors said the study suggested that all new AIDS patients should be tested to determine the drug resistance of the strains infecting them. ------ Other experts said that the findings underscored the need for better guidelines on the medicines' use as the treatment effort gears up. ''It means we have to be smart about how we use the drugs to avoid as much resistance as we can,'' said Dr. Scott M. Hammer, chief of infectious disease at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York, who attended the International AIDS Society conference in Paris this week and saw an early copy of the study. ------ The study tested 1,633 patients from 17 European countries who had just been diagnosed with the virus that causes AIDS and who had not yet been treated for it. (It is nicknamed the Catch study for ''combined analysis of resistance transmission over time of chronically and acute infected H.I.V. patients in Europe.'') ------ Resistance to the first group was found in 6.9 percent of those studied, resistance to the second in 2.6 percent and resistance to protease inhibitors in 2.2 percent. ------ Two new classes of drugs, fusion inhibitors and integrase inhibitors, are still in testing stages, so resistance to them is presumed not to exist yet. ------ No large study of drug resistance has been done in Africa. It is too early, Dr. Boucher said, because so few Africans are getting treatment. ------ For that reason, argued Dr. Roy M. Gulick, a professor at Cornell University's Weill Medical College, there is probably little point in doing expensive tests for resistance in Africa now. ------ ''The risk of resistance in most African populations right now is very low or zero,'' he said. ------ But the growth of resistance ''is a fact of life,'' said Dr. Joep Lange, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Amsterdam and president of the International AIDS Society. ''It happens with antibiotics; it happens with TB. If you use drugs, you'll eventually see resistant strains.'' ------ Therefore, he and other researchers said, when the drugs come to Africa, they must be handed out carefully, with laboratories, doctors and epidemiologists monitoring patients and community resistance. ------ Despite such Keystone Kops embarrassment and the current resistance in Austin, Gov. Rick Perry, a DeLay loyalist who spawned the term Perrymandering, is indicating that he may call another 30-day session when the current one expires. Providing, of course, that Mr. DeLay dictates a further act of political farce in the heart of Texas. ------ The assessment of Iraqi resistance by General Abizaid was a significant change from previous comments by senior Pentagon officials, including Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, who has said that the insurgents' raids were too haphazard to qualify as a guerrilla war or organized resistance. ------ ''The purpose of any raid by tactical officers is to put the suspect in a position where surrender is likely and resistance is futile, and by doing that, the likelihood of them having to shoot the guy goes down,'' Mr. Becker said. ------ Democrats, whose opposition to the bill in the House is unanimous, hailed the postponement as a victory of sorts. They acknowledged that the delay was unlikely to alter the bill significantly, but said that the resistance among House Republicans would temper the Senate's appetite for copying the House bill, given the narrow Republican majority in the Senate. ------ In its Web site, the group, which officially calls itself New Jersey Solidarity -- Activists for the Liberation of Palestine, describes itself as a ''grass-roots organization dedicated to resistance and action in support of the Palestinian struggle for justice, national liberation, human rights and self-determination.'' It goes on to say that it is dedicated to building coalitions and educating the public ''against racism and all forms of oppression,'' and calls for an immediate end to all United States political, military and economic aid to Israel. ------ The pronouncements today by Mr. Sadr, whose influence is particularly strong among Shiites in poor districts of Baghdad and other urban areas, came as another American soldier was killed in Falluja, the city west of Baghdad where violent resistance to American forces has been particularly strong. ------ My own belief is that the latter is not true. Lorenz's student Niko Tinbergen, a leading ethologist and Nobel Prize winner in his own right, was imprisoned by the Nazis on suspicion of resistance activities, so it would be hard to say that his work was ideologically suspect. But, having raised the issue of Lorenz and the Nazis -- and it is surely legitimate to do so (it comes at the end of the chapter, and I was wondering why it had not been mentioned) -- Ridley owes us a more detailed and analytic discussion. ------ While computer commerce and short attention spans are working against the survival of the album, there is, of course, resistance. Metallica, Radiohead, Led Zeppelin, the Beastie Boys and others have refused to sell their music through iTunes because Apple insists on making all songs available separately. They see their albums, not separate songs, as the artistic unit. ------ Palestinians overwhelmingly consider attacks on soldiers and settlers in the West Bank and Gaza to be legitimate resistance to occupation. ''Maybe it's legitimate,'' Mr. Abbas said. But, he said, if such attacks resume, ''we will return to the cycle of violence, because the Israelis will retaliate.'' Palestinians would only lose, he said. ------ Similarly, when Mr. Montagu, now 32, raised the sandwich-selling issue at home, he met resistance. ''I should think I was a bit hesitant to begin with, as I have no personal experience of going into business,'' Lord Sandwich said. ------ Armed resistance to the American-led occupation is coming from a small number of ''professional killers'' drawn from ''remnants of the old regime regrouping in squad-level attacks,'' said the United States administrator for Iraq, L. Paul Bremer III, on ''Fox News Sunday.'' ------ VICTOR DIAZ, the second base prospect acquired from the Los Angeles Dodgers for JEROMY BURNITZ, homered Saturday for Class AA Binghamton and was hitting .545 in his first three games. After expressing resistance Friday, JAE WEONG SEO has worked with the pitching coach, VERN RUHLE, on adding a two-seam fastball to his fastball-changeup repertory. AARON HEILMAN, who will try to earn his first victory on Monday in Philadelphia in his fifth start, has worked on mechanical problems with Ruhle. ... VANCE WILSON was rested after taking a foul tip off his left foot while catching Friday. ... Infielder JORGE VELANDIA was optioned to Class AAA Norfolk to make room for AL LEITER. ------ More than 17 antiretroviral drugs are now available; therapy usually requires 3 of them. Inappropriate drug combinations or inadequate doses can result in side effects, drug resistance and unfortunate interactions between medications. Of particular concern is the spread of drug resistance, highlighted by a report last week that almost 10 percent of new H.I.V. patients in Europe had drug-resistant strains. ------ Doctors face related quandaries. Though taking two antiretroviral drugs can breed drug-resistance in the virus and is less effective than a three-drug combination in suppressing the virus, some prescribe this regimen if their patients cannot afford a third drug. Other physicians, like Dr. Annel in El Salvador, struggle with the ethical burden of distributing an inadequate supply of drugs among many needy patients. ------ In the meantime, Mr. Chang's group is working to minimize drug resistance in poor countries by educating patients and health care workers about the importance of taking medicines consistently and only in prescribed combinations. ------ The World Health Organization has recently set up a coalition to make antiretrovirals affordable and available and to track resistance. ------ Another main goal is to provide anti-H.I.V. drugs to three million people, mostly in Africa, by 2005, although he said experts have told him it is not a realistic goal. But Dr. Lee said he was told the same thing in polio and other projects. Tough challenges are needed to improve the health of a population and health care systems, he said. He has ordered his staff to produce by Dec. 1 a plan that meets his goal and strengthens efforts to prevent infections and keep drug resistance low. ------ Articles in this series will examine challenges facing Japan as it tries to lift itself from 13 years of economic stagnation. Later: whether Japan can open to immigrants, and whether it can overcome resistance to expanding the ranks of professional women. ------ But buyout firms continue to meet cultural, commercial and political resistance, and not just in France. Often, the objections are raised on security concerns. ------ The military has conducted hundreds of raids over the past few weeks, not to seize hundreds of fighters but to confiscate huge caches of weapons and hoards of cash, gold and jewels meant to finance a long-term guerrilla resistance. ------ The mission today may also have a positive effect far beyond quieting the resistance, because it could serve as a big morale boost for the soldiers who have lived, fought and patrolled in the desert for months. ------ Some early accounts of her rescue also quoted Pentagon officials saying that the Special Operations forces that rescued her came under fire during the raid. But Iraqis interviewed in Nasiriya said the commandoes had encountered no resistance. ------ Critics accused the Pentagon of embellishing her story, saying the Bush administration was trying to use Private Lynch to rally public support at a grim phase of the war, when the American-led march to Baghdad seemed stalled by unexpectedly stiff Iraqi resistance. ------ Armed with $300,000 in grants from the National Tree Trust, a group in Washington, Champion Tree Project International seeks two types of specimens: those whose extraordinary size and longevity seem to suggest an in-born resistance to disease, climate change and natural predators, and those whose age and provenance carry the appeal of any historic collectible. ------ Others in Falluja agreed, adding that the resistance to the American presence would persist because it was based in Islam, not allegiance to the old government. ''In Falluja, we don't care about this,'' Abdul Majid Noori, 27, said of the death of Mr. Hussein's sons. ''We care about our religion.'' ------ Only a few weeks ago, support for the F.C.C.'s move by House Republican leaders had been expected to counter the Senate uprising. But many House members from both parties have evidently taken note of the vocal resistance to the F.C.C. action by many members of the public and a broad spectrum of conservative and liberal lobbying groups -- from the National Rifle Association to the National Organization for Women. ------ But on both fronts in recent months, he has faced resistance, most recently with the building Congressional momentum to overturn the rules the F.C.C. approved in June allowing big media companies to get even larger. ------ A prolonged siege could have given guerrillas time to fire on the 200 American forces surrounding the house, officials said. In 1989. Mr. Noriega surrendered after a 10-day standoff with American forces, but he had taken refuge in the Vatican Embassy in Panama, obviously a much more problematic target than the house in Mosul. Finally, administration officials said, capturing the sons alive could have provided the guerrillas with ready-made symbols of American occupation and a rallying point for resistance. ''Nobody is sitting around here second-guessing this one,'' said a senior administration official. ''The important thing is that word spreads in Iraq that these guys are gone for good.'' ------ Mr. Bush met this morning with Mr. Bremer, and reporters gathered in the Rose Garden could see him talking actively to his representative in Baghdad, Mr. Rumsfeld, Vice President Dick Cheney and Condoleezza Rice, the national security adviser. When they emerged, Mr. Bush described the resistance in Iraq as a tactical annoyance. ------ Senator Bob Graham of Florida, who is seeking the Democratic presidential nomination, was co-chairman of the joint Congressional panel. At a news conference today, Mr. Graham made clear he believed cultural and ''institutional resistance'' by government agencies contributed to the failure to prevent the Sept. 11 attacks. ------ Robert S. Mueller III, the F.B.I. director, said his agency had already moved to carry out 10 of the committee's 19 recommendations, including improved terrorism analysis and better training of agents. But other recommendations, like the idea of a cabinet-level official to oversee intelligence, could meet resistance from the Bush administration. ------ A number of tales offer bracing variations on a theme that might be crudely summarized as ''It's the ecology, stupid.'' Even Le Guin's overtly cautionary tales have a delicacy that disarms resistance. Outstanding among these are the almost unbearably poignant ''Fliers of Gy'' and ''The Island of the Immortals,'' which break new ground in exploring the dangers of getting what you wish for. ------ Americans, who at first expected all Iraqis to welcome them as liberators, soon found it wasn't going to be that easy. Now they are using the traditional tools of occupying powers -- intelligence reports, money and brute force -- to try to reweave Iraq's social fabric, which includes persuading diehards to give up their resistance. ------ Even if the new pictures prove persuasive, the big question is likely to remain: Will their deaths weaken the violent resistance to American soldiers? Within just 36 hours of the slaying on Tuesday afternoon, insurgents killed four American soldiers in two attacks in and around Mosul, a northern Iraqi city that had not been a hub of such attacks. And on Wednesday, in front of the house where the attacks occurred, a small but animated group of Hussein loyalists gathered to chant pro-government mantras. ------ ''How can America preach democracy to the world,'' Baker asked, ''and not be concerned with the practice of democracy in New York City, supposedly the most liberal city in the country?'' Baker was dining with actor Roger Rico, a fellow fighter in the French resistance during World War II, his wife Solange, and Bessie Buchanan, reportedly Baker's ex-lover. ------ Years later, after hearing about the Washington Regional Transplant Consortium, the first transplant organization to actively recruit what it calls ''non-designated'' donors, he decided to volunteer a kidney, overcoming the resistance of his wife and his own concern about what would happen if his daughter ever needed a kidney and he was the only match in the family. ------ The most direct way to break Gelfand's resistance was to establish an outside passed pawn with 34 . . . b5 35 cb cb 36 ab Qb5 and then prepare to escort it to the queening square with 37 . . . Qb1. Gelfand had had enough and gave up. ------ Robert A. Wieboldt, the executive vice president of the Long Island Builders Institute, said, ''The town is facing a phenomenal need for senior housing and multi-family housing, but it's getting a lot of resistance to these projects.'' ------ While American officials had held out hope that the killings of Uday and Qusay Hussein would weaken the violent resistance to American troops, attacks by insurgents continued today. One soldier was killed and another wounded at 2:30 a.m. when a rocket-propelled grenade struck their patrol in Al Haswah, about 20 miles south of Baghdad. The soldier was attached to the First Marine Expeditionary Force. ------ The resistance to layoffs has limited the drop in state employment across the nation. Employment hit a peak of 5.023 million state workers in June of last year and has fallen since then by 91,000, or less than 2 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports. At the local government level, employment finally stopped rising this year and flattened out at 13.8 million people, without falling. ------ Touba is still their touchstone, the burial place of the Mourides' founder, Amadou Bamba, a poem-writing mystic who led a campaign of nonviolent resistance to French colonialism in West Africa. He died in 1927. Sheik Mbaké is the youngest of his two surviving sons; the other son, who is close to 90, is called the general caliph of the Mourides and runs Touba. ------ But though the Americans and the Australians remain the sport's superpowers, there are increasingly widespread pockets of resistance. ------ ''Advertisers have gotten past the point of resistance,'' said Jack Myers, editor of the Jack Myers Report, a media industry newsletter heavily subscribed to on Madison Avenue. ''If audience is there, the advertisers are there,'' he said. ------ This is a campus where resistance is an answer to temptation, although there are allegations that Dennehy's tuition, expenses and Chevy Tahoe were impulsive buys from staffers eager to please the player. ------ Though the Americans and Australians remain the sport's superpowers, there are increasingly potent pockets of resistance. The British won eight medals. The Chinese won seven, led by the breaststroker Luo Xuejuan, who swept the 50 and the 100. The Japanese, led by their breaststroke star, Kitajima, won six medals, and those nations could be even bigger factors in Athens. ------ He said he deserted early one morning 20 years ago, walking out from his army post outside the town of Kunduz in northern Afghanistan, across enemy lines and into the hands of the mujahedeen of the Afghan resistance. He was an 18-year-old conscript soldier and an unwilling warrior, he said. The mujahedeen took him prisoner and held him for three years but did not mistreat him, he said. ------ Mr. Previn didn't give up. ''She's very beautiful, of course, but there was something so alluring about her,'' he said. ''And I had the sense that her initial resistance wasn't all that strong.'' ------ In overwhelming numbers, Palestinians euphemize terror attacks, calling them ''resistance operations.'' More extreme Palestinian elements argue that Israel has no civilians because both men and women face compulsory military service. In reality, service is far from universal, and Palestinian attackers have frequently sought out the softest civilian targets, including children. ------ Douglass Cassel, a law professor at Northwestern University, said there was a tension between America's enthusiasm for litigation and its resistance to foreign and international tribunals. ------ Her husband continues without pause: ''And she came home and she said: 'I bought a house. We're going out to Montauk. We're buying a house in Montauk.' And I put up my usual resistance. I said, 'O.K., dear.''' ------ To the Kazakhs near the Small Aral, the benefits will be considerable. In Tastubek, a fishing village of 17 families in clay houses near the Small Sea, the residents are luckier than most people in the region. When the high salinity killed off all of the fish except a flounder introduced in the 1970's for its resistance to salt, a Danish aid program, From Kattegat to the Aral Sea, provided them a few years ago with nets to catch the flounder and refrigerators to store it. ------ Democrats say they have seen more grit from Mr. Roberts as the inquiry has unfolded, but they remain uncertain he will hold the administration accountable should the facts warrant it. They cite his resistance to a formal inquiry and to their call for public hearings on the use of information about Iraq's weapons capability and ties to terrorists. ------ Whatever the source, this caregiver resistance prevents patients from realizing a good death and makes families' grieving and closure more difficult. ------ Although some in the Army resisted cosmetic changes (issuing black berets to all regular troops, for example) and fought against some substantial innovations (developing an armored vehicle on wheels and not treads), General Keane said he expected no resistance if the Army deploys forces outside the traditional echelons of divisions or brigades. ------ But organized attacks began to increase in June. There are about 9,000 former Iraqi military officials who are barred from serving in the new Iraqi military or taking other government jobs because they were senior Baath Party officials. Nobody knows for sure how many are fighting the Americans, but the resistance is believed to number in the thousands. After the upsurge in attacks, American forces mounted a series of big raids. ------ The surfers we meet may be serious young people, far from the beach-bum image of the American International beach pictures of the 1960's, but they all seem to exist in a kind of blissful opposition to the world of work and duty: a ''tribe,'' as Mr. Brown often describes them, whose members recognize one another by their restless sense of adventure and resistance to wearing shoes. ------ In other images, however, resistance evokes ambivalent feelings. Burt Glinn's heroizing -- or is it mock-heroizing? -- shot of Fidel Castro depicts him surrounded by rifle-toting revolutionaries as he delivers a speech. Here we see a liberation movement turning, right before our eyes, into a repressive new status quo. ------ The surge of fighting in the West Bank did not appear to reflect a switch in policy by either the Israelis or the Palestinians, but a combination of a typical Israeli military mission, unusual Palestinian resistance and a simmering local population. ------ Many organizations that came encapsulated resistance to the social changes sought in France by Mr. Chirac and his conservative prime minister, Jean-Pierre Raffarin. ------ Mr. Bové and other organizers chose Larzac because of its notoriety in the 1970's when local farmers went to jail for resisting French government plans to expand a local military base. A decade of stubborn resistance ultimately led President François Mitterrand, after his 1981 election, to drop the plan. The peaceful victory established the plateau and its farmers as symbols of opposition to government dictate. ------ Many critics attack them because, she said, ''they expand the notion of one size fits all'' by imposing uniform standards globally. The accords have met resistance from developing countries, but are favored by the United States and the European Union. ------ The reasons for Pentagon resistance are many, defense officials say. American military leaders are concerned that without a firm resolution of the political battles in Liberia, American troops could get sucked into an endless mission and become targets of Liberian rebels or even foreign terrorists from Al Qaeda. In addition, with 240,000 troops in the Middle East and Afghanistan, American forces are stretched thin. ------ The same term came in handy at the end of the major combat in Iraq. ''Where pockets of dead-enders are trying to reconstitute,'' the Pentagon chief said, the Army was ''rooting them out.'' But as American casualties continued through the summer, Gen. John Abizaid, the Arabic-speaking new head of the United States Central Command, said the attackers were part of a ''classical guerrilla-type war situation.'' That suggested a continuance of low-level combat rather than the petering-out of resistance. ------ For ''West'' (1997), the women installed a corral in the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles. Ms. Carlson rode a rodeo horse -- in 50 performances, she fell off only once -- as a metaphor for conquest. Meanwhile, spectators tried to watch through binoculars that Ms. Strom had equipped with tiny videos of women recounting stories of resistance. ------ ''What strikes me,'' Professor Chauncey says, ''is how closely the resistance to same-sex marriage resembles white people's fears about interracial marriage, which were at the emotional core of their fears about integration in general.'' Now, as in the 1950's and 60's, much of the objection to legally extending marital rights takes the form of religious warnings about a declining ''moral order,'' even though the rights being debated are those granted by the government, not those bestowed (or withheld) by religious denominations. ------ Preventing malaria is a bit more complicated, since there are several strains of the disease; no vaccine against malaria is now available, and resistance to certain antimalarial drugs has developed in many regions of the world. Anyone traveling to certain areas of Central or South America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe or the South Pacific should check sources like the C.D.C. to find out whether antimalarial pills are recommended, and then consult a travel medicine specialist to discuss which drug is appropriate. Clinics are listed at www.istm.org. ------ According to Dr. Phyllis Kozarsky, medical director of the TravelWell Clinic at Emory University in Atlanta and a professor at the Emory University School of Medicine, there are four main antimalarial options available: chloroquine, which has been around the longest but is not effective in certain areas where mosquitoes have developed a resistance to the drug; doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic; mefloquine, marketed as Lariam; and a combination of atovaquone/proguanil hydrochloride, marketed as Malarone. ''There are a variety of issues we look at in helping someone determine which is best for them for their trip,'' Dr. Kozarsky said, mentioning cost, how soon the drug has to be started before entering a malarial region (one to two weeks versus one or two days), how often it has to be taken (weekly versus daily) and side effects. ------ The intensive efforts to court Iraqi commanders, and the subsequent dissolution of the Iraqi Army, offer a partial explanation -- along with the sheer brutality of the bombardment that the Iraqi Army suffered -- for the light resistance that the advancing Americans faced. ------ The rise in PBDE's apparently is occurring in part because the chemicals became more widely used as governments raised flammability resistance requirements for products. California has one of the most stringent antiflammability requirements in the country, though the California environmental toxicologists say tests show that women from Indiana, Colorado, New York, Texas and Canada have levels of PBDE's similar to those of California women. Scientists say it is unclear how PBDE's are getting into humans. California environmental scientists say they have observed high levels of PBDE's in household dust. ------ Furthermore, widespread use of DDT would probably promote selection for resistance in mosquitoes, so the benefits of its use would be short-lived. ------ His invention reads signals that bounce off skin when fingers are placed on a surface embedded with electric conductors. It first applies ''an AC voltage with a variable frequency to at least one electric conductor,'' Mr. Marksteiner writes. The system then records the frequency of electric resistance and conductivity, and the time intervals between each one. Those signals generate a pattern, which he describes as curved in shape. ------ Fixing, or at least mitigating, the worst effects of rich nations' farm subsidies is supposed to be the central effort of the ongoing ''development round'' of World Trade Organization talks. In advance of next month's critical W.T.O. gathering in Cancún, European and Japanese resistance to an aggressive easing of agricultural protectionism is threatening to derail this effort. (Although Congress might ultimately have something to say on the matter, right now American negotiators are pushing for serious subsidy reductions that would prove painful to American farmers.) ------ Dr. Heymann moved on to investigate drug-resistant malaria in Malawi. At the time, doctors measured such resistance primarily by laboratory tests, not by outcomes in patients. Because the laboratory and clinical findings often did not correlate, Dr. Heymann's team sought a more useful measurement. They adapted a method used by car manufacturers to check production quality by testing samples from various lots. ------ The epidemiologists tested a number of blood samples obtained over a one-week period from 34 consecutive malaria patients. Using statistical techniques, the doctors determined that if all 34 responded to antimalarial treatment, the local level of drug resistance was less than 1 percent. If there was one therapy failure, 21 additional patients were tested, and if there were two or more failures, then the resistance level was 10 percent or more. Doctors used the information to guide treatment. The W.H.O. still uses his team's method, Dr. Heymann said. ------ The usual targets of antimalaria drugs until now have been the metabolic enzymes the parasite uses to digest hemoglobin or synthesize building blocks of DNA. But the microbe can develop resistance by waiting for a mutation to arise that helps it sidestep these one-target drugs. A drug that damaged its control system, however, might present a quite different problem. ------ To those trapped in the perennial resistance-versus-collaboration debate, Robert Gildea has done a great service in his new book, ''Marianne in Chains: Daily Life in the Heart of France During the German Occupation.'' Instead of looking at wartime France top-down, he has focused on grass-roots experiences in a tranche of western France stretching from Tours along the Loire Valley to the Atlantic port of St.-Nazaire. And he has done so by studying departmental, municipal and parish records, perusing private journals and listening to aged survivors. ------ Still, resistance lingers. News reports about air-conditioning rarely fail to mention that Legionnaires' disease can be spread through air-conditioning systems. The leftist daily Libération recently warned readers with the headline, ''Air-Conditioning Cools You, While Heating Up the Planet.'' ------ The Central Command statement cited ''the fierce enemy resistance'' that day in that portion of Baghdad, and said Iraqi forces were firing ''from the roofs and windows of surrounding buildings.'' ------ ''The resistance is not only a reaction to the American invasion, it is part of the continuous Islamic struggle since the collapse of the caliphate,'' he said. ''All Islamic struggles since then are part of one organized effort to bring back the caliphate.'' ------ Once established in Baghdad or in the Sunni triangle north of the capital, where much of the armed resistance occurs, the Islamic militants often make common cause with members of the former Baathist government who are also determined to fight Americans. ------ But the report also noted that human health problems from resistance to animal drugs had been rare to begin with in Denmark and had not changed after the ban. ------ Other countries could also discontinue antibiotics for growth promotion, the report said. They would have to meet the conditions in which animals are raised in Denmark, which has high standards for hygiene and sophisticated systems for monitoring antibiotic use and patterns of drug resistance. ------ When the system senses a surge in current, the ''magnetic trigger'' is switched on, and bathes the rods simultaneously in a field that reduces their carrying capacity, a technique that assures that even as the resistance in the rods rises, the current flows evenly. ------ Such an effort indicates concern at Wal-Mart's highest levels about fallout from the company's rapid growth and enormous economic influence. With that ascent has come scrutiny of Wal-Mart's penchant for hiring part-time workers as well as its treatment of female employees, the subject of a pending federal lawsuit, and its resistance to organized labor. ------ Taylor's persistence broke down Ayuso's resistance even more, and what had been dislike became admiration. ------ That debate heated up with President Bush's charge that Europe's resistance to genetically modified foods has made African countries reluctant to accept bio-engineered foods despite widespread hunger there. Similar concerns have arisen in India, which rejected a donation of a soy-corn blend this year because the United States could not certify that it had not been genetically modified. ------ Republicans said improvements in the power delivery system had been held up by environmental and other resistance. ------ The rate of resistance to common malarial drugs like chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has grown so high in Burundi that they are now deemed ineffectual here. ------ Among other factors, community resistance to new lines has been high and continues to prevent new lines from being built, particularly in high-density areas like the northeast. While the federal government can step in and insist on construction of natural gas pipelines, it has no such power related to electrical transmission lines. ''People want more power, but they don't want those lines,'' said Stephen Floyd, a nuclear engineer and a vice president of the Nuclear Energy Institute, the Washington lobby for the nuclear-power industry. ''Something's got to give sometime, because the system is really reaching its capacity in terms of what you'd like to have for a margin of safety.'' ------ Like nowhere else in Europe, Warsaw's Roman Catholic churches are full -- with people of all ages. Their interiors are often of light and cheerful Baroque style; so are the sung Masses. Just as they reflected defiance and resistance during the centuries of oppression, so now the churches ring out optimism. For perhaps the first time in a thousand years of Polish history, it seems justified. ------ Proposals to build new transmission lines to carry power down the Hudson Valley to New York City, which have often faced resistance upstate, suddenly gained new life in the minds of some Republicans and Democrats. So did plans for new lines to feed power to Manhattan from New Jersey. The Pataki administration's efforts to promote renewable sources of electricity are also likely to get a boost. ------ According to a survey this month by the Iraq Center for Research and Strategic Studies, nearly half of the Iraqis polled attribute the violence to provocation by American forces or resistance to the occupation (even more worrisome, the Arabic word for ''resistance'' used in the poll implies a certain amount of sympathy for the perpetrators). In the towns of Ramadi and Falluja, where many of the recent attacks have taken place, nearly 90 percent of respondents attributed the attacks to these causes. ------ Shiites widely supported the operation to remove Saddam Hussein, but they are furious about what they see as American incompetence since the war. This set the stage for religious extremists. Moktada al-Sadr, a vitriolic cleric in Basra, says he has recruited a 5,000-man Shiite army to take on the occupiers. In public he is urging his followers to engage in ''peaceful'' resistance, but some have told Western reporters that they are prepared to carry out ''martyrdom operations'' if and when they receive orders to do so. ------ The superior numbers of the antidrilling forces have led to decades of restrictions on new offshore exploration along much of the nation's coast. Lawmakers allied with the oil industry regard the refusal as a slap at their own states and a resistance to contribute to domestic energy needs. ------ That sentiment has spilled into the fight over drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as Republicans, a few Democrats and the Bush administration have worked to open up reserves there. But resistance to that idea has been bipartisan as well. Democrats in the Senate have only been able to block it with the help of moderate Republicans. ------ Even the Bush people, who tend to look at excruciatingly difficult problems and say no prob, were shaken by yesterday's carnage, which delivered a terrible truth: just because we got Uday and Qusay, Iraqi militants are not going to stop blowing up Westerners. Even if we get Saddam, the resistance will no doubt keep at it, hoping the dictator will enjoy the carnage from paradise. ------ More must be done to reestablish security for Iraqis, aid workers and American troops, without creating a bunker mentality that walls foreigners off from the Iraqi population. Washington needs to accelerate its efforts to restore vital services and normal economic life. The administration should also drop its ideological resistance to a larger U.N. role in Iraq -- and prevail on the U.N. to maintain its presence, despite the terrible bloodshed. ------ The resistance took its toll. ------ Nevertheless, the S.& P. 500 was bumping up against technical resistance near the psychologically crucial 1,000 mark, traders said. On Tuesday, the Nasdaq composite racked up its highest close in about 16 months, and the Dow average etched out its highest close in 14 months. ------ ''This is a dream for the jihad,'' said one high-ranking U.N. official. ''The resistance will only grow. The American occupation is now the focal point, drawing people from all over Islam into an eye-to-eye confrontation with the hated Americans. ------ Judge Myron H. Thompson of Federal District Court, who has presided over this case brought by several civil liberties groups, tried to take the path of least resistance. It was nine months ago, on Nov. 18, that Judge Thompson issued his own commandment: Thou shalt remove thy monument. ------ ''He should get rid of the gangs here before he even thinks of any measures against the Palestinian resistance,'' said one of the men, referring to the militant groups Hamas and Islamic Jihad. ------ Mr. Majid was appointed to deal with the Kurdish resistance in 1987. Unlike the military commanders he replaced, he had no qualms about pursuing a brutal policy of forced relocations and massacres against a people who sympathized with Iran, which was then at war with Iraq. ------ Although the movie's final words -- from ''State of Siege,'' a militant poem by Mahmoud Darwish -- call for continued Palestinian resistance and faith in the future, its portrait of Jerusalem as a gridlocked powder keg is far from encouraging. STEPHEN HOLDEN ------ Ms. Brandes-Brilleslijper was in the wartime Jewish resistance, forging identification papers to help other Jews escape the Nazis, before she and Anne Frank were deported out of Amsterdam. They both survived stays in the Westerbork and Auschwitz camps. ------ At the same time, affluent consumers' resistance to paying sticker price for all but the trendiest vehicles has grown. They have seen deals mushroom for lower-price cars and figure they deserve a bargain, too, Mr. Pinelli said. ------ Analog, Mr. Dacyshyn said, has served as ''a style lab, where our more progressive riders and customers were willing to go.'' One of the first styles, a bright orange jumpsuit, met with resistance, but now, he said, ''everybody wants that suit.'' ------ ''It's almost the same thing, save for a few minor adjustments,'' Mr. Ferreira said of the workout set-up, which positions 10 hydraulic resistance machines for different parts of the body inside a mock boxing ring. ------ And a score-settling one at that. She uses the book to lash out at the ideological losers of the prewar period, the Central Intelligence Agency and the State Department, saving her greatest wrath for the nation's spy service. Most observers will recall that the White House and Pentagon easily steamrolled over the few pockets of institutional resistance in Washington on the drive to Baghdad. Yet Mylroie seems to believe that the national security bureaucrats very nearly derailed the war, and only the certitude of the president himself carried the day. ------ Norway is now second only to the United States in NATO in per capita spending on defense. But even with the military, there is resistance. Officers have lost commands, and others have resigned, complaining that they didn't sign up for the new proactive role Devold has envisioned for Norway. ''Many of my colleagues say they joined the military to defend Norway,'' explains Gen. Sverre Diesen, commander of Norwegian land forces, ''and not to embark on foreign adventures. We're trying to explain to people that security problems are becoming globalized. Osama bin Laden doesn't just hate America. He wants to destroy the entire Western way of life. So we, too, have interests in places like Afghanistan. I don't need to wait for someone to blow up the train station in Oslo to see that.'' ------ And it won't be easy, because the power struggles aren't over yet. Summers has announced that he will extend the tenure review process. Previously, the university president's power to review -- and perhaps veto -- tenure decisions applied to only the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a few other schools. The law school, which has made a series of what Summers calls ''idiosyncratic choices'' in the awarding of tenure, has put up the most resistance to this extension of presidential power. Summers has already trampled on several proposed appointments to the college, which of course only increases apprehension elsewhere. Minow said, ''I think a lot of people think it's a bad idea,'' though she personally is waiting to see whether Summers exercises the judiciousness and restraint he has promised. She and her colleagues may also not agree that they have accepted, as Summers told me they have, ''some of the concerns about inbredness, political correctness, lack of intellectual energy that were seen on the outside.'' And they may not view the fact that he said so as a token of judiciousness and restraint. ------ A grim prospect, perhaps, but a realistic one. We need to stop pretending that the grid is ever going to be a perfectible machine. Just as bacteria eventually develop resistance to the antibiotics used to kill them, the defense of the grid will require ever-more inventive strategies on our part. We should recognize that the power grid needs to evolve and adapt, just like any other successful living creature. ------ The new study, by researchers from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Yale and the College of Staten Island, is not so much about the removal of contaminants, but about how a species of sediment-dwelling worm in the cove also cleaned up its act. The worm, a crucial part of the food chain, rapidly lost its resistance to cadmium in the years after the restoration. ------ The researchers, whose study was published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, estimated that it took 9 to 18 generations for the worms to lose their resistance. They suggest that such a genetic-based reversal was a good measure of an environmental restoration project in that it directly linked the cleanup to the removal of food chain contaminants. ------ A third area is initiating activities or tasks or generating ideas independently. Those operations can be a huge challenge for many people with weak executive functioning. Dr. Deborah Waber, a learning disabilities specialist at Children's Hospital in Boston, says some young students can be ''reactive to what's there,'' as opposed to stepping back and thinking it through. Mentally, she adds, they ''take the path of least resistance and exhibit a superficial stimulus-driven approach to the world.'' ------ Mr. Abbado seems less worried, believing that time will erode resistance to avant-garde music. ''It was always like that,'' he said. ''After the war, when I first heard Berg, Schoenberg, Bartok, Stravinsky, I had a reaction: 'This is not music.' Today it is classical music. It is like learning a language. Schoenberg is so difficult, you say. But if you study Gesualdo and Monteverdi, then Bach, and if you know Schubert, Mahler, then you'll understand Schoenberg.'' ------ Mr. Rumsfeld sought to play down the resistance in Iraq, and called the guerrilla fighters ''dead-enders.'' ------ Anthony H. Cordesman, a military analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, said much of the German postwar resistance came from Hitler youth zealots, not hard-core SS officers. ------ Perhaps even more challenging than these organizational changes are the cultural changes required. Within NASA, the cultural impediments to safe and effective shuttle operations are real and substantial, as documented extensively in this report. The board's view is that cultural problems are unlikely to be corrected without top-level leadership. Such leadership will have to rid the system of practices and patterns that have been validated simply because they have been around so long. Examples include the tendency to keep knowledge of problems contained within a center or program, making technical decisions without in-depth peer-reviewed technical analysis, and an unofficial hierarchy or caste system created by placing excessive power in one office. Such factors interfere with open communication, impede the sharing of lessons learned, cause duplication and unnecessary expenditure of resources, prompt resistance to external advice and create a burden for managers, among other undesirable outcomes. Collectively, these undesirable characteristics threaten safety. . . . ------ After much resistance, the Navy departed this troubled paradise on May 1. But the Navy's absence has opened opportunities for the development of the largely uninhabited acres that it left behind. (Nearly half has become a wildlife refuge overseen by the Interior Department.) The question now is how bucolic Vieques -- population 9,106 and known for beaches, wild horses and the micro-organisms that make bioluminescent Mosquito Bay sparkle and glow -- can preserve its pristine landscapes while encouraging new homes and accompanying amenities. ------ Another apparent challenge to Vieques's future is cultural. Several business owners on the island said they have detected an atmosphere of anti-gringoism among some islanders, as well as resistance to off-island investors by the mayor of Vieques, Dámaso Serrano. The sources, who did not want to be identified, reported that Mr. Serrano has been a no-show at scheduled meetings. ------ He also remembered that when he was young his mother told him that several times she had tried to run away from her husband. ''That was an extraordinary thing for her to admit to her children,'' he said. ''She didn't get very far, but that was an open declaration of resistance. I think it contributed to me becoming more rebellious.'' This ''silent negative'' -- objecting, but not directly acting on one's objection -- is, he said, a family trait. ------ Back then, city officials found a solution: they provided all treatment plants with backup generators, which functioned properly, for the most part, during the blackout earlier this month. But no generator was ever built at the 13th Street Pump Station, a failure caused by a mixture of administrative lethargy and delays brought on by stiff community resistance. ------ The Cape Wind project has prompted some of the fiercest resistance that any wind developer has encountered recently, although projects in other parts of the country have been halted by community opposition. ------ So far, the White House and the Pentagon have resisted calls from lawmakers and others to bolster the American force in an effort to suppress the resistance. The administration is trying hard to persuade other countries, including France and Russia, to contribute troops to the operation, but many have said they will not do so unless it is given a fresh mandate by the United Nations. ------ With nearly 140,000 American soldiers still in Iraq, the military costs alone are running at nearly $4 billion a month, administration officials have said. More American troops have been killed since major combat operations ended than during them, at least 64 of them by hostile fire in a guerrilla resistance that shows no sign of dissipating. ------ DNA testing, which was not available at the time of either trial and which was performed recently only after fierce resistance from two sets of Florida prosecutors, showed that the hairs and the semen could not have come from the defendants. ------ Bartleby's boss -- an utterly conventional man who does ''a snug business among rich men's bonds and mortgages and title-deeds'' -- is oddly accepting of Bartleby's almost mystical resistance. Rather than fire his recalcitrant employee, he keeps trying to persuade him to get to work. ------ In time, the boss moves his law firm out of the offices that Bartleby haunts day and night. When a new lawyer moves in, Bartleby is taken away to the Tombs, New York's aptly named prison. Bartleby continues his calm resistance there by refusing the food: ''I prefer not to dine,'' he tells the cook. His passivity eventually kills him, and the tale ends with a much-quoted exclamation: ''Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!'' ------ From time to time Lady Eccles encountered resistance to her large-scale purchases of remaining Johnson and Boswell memorabilia in Britain. She had trouble with a patriotic Scottish customs officer when she took five trunks of Boswell papers from Colonel Isham's collection aboard the Queen Mary at Southampton. In 1968, Hugh Mainwaring, who owned the journal Mrs. Thrale kept from 1766 to 1778, refused to sell her the manuscript privately, though she subsequently got it at a Sotheby's auction. ------ That began to change in the 19th century. As social structures became more complex, the success of the central African kingdoms depended increasingly on territorial expansion through raiding, colonizing and annexing of neighboring lands. At the same time, Tutsi cattle raisers in search of more land began to emerge as a new elite and a driving force behind expansion. The kingdoms of Rwanda and Uganda were particularly expansionist, but were soon thwarted by the arrival of colonial powers. The immediate effect of colonialism was to reorient the stratified and dynamic societies of the Great Lakes around competing poles of collaboration with, and resistance to, the new foreign occupiers. ------ Although United does not have a subsidiary comparable to Pinnacle, it could use its new shares after reorganization to help shore up its employee pension plans. That could meet with employee resistance, given their experience with the employee stock ownership plan that was wiped out by bankruptcy. And if United wanted to make a significant stock contribution -- more than 10 percent of pension fund assets -- it would have to get special approval from the Labor Department. ------ Arnold makes clear that he is there to ''nail'' Furtwängler as a de facto Nazi, Hitler's ''bandleader,'' who, he claims, made only token efforts at resistance while advancing his career. He points to egregious occasions, as when Furtwängler performed for Hitler's birthday, or when he led the Berlin Philharmonic on the eve of a large Nazi rally in Nuremberg. ------ When I dropped by National House, the inn's owner, Barbara Bradley, was setting out lemon meringue and coconut cream pies in the front parlor for afternoon tea. During an impromptu tour of the inn, Ms. Bradley pointed out a door leading to what was once a basement hiding place for escaped slaves heading for Canada. Like many towns in this part of the state, Marshall was a stop on the underground railroad. Residents still take pride in their ancestors' resistance in 1847 to Kentucky bounty hunters attempting to recapture Adam Crosswhite, an escaped slave who had settled in Marshall. The outraged citizens then helped the Crosswhite family make it to Canada. ------ There was resistance to tying compensation so tightly to customer satisfaction because it is so much more difficult to measure fairly than sales and profits. In the end, the customer satisfaction advocates, strongly encouraged by Mr. Ballmer, prevailed. ------ He is gray-haired, but still preaching armed struggle. The Weathermen bombed buildings; does he support Palestinian bombings of Israeli buses filled with ordinary people? Yes: ''I support the right of the Palestinians to armed resistance against the civilian population of Israel.'' ------ When he wasn't meeting secretly with energy lobbyists, Mr. Cheney was meeting secretly with Iraqi exiles. The Iraqi National Congress leader Ahmad Chalabi and other defectors conned Mr. Cheney, Rummy and the naïve Wolfowitz of Arabia by playing up the danger of Saddam's W.M.D.'s and playing down the prospect of Iraqi resistance to a U.S. invasion. ------ But many business leaders assert that unions are facing problems organizing workers not because of corporate resistance but because many American workers see unions as outmoded and irrelevant. ------ But he still meets resistance, he said. One parent told him that a fund award would seem like ''blood money.'' The man seemed only partly persuaded by Mr. Wolf's argument that he should file a claim and ''do something wonderful with the money -- establish a foundation, give it to charity in your daughter's name.'' ------ The upcoming election cycle is likely to make it even more difficult to achieve progress on critical issues like homeland security. Members of Congress should be judged not so much by their patriotic rhetoric as their unwillingness thus far to adequately finance security at the nation's highly vulnerable ports or to begin inspecting cargo shipments aboard passenger jets. The Coast Guard estimates that $1 billion is needed next year to begin securing the ports; Congress so far has gone no higher than $150 million. And as Washington prepares to remember Sept. 11, Congress should press beyond White House resistance for the fullest inquiry into the terrorist plot's causes and money trail. ------ Leadership from the president might make all the difference. But Mr. Bush offered no sign of resistance when his African AIDS program failed to get full financing, just like his ballyhooed No Child Left Behind education program. Our best hope is that moderate Republicans will demand that their party do better before the voters have a new chance to judge its performance. ------ Until a week ago, Najaf, about 110 miles south of Baghdad, had experienced little of the violence that has been common in Baghdad and some other parts of Iraq. The explanation lies in the memories here of Saddam Hussein's vicious persecution of the Shiites, compared with the favoritism he showed Sunni Muslims in central Iraq -- who are believed to have instigated much of the resistance against the American troops. ------ Virtually all commercial plums are large, juicy Asian varieties or European types like prunes, greengages and damsons. But there are also about two dozen native American species, many notable for hardiness and disease resistance, bearing mostly small, tart and tannic fruit. ------ Anti-retroviral therapy ''is the No. 1 priority for the developing world,'' said Robert C. Gallo, director of the Institute for Human Virology and a pioneer in researching H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. ''But it will be a tragic mistake if it's not done right. You'll have 'Eureka!' and 'Thank you, America!' for two or three years -- but then you'll get multi-drug resistance, and whoops. . . .'' ------ Africa can still do better than the West, they say, by avoiding old mistakes. Today's drugs are more potent and no one will spend years on one drug, thereby breeding resistance, as many Westerners did on AZT before triple therapy emerged in 1996. ------ No formal resistance study has been done, but Nigerian doctors are worried about a few patients who are taking all their pills but not getting better -- a sign that they might have resistant strains. ------ The survey offers a snapshot of changing attitudes since the Bush administration, frustrated by some European resistance to war, led a coalition to battle in Iraq without the authorization of the United Nations Security Council. President Bush said on Tuesday that he would seek United Nations' help to strengthen military forces in Iraq. ------ What to do instead? Wash your hands with plain soap and water. Although it does not kill germs, vigorous washing effectively dislodges them from your hands. Instead of hanging onto your hands and potentially entering your mouth or nose where they can wreak havoc, the germs simply go down the drain. (If you're really concerned about exposure to germs, ordinary rubbing alcohol helps to dry and kill most germs, but does not result in resistance to antibiotics.) ------ Defense lawyers say they hope the dual use of DNA evidence in the case will reduce resistance among prosecutors to allow prisoners to challenge convictions with DNA tests. They say the case demonstrates that DNA can not only prove innocence, but also pinpoint culprits. ------ Quintana Island's attraction lies not only in its proximity to a plant that uses natural gas as a raw material but also in its location near the center of the nation's energy industry. That, it is hoped, will make political resistance to such projects tepid compared with the safety, aesthetic and environmental concerns in places like Northern California and Massachusetts. ------ One of the factories it could not penetrate was the Triangle, whose owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, had led the resistance to the strike. Like many of the owners, Blanck and Harris were immigrants themselves, who had worked their way up from the bottom and now churned out thousands of shirtwaists, an early form of women's blouse that was a highly popular item in the booming new business of ready-to-wear clothes. By 1909 it was a $1.3 billion industry ($23 billion in today's dollars), but a fickle one, which turned on the smallest efficiencies and on ''sweating'' every cent out of labor costs. ------ It was not surprising to see Benham and his followers exercised by the court's decision in Lawrence, nor was it surprising to see them embrace their defeat as an opportunity to rally the faithful. Dramatic resistance to the court, after all, is their reason for being. But in the months since Lawrence, what has been startling is how many social conservative leaders with larger constituencies have also come to view Lawrence as an unexpected and welcome political opportunity. It was four years ago, after the Senate refused to convict President Clinton of high crimes and misdemeanors, that Paul M. Weyrich, one of the leading conservative strategists in America, sent a letter to his supporters conceding defeat in the culture wars and advising them to ''tune out'' of the modern world. With Lawrence, however, social conservatives are suddenly talking as if they've been given a chance to tune back in. As the Rev. Richard John Neuhaus, the editor of the religious journal First Things, told me, ''People really think that on this one they have a winner.'' ------ The outcome of the next phase of the culture wars is far from certain. But if social conservative leaders are able to convert the ambivalence of the country as a whole about gay marriage into active resistance, then Lawrence could have the paradoxical effect of setting back the cause of gay and lesbian equality at a moment when greater acceptance of gay life had seemed inevitable. This would be an unfortunate paradox, but hardly an unprecedented one. ------ Liberals who came of age in the postwar era like to think of the Supreme Court as a heroic check on the tyranny of the majority, and Lawrence has been heralded in this vein. But it's not clear that this picture of the court's role in the culture wars is historically accurate. In the decades after World War II, it was political agitation -- in particular, the efforts of the civil rights and women rights movements -- rather than the Supreme Court that was primarily responsible for the expansion of equality in America and the steady growth of a libertarian national consensus. On those occasions when the Supreme Court ruled in favor of expanding rights, it was typically reflecting a change in public opinion, not marching as an advance guard. For most of Earl Warren's tenure as chief justice, the court's decisions were remarkably popular with a majority of Americans. The court's decision in 1963 to ban the Lord's Prayer and the reading of Bible verses in school was supported by mainstream Protestants as well as Catholics. In the late 1960's, the court's decisions liberalizing pornography also provoked no significant backlash. As the pill, the sexual revolution and the women's movement were transforming American sexual mores, the court's opinions inspired resistance only among small groups of social conservatives, mostly evangelicals in the South. ------ But can a war on terror be fought alone? The allies have intelligence networks and some good counterterrorist squads, and in a battle with Al Qaeda, the biggest breaks have come from the police work of specialists in Spain, Britain, Germany and Pakistan. In a war on terror, an isolated America whose military power awakens even the resistance of its friends may prove a vulnerable giant. ------ Perhaps most troubling is the sense among allied officials that they are in a contest with the insurgents for the long-term support of the Iraqi people. Officials worry that the continuing security problems, lack of reliable electricity and water -- especially in the searing summer heat -- and the guerrillas' ability to use hoarded or stolen money (or ransom from kidnappings) to recruit disaffected former Iraqi Army or security service personnel, or even out-of-work Iraqi farmers or fishermen, could fuel long-term resistance. ------ To what extent Mr. Hussein himself, who is most likely being harbored by relatives or former government supporters, is influencing the resistance is also an open question. American intelligence analysts say the Baath cells are organized at best on regional level, casting doubt on the possibility that Mr. Hussein is giving any overarching direction. ------ It was then that, despite resistance from Ariel Sharon, the Israeli prime minister, Mr. Bush endorsed the road map -- a series of reciprocal actions that would supposedly be carried out by both sides -- drafted by the United States in partnership with the European Union, the secretary general of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, and the Russians. ------ Outside, Mr. Haniya was given a hero's welcome when he arrived at the hospital uninjured. As people cheered, he turned to the crowd and said: ''I am promising you I will keep to the road of resistance, of Jihad,'' he shouted. ''We won't kneel down.'' ------ Despite the rising number of elderly residents, developers' plans to build housing for older people in many municipalities in Westchester have faced regulatory hurdles as well as resistance from residents who cite fears of increased traffic, loss of real estate taxes, declining property values and other potential negatives. A crisis in the elderly-housing industry in the late 1990's hurt financing, too. And so, many projects under consideration in Westchester were abandoned, including proposals in Pelham, Hastings and Scarsdale. ------ ''It applies cryogenics -- a supercold state -- to the cable so that there is less resistance and more power can flow through the line,'' Mr. Cunningham said. ------ The film has a buzzy, eccentric, murmured quality -- the kind of small-town chatter you could overhear at a diner -- and both the songs and the movie echo one of the themes often found in Mr. Young's material: a resistance to change. ''Oh, that's true,'' he said agreeably. ''I don't think there's anyone who knows me who wouldn't agree with that.'' ------ Over Mr. Arafat's resistance, Mr. Qurei helped push measures through the parliament this spring that gave the prime minister considerable authority. At one point, during a shouting match with Mr. Arafat as he defended the parliament's actions, Mr. Qurei collapsed in a chair, complaining of shortness of breath, and was taken to the hospital. ------ The scientists found that the grasses that grow alongside spotted knapweed in Europe are much better able to resist its toxins than native North American grasses. Scientists say this suggests that the European grasses have evolved a resistance to this potent toxin, one that North American grasses lack. ------ Meanwhile, Amgen will license a drug aimed at fighting the insulin resistance that characterizes type 2 diabetes, which accounts for most cases of that disease. ------ Alternating electrical current, which pulses through most of the nation's grid, has been likened by energy experts to a river that will follow the path of least resistance. ------ Even if it hurts, as a lot of it does. But if Ms. Stubin-Amelio suggests taking a break or taking it easier, Mrs. Manning refuses. Sometimes, as she works at a computer-controlled resistance machine, she even demands, ''Make it harder!'' ------ Some Iraqi intellectuals welcome the idea, saying their country will never have a successful democracy until its citizens face the truth about Mr. Hussein. Others worry that they will be force-fed a victor's sense of history, or a sweeping condemnation that would belittle their own acts of resistance. ------ Ms. Torres keeps things light and subtly spicy. She also likes the idea of a two-way exchange between Mexican and American foods. Salmon picks up a sweetly smoky flavor after marinating in mezcal, tequila's country cousin. The fish is served as a tartare with an avocado-grapefruit salad and plantain chips. A light cream sauce flavored with smoked jalapeños picks up the richness in lobster and corn fritters, while offering some resistance to the sweetness of the ingredients. ------ ''It's the path of least resistance,'' said Vincent Verterano, head government bond trader at Nomura Securities. ''There's a lack of anybody willing to short the market.'' ------ At a hearing of the Armed Services Committee today, Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, said, ''We underestimated the size of the challenge that we would face after the military operations, unquote, were completed -- the Baathist resistance, the former military people melting into the population, etc.'' ------ Hispanic leaders did not oppose Mr. Estrada because he is Hispanic. Catholic senators like Richard Durbin and Patrick Leahy do not oppose William Pryor, a nominee to the United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, because he is Catholic. Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer do not oppose Priscilla Owen, a nominee to the United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, because she is a woman. Mr. Estrada would not answer senators' questions. Mr. Pryor and Ms. Owens have met resistance for their archconservative views. ------ Bernard McDaid, 41, who was abused as a boy, said that after so many years of living with the experience of having been molested and then of the church's resistance to helping him, today's settlement seemed surreal. ------ Captain Martin said doctors were looking into possibilities that included a resistance by falciparum to the drug the marines have been taking. ------ At Logan, for example, screeners said most resistance comes from pilots. Other travelers seem grateful. ------ Ariel Sharon, the Israeli prime minister, has been openly disdainful of the quartet's participation, and Mr. Bush resisted endorsing the proposal until after the Iraq war. His resistance still rankles among many European envoys, especially as the European Union contributes more than a third of the Palestinian Authority's $1 billion annual budget. ------ The Bush administration undertook the ''road map'' to peace, and pressed the Palestinians to stop resistance. No pressure was put on Israel. Israel is in violation of not only the peace plan, but also many United Nations resolutions and international laws. We provide Israel with billions of dollars in annual aid. We have to pressure Israel to end the occupation, for peace. ------ Khaldiya, the site of the second attack, is in the Sunni Triangle, an area north and west of Baghdad that has been the center of resistance to the American occupation. Sunni Muslim Arabs make up one-fifth of the population of Iraq but have long dominated the country's political and economic life, and many Sunnis fear that the United States occupation may end that primacy. ------ In the audiotape, Mr. Zawahiri called on resistance fighters in Iraq to attack American forces there. The C.I.A. said on Thursday that the voice on the audiotape attributed to Mr. Zawahiri was ''probably'' authentic. ------ Two more United States soldiers were killed in a separate raid early this morning in Ramadi, another center of Iraqi resistance, a military spokesman said. No further details were available. Since the beginning of the Iraq war, 292 soldiers have been killed in Iraq and Kuwait, including 152 since President Bush declared on May 1 that major American combat operations had ended. ------ ''This Medicare card is like a gold card that lets you go to any doctor you want,'' Dr. Colton said. ''I see it every day. When there's no control on utilization, it's just the path of least resistance. If a patient says, 'My shoulder hurts, I want an M.R.I., I want to see a shoulder specialist,' the path of least resistance is to send them off. You have nothing to gain by refusing.'' ------ ''I came to be a change agent,'' he said. ''And for a company like that -- paternalistic, hierarchical, with people who had done a great job for 30 years -- there was huge resistance. It wasn't easy, but it was a pleasure because it was very challenging.'' ------ In the shorter run, if Washington softens its stubborn resistance to broader U.N. involvement, peacekeeping troops from countries like Pakistan, India, Turkey and Egypt could be useful. Unfortunately, that shift cannot really get under way until things become a lot less dangerous than they are right now. Besides the American military, the only other forces potent enough to help make that happen are those of some Western European countries. The most optimistic assessment of what the United States could expect from these modest-sized militaries, many of them with commitments elsewhere, is probably about 30,000 additional troops. ------ After fighting for the French in the 1950's, the Hmong, a hill tribe with a long history of resistance to outside authority, were recruited in the 1960's by the Central Intelligence Agency as auxiliaries in the shadow war fought against the Communist Pathet Lao. ------ ''The population has grown up in an atmosphere in the postwar period where Sweden was not part of any alliance and that has produced an extra resistance to handing over our decision-making to anyone else,'' he said. ------ Rowan's nascent expansion has also met with some resistance in Camden, where the university wants to take over an entire block to build a $10-million, five-story building. ------ She said children could handle different levels of commitment to their time at different ages, and that resistance was a sure sign that an activity had run its course. ------ ''There's no question but what we've encountered resistance,'' Mr. Cheney said. ''But I don't think anybody expected the time we were there to be absolutely trouble-free.'' ------ Others, however, said that Mr. Koizumi was on the right track, and that resistance inside the party and the long economic slump made rapid change impossible. ------ Adequate blood levels of mefloquine could point to significant resistance among malaria parasites in Liberia to the drug. Some people have reported getting malaria despite taking mefloquine regularly. But Dr. Martin said that doctors at the State Department were not aware of resistant malaria among embassy personnel in the area. ------ Tests also are being conducted to determine the degree of resistance of the malaria parasites that infected the marines. ------ The Mets provided little resistance. Cubs starter Matt Clement overcame a lingering groin injury to allow three infield singles and an unearned run in seven innings. ------ However, Condoleezza Rice, President Bush's national security adviser, took issue with the assertion of broad Iraqi dissatisfaction with the presence of American troops, declaring that the United States was making headway in the places like Baghdad and Tikrit, where much of the resistance is centered. ------ Today, some Defense Department officials said the role played by foreign extremists, including members of the Lebanese resistance group Hezbollah, remained a source of increasing concern. ------ But barring a speedy withdrawal of American forces from Iraq, which the administration has ruled out, the recent intelligence assessments give little reason to expect that the resistance will calm down soon, the defense officials said. ''It's going to be a hard slog, and it's hard to see when or if the picture is going to get any brighter,'' one official said. ------ The speeding up of plans to deploy an Iraqi army that might relieve some of the pressure on American forces comes against a backdrop of mounting difficulties in Iraq for the Bush administration. Attempts to raise billions of dollars for reconstruction, to secure more foreign troops to deploy there, and to stamp out resistance to the American-led occupation have met with mixed results. ------ In Afghanistan, too, success still seems elusive. Striking differences exist between the countries, not least the larger scale of the resistance in Iraq. In Afghanistan an international coalition forged before the war has held, with countries like Germany and Canada still sending troops, while in Iraq the Americans are laboring largely alone. ------ At the root of the resistance for many -- besides a perhaps decisive fondness for getting things free -- is a complaint that the record industry is trying to take away the ability to make copies of music to use personally and to share with friends -- a practice that Americans have long enjoyed. ------ Inexpensive modern media, like the audio- or videotape, have helped level the playing field between small rebellions and large established states. They can reach huge audiences regardless of where they are or their level of literacy. The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was exiled by the Shah of Iran in 1964, but because audiocassettes of his sermons circulated through clandestine networks, he could assume immediate control over the opposition when he returned in 1979. In Somalia, opposition to the dictator Siad Barre took the form of oral poetry dictated onto audiocassettes. Barre tried arresting the poets, but the cassettes continued to multiply, and the people who gathered to listen to them formed a nucleus of armed resistance. During Somalia's civil war in the early 1990's, northern Somali rebels kept up the appearance of strength when they were on the run by operating a radio station from a transmitter strapped to the back of a camel. ------ Indeed, Western governments have often used pirate broadcasting. The broadcasts of Radio London into Nazi-occupied Europe helped to keep the hopes of the antifascists alive. And the BBC and Voice of America, as well as the increasing availability of television sets and VCR's, are thought to have played an enormous role in the collapse of the Soviet empire. Millions of easy-to-copy videocassettes began to circulate in Eastern Europe in the 1980's, creating a powerful network of resistance. ''The VCR killed Ceausescu even before his execution,'' writes the Romanian scholar Vladimir Tismaneanu. ''It was the most important factor in terms of creating a mass consciousness.'' ------ None of this takes anything away from Ms. Carey's extraordinary ability to bring down the house every five minutes. Her show-stoppers are so grandiose (and numerous) that resistance seems futile: ''Through the Rain,'' ''My All,'' ''My Saving Grace,'' ''Bringin' on the Heartbreak,'' ''Vision of Love,'' ''Hero.'' ------ In Tikrit, the military reported several hours of skirmishes overnight after three American soldiers were killed there late on Thursday. Officers said the fighting today appeared more organized and tenacious than that in many of the earlier attacks on troops here. The military reported that it had arrested as many as 60 militants in the fight in Mr. Hussein's hometown, a center for resistance to the occupation. ------ VARTAN GREGORIAN has had an enviably diverse and distinguished career. Born in 1934 to a poor family of Christian Armenians in Tabriz, Iran, he managed to overcome the resistance of his demanding and conservative father to study history at Beirut and then -- miraculously, it seemed -- at Stanford. From then on almost nobody could stop him. He taught at major American universities, worked his way up to the powerful post of provost at the University of Pennsylvania (only to be brutally, even treacherously, passed up for its presidency -- his single real disappointment, though a stinging one), served from 1981 to 1988 as president of the New York Public Library, went on to be appointed president of Brown University, and since 1997, has been president of the Carnegie Corporation. After decades of asking for money, he has reached the desirable point of giving it away. ------ Other qualities in Randolph's makeup mitigate the novel's savagery: his optimism and efficiency, as well as the sort of inexorable will that can turn acres of trees into dollars. Progress and its discontents are familiar subjects for the novelist, but in this fine book Gautreaux reminds us that resistance to progress has its own dangers. When the forest is flattened and the camp dismantled, Byron pauses to consider the silence. ''Looks like France when I left it,'' he remarks. ''It'll grow back,'' his brother replies. ------ Wolf came up with what became the concept for ''Law and Order'' in 1988, when he was working on ''Miami Vice,'' and he did it to solve a particular business problem -- how to generate more revenue from reruns, which is how people who create shows (as opposed to those who broadcast them) make their money. ''Back then,'' he explains, ''we couldn't give away our shows in syndication. There was no syndication of hourlong shows; the only thing people wanted was half-hours.'' So with the encouragement of Kerry McCluggage, then the head of Universal Television, he set about coming up with an hourlong show that could be split apart into stand-alone half-hours: a cop show and a lawyer show. By the time ''Law and Order'' actually got into production, the resistance to syndicated hourlong programs had disappeared, and Wolf says now that it was just as well, because there was a fundamental problem with the pull-apart scheme. ''Monday-Tuesday, fine. Wednesday-Thursday, fine. But then Friday-Monday? There was kind of an essential flaw in the math, which I never told anyone about.'' ------ Low-calorie diets, in animals at least, increase resistance to dying from infections or from the stress of extreme temperatures. Such diets also prompt the release of things like antioxidants and proteins that protect cells, said Dr. Huber Warner, director of the biology of aging program at the National Institute on Aging. Even the discovery, announced last month that a chemical in red wine, resveratrol, mimics the response to starvation in yeast and fruit flies, is part of the stress story -- it activates a protein, sirtuin, made in response to stress. ------ But here's what's worrying. The resistance from the Saddamists is getting stronger, not weaker. It is becoming so strong, I would argue, that a new war needs to be mounted against the Saddamist forces in the Sunni triangle near Baghdad. Two Republican Guard divisions just melted away in this area and they still have to be defeated. The war has to be finished, but we can't be the ones to finish it. This is a purely urban fight, and if we try to finish it alone what will happen is more of what's happened in the past two weeks -- fatal blunders. We just accidentally killed 10 Iraqi policemen in one town and gunned down a 14-year-old Iraqi boy in another who was part of a wedding party firing guns in celebration. Non-Arabic-speaking Americans cannot fight an urban war in Iraq. Forget it. We must get off this course immediately. ------ Mr. Koizumi has pledged to press ahead with the economic and political reforms undertaken since he became prime minister in April 2001. The reforms have met strong resistance from conservative members of his own party, including the three who ran against him. ------ ''Although the colleges all realized this was the right thing to do, it didn't happen overnight,'' said Kurt Westby, district supervisor of local 32bj of the Service Employees International Union. ''The workers and students all had to campaign, and there was resistance by the contractors. The universities allowed the contractors to resist for a while, because the industry without the union is one of cutthroat lowball bidding down to minimum wage.'' ------ ''There was a lot of simple intimidation,'' Mr. Wagner said. ''Certainly, we didn't encounter as much resistance as Yale. But considering we were a group of 140 trying to join a group of 1,900 at the health center already, we did encounter a good deal of resistance, from administration all the way to the top, and as the vote got closer, faculty applying pressure.'' The fellows voted to join the union. ------ Whether the Americans simply underestimated Iraqi resistance or whether the United States wanted Iraq to depend on America for security -- as some Iraqis contend -- the delay has fueled Iraqis' distrust of Washington's intentions and placed a heavy burden on American troops. ------ When the Big Board does act, it can encounter stiff resistance. Earlier this year, the exchange began investigating a number of its specialist firms to determine if they had broken Big Board rules by inserting themselves between customers who were buying and selling stocks and profiting as a result. The investigation fueled the anger that some specialists have harbored against Mr. Grasso and highlighted the Big Board's awkward position as both regulator and marketplace. ------ The two lawmakers have made clear they support drilling in the refuge, but their decision to try to add it to the legislation at this stage of the negotiations is certain to reignite strong resistance to the drilling plan from Senate opponents and conservation groups. ------ The current fight over peer-to-peer technology closely resembles a grand battle in the 1990's over encryption technology, which secures the contents of communications from prying eyes. In that case, the opponent was not the entertainment industry, but the Clinton administration and its law enforcement and intelligence agencies, which tried to restrict the use and spread of strong encryption (''crypto,'' in geekspeak). The technology was an essential tool for businesses and consumers who wanted to protect privacy; because of their resistance to the government crackdown, many encryption restrictions have been lifted. ------ The first bombing at the United Nations compound in Baghdad killed 22 people, including 3 Americans and Sergio Vieira de Mello, the top United Nations envoy to Iraq. That and other large attacks, like the assaults on the Jordanian Embassy in Baghdad on Aug. 7 and on the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf on Aug. 29, have underscored the fragility of the peace in Iraq and the tenacity of the resistance to the American-led occupation. They also point to the futility, to date, of efforts to bring the people behind the bombings to justice. ------ ''His was the final resistance,'' Lt. Col. Thomas P. Smith, commander of the 11th Engineer Battalion, said in June, when the division was still in Iraq and the medal application began its course. ''After that the enemy was unable to attack again.'' ------ Still, consumer resistance to irradiated foods has been high, and some supermarkets do not stock them. James Parker, director of the northern Pacific region for Whole Foods, a Texas-based chain, told The San Francisco Chronicle that he welcomed the phase-out of methyl bromide disinfestation that irradiation might help make possible, but would not carry irradiated produce. ------ Still, the answer to this threat isn't bringing in foreign troops or putting more Americans on the ground, but creating an effective Iraqi security force -- fast. Only Iraqi police officers and soldiers, knowledgeable about local conditions and populations, and with access to high-quality local intelligence, stand a chance of breaking Sunni resistance cells and identifying foreign agents. The call by Democrats (and, lately, many Republicans) to internationalize the coalition forces is well taken in terms of saving money and patching up diplomatic relations. But Indian and French troops would have no better luck combating terrorists than the Americans. ------ Family members insisted they had offered no resistance to the American patrol. No bullet cartridges or weapons were visible this afternoon at their house, only bomb craters and holes punched in concrete by large-caliber weapons. ------ Such recommendations from the 10-member panel, known formally as the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, would most likely meet with fierce resistance from the Bush administration, which has made clear that it would oppose any further restructuring of intelligence and law enforcement agencies. ------ It is a mistake to cast the entire call center industry as beholden to the interests of the relatively small segment that relies on telemarketing for its survival. The threat of job loss is being used as cover for a sector of the industry that is dwindling anyway in the face of increased customer resistance to overly intrusive marketing of all types. ------ But the resistance to his various messages may be high. At a Congressional hearing today, Senator Max Baucus, Democrat of Montana, said he saw a bigger problem in tariffs imposed on imports by some poor countries, which make the exports of other poor countries less affordable. ------ Each year, malaria kills at least one million people and causes more than 300 million cases of acute illness. For children worldwide, it's one of the leading causes of death. The economic burden is significant, too: malaria costs Africa more than $12 billion in lost growth every year. In the United States, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent every year on mosquito control. What's more, a malaria vaccine is still out of reach; the parasite's resistance to drugs is a growing problem, as is the mosquito's resistance to insecticide. The proposed extinction technology could eradicate the malaria mosquito, and malaria with it, within 10 years of the time mosquitoes modified to carry an extinction gene are released into the wild. Tempting stuff. ------ Like all of the wounded and other witnesses, he blamed people loyal to Saddam Hussein. ''They are trying to resist the Americans,'' said Mr. Qairi, who said his father was killed under Mr. Hussein's rule in 1991. ''But who brought the Americans here? Saddam did with his bad policies. This is not resistance. This is resistance against the Iraqi people.'' ------ Largely ignored by the mainstream media and derided as anti-American by those controlling public discourse on the issue, the sizable resistance should strive to make itself heard. ------ With the exchange's old leadership swept away, signs are emerging that the exchange is shedding a deep-seated resistance to realigning its nearly 70-year-old system under which the same officials at the exchange oversee both its regulation and its business affairs. ------ Despite resistance to giving MTBE manufacturers legal help, the legislative handling of the issue is critical to the fate of the energy measure since it is tied to a plan to increase the use of corn-based ethanol as a substitute gasoline additive. Ethanol is a key ingredient to building political support for the measure by winning backing from farm-state lawmakers. ------ But in a predawn charge today, Israeli troops and armored vehicles faced fierce resistance when they rumbled into the Bureij refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip searching for wanted Palestinians. ------ Yearlong rotations were ordered during the summer for most troops as violent resistance mounted and the Bush administration found little success in getting more nations to contribute forces. ------ At least half a dozen times, Mr. Rocha prodded the shuttle managers to take a look. Each time he got nowhere or earned a sharp rejection. One manager called the need for more images a dead issue. Another said he refused to be a Chicken Little by raising alarms, leading Mr. Rocha to complain that NASA was acting more like ''an ostrich with its head in the sand.'' Faced with such resistance, Mr. Rocha lost steam. He shrank from sending an e-mail note accusing shuttle managers of borderline irresponsibility and accepted a Boeing analysis (later shown to be fatally flawed) that the foam strike posed no risk to the shuttle. ------ Now, though, it is possible to see even my local library as a locus of power -- the power, for instance, to disrupt the smooth enforcement of a piece of national legislation. Attorney General Ashcroft, it seems clear, regards the librarians as peskier opponents than the A.C.L.U., which conservatives have long felt free to sneer about. Librarians, by contrast, are sort of like nurses and firefighters: they're among those friendly ''community helpers'' on our children's worksheets. So, while mocking the librarians' opposition as hysterical, Ashcroft has also made a point of saying that they have been ''misled,'' presumably by the infinitely cunning free-speech lobby. It's clear, too, that some librarians are enjoying their newfound membership in the resistance. Some have reported that they are purposely shredding borrowing records. Others are reminding patrons that if they return books on time, their records are purged automatically, which must strike library workers as a lovely synchronicity of civil libertarian and housekeeping goals. Still others are considering how to refuse to cooperate if they are actually approached by the government. Meanwhile, an article that ran on a listserve for ''feisty librarians'' crowed, ''The old stereotype of librarians as meek maidens whose only passion is for the Dewey Decimal System'' is now ''being shattered for good, replaced by a new image of librarians as feisty fighters for freedom.'' ------ ''A leak will take the path of least resistance,'' he said. ''It might be coming right down through the concrete or it might be running along the supporting steel under the roof deck and then coming down somewhere else.'' ------ An American law enforcement official said Al Qaeda was seeking to form ''new alliances, new associations'' with Baathists and other groups putting up resistance to the Americans in Iraq. ------ It is not a natural alliance, however, because the Iraqis are far more secular than the fundamentalists. But lately, an American official here said, some of the Iraqi resistance groups have been wrapping themselves in more religious rhetoric. ------ There was never any doubt where Mr. Townsend stood on an issue. Each week he beat the drum for projects he deemed ''good for Long Island,'' building support or unifying resistance. Among the projects he supported that brought major changes to Long Island were the Roosevelt Field shopping mall, North Shore Hospital, MacArthur Airport and the Fire Island National Seashore. ------ Up against this wall of resistance, it's really very difficult to rise above the environment and be friendly. I really think it's that simple. ------ Both Iraqi towns lie along the Euphrates River in the so-called Sunni triangle, an area of intense resistance to American occupation forces. ------ In the unstable region west of the capital, the 82nd Airborne has taken a more aggressive approach to resistance after replacing the Third Armored Cavalry Regiment earlier this month. In at least three high-profile incidents since Sept. 12, soldiers from the 82nd have killed Iraqi civilians or Iraqi police officers in incidents near the town of Falluja. ------ The raids are an effort to break the cycle of resistance against allied forces and find important resistance leaders from Mr. Hussein's military or security services who may be directing attacks. A total of 92 Iraqis were arrested in raids on Sunday night and today, but military officials did not say whether any resistance leaders had been captured. ------ ''We don't know the people in the resistance,'' said Mr. Hassan, whose house and those of his brothers bore the brunt of a combined armor and helicopter assault. ''They come here in cars from all over the country, and they chase the Americans and shoot them whenever they see them.'' ------ In a pocket community distinguished by its resistance to change, the market's departure is just one shoe dropping. In June the city sold a strip of 11 abandoned buildings and vacant space to a developer for $5 million, to be turned into 96 rental apartments and retail space. After renovation, the 11 buildings will retain their low-slung 19th-century exteriors. The fish market site is part of a city-owned stretch of waterfront being considered for redevelopment, extending from the Whitehall Ferry Terminal to Pier 40 at the foot of Houston Street, according to Janel Patterson, a spokeswoman for the New York City Economic Development Corporation. Plans for the two fish market buildings, one with landmark status, are not yet settled, Ms. Patterson said. Private fish companies are also expected to vacate a number of commercial buildings across South Street. ------ But if the other shootings have received more publicity, the ambush that led to the death of Dunia Hamid is probably more typical of the toll taken on Iraqi civilians by the guerrilla war simmering in the ''Sunni Triangle,'' the countryside west of Baghdad that is a center of resistance to the occupation. ------ Triangle and other big outfits prided themselves on rising above the swarming petty capitalists below, but they had not escaped the contradictions of a hypercompetitive industry, only heightened them. They, too, ''sweated'' their work force with long hours and low pay, and also imposed a tyrannical regimentation that actually galvanized resistance. Whereas previously, dispersed workers had mounted only scattered protests, in 1909 they discovered in their concentrated numbers the strength for a disciplined, industrywide walkout. ------ The only problematic part of ''Triangle: The Fire That Changed America'' is the assumption, nestled in its title, that the catastrophe wrought a permanent transformation in the American workplace. It's true, as Mr. Von Drehle argues (following well-established scholarship), that before the fire, New York's Democratic Party had supported the real-estate and manufacturing industries' resistance to systemic reform. Whereas after the fire, Democratic legislative leaders like Alfred E. Smith and Robert F. Wagner began championing change -- they were propelled by fear of electoral defeat should widespread outrage accelerate the desertion of working-class voters, particularly Jews, to the Socialists, and of middle-class professionals to Theodore Roosevelt's Progressives. ------ He said that if Mr. Schwarzenegger was elected, he did not expect active resistance from the Davis cadres in government or the career civil servants, many of whom served under Mr. Wilson or his predecessor, George Deukmejian, also a Republican. ------ ''I think we did walk away from some of our core brand values,'' he added, and realize that it would be better to ''take a line of much less resistance, because we have more chance growing the brand by taking share from other whiskeys than stealing share from white spirits.'' ------ Falluja is part of the Sunni Triangle, where most of Iraq's Sunni Muslim minority lives and resistance to the American occupation is strongest. Saddam Hussein is a Sunni, and members of the sect dominated Iraq's government and business under his government and fear that they may be shunted aside in a future government by the Shiite Muslim majority. ------ When it came to hiring Dr. Eisenbaum, the Rev. Thomas H. Troeger, the dean of academic affairs and senior vice president at Iliff, said there was some ''bafflement and resistance among the faculty -- not an ugly resistance, but a resistance that was part of a wide range of initial feeling.'' ------ In the end, though, no one may know the effects until February when the Academy Award nominations are announced. ''I'm not speculating that there was a conspiracy about how to hurt the independents,'' said Ms. Hudson, executive director of the Independent Feature Project. ''But the effects of this have not been thought through. There is a tendency to vote for friends or at least vote the path of least resistance. What the screeners do is force you to examine those impulses.'' ------ The fire department's deep resistance to change is, in some respects, an inevitable aspect of the firehouse culture. Firefighters, who sometimes refer to themselves as the Brotherhood, are second family to one another. They live together, sleep together, shop together, cook together, clean together and socialize together. And sometimes they die together. As in the military, such enforced fraternity breeds the trust necessary for the performing of life-threatening duties as a team. But the culture also breeds a mentality that rebels against authority outside its direct chain of command, a deep suspicion of the outside world and a sometimes poisonous attitude of Us against Them. ------ In Khaldiya last week, tribal elders surveying the wreckage of their cousin's home from an assault by 82nd Airborne troops railed against the foreigners in their land. Bash Abid Shehab, 74, said the resistance here that drew American fire was not about bringing back Mr. Hussein, nor was it about religion. ------ The resistance in Iraq began growing in May, when the Bush administration decided against handing power immediately to a provisional government of untested exiles, Kurds and Shiite groups, and opted for a lengthy occupation strategy that seemed necessary to free up Iraq's assets and to get the oil flowing and United Nations sanctions lifted. ------ But the sum of this resistance does not necessarily amount to a military challenge to the United States. Many Iraqis see the security problem as an issue of policing -- which Iraqis should perform. Security is undermined, they say, when M-1 tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles roar through the streets with young American soldiers isolated behind machine guns they keep pointed at the people they have liberated. ------ Indeed, he saw the persistence of Jewish life as the highest kind of resistance against the Nazis. Many Jews might not survive, he said, but Judaism would. ------ Despite the Cayenne's inherent contradictions of height, weight and horsepower, this is a fearsome performance machine. And Porsche expects it to be driven hard. For instance, at 130 m.p.h. the Turbo automatically lowers a half-inch for less air resistance and better handling. But how often will you drive your 2.5-ton S.U.V. at twice the speed limit? ------ Other theme-park proposals for the area around the casinos have met with resistance. Madeline Jeffery of North Stonington, who helped fight off a Six Flags amusement park proposal in 1997 and tribal land annexations in her town, said developers have been buying the open space around the casinos. Besides tribal purchases, Hackman Capital Properties of California has bought 220 acres this year near the Mohegan Sun casino and is negotiating for more. Michael Hackman, president of the company, said it hasn't decided what to build on the property. ------ When Adriane Fang and Daniel Charon, excellent Varone dancers, lose out in a game of ''it,'' they are not victims who dance themselves to death but who go limp after a dance of fierce terror and resistance. ------ The story, set in Nazi-occupied Poland in 1943, is narrated by Witold (Adam Ferency), a cynical middle-aged writer who travels with his friend Fryderyk (Krzysztof Majchrzak), a theater and film director, to the country estate of Hipolit (Krzysztof Globisz), a landowner involved in the resistance. The film's opening scene, set in the city before their departure, observes Witold and Fryderyk and their fashionable bohemian friends strutting and posing at a stuffy salon. Witold wryly observes that the war that threatens to consume them is of little concern to these babbling, self-important culturati. ------ As their stay drags on, the war increasingly intrudes on their lives of wary leisure. Colonel Siemian (Jan Frycz), a partisan who has been leading the resistance forces in the forest, abruptly deserts the army and shows up, a quivering nervous wreck, and locks himself in his room. When the order comes for Hipolit to execute Siemian as a traitor, Karol is enlisted to do the dirty deed with Henia serving as the lure to gain entrance to Sieman's room. Vaclaw's aged, snobbish mother, Amelia (Irena Laskowska), pays a visit and meets an untimely end in an absurd and senseless act of violence. ------ Since the Sept. 11 attacks on the United States, the Bush administration has repeatedly called on Syria to break its ties with groups that the administration has classified as terrorist organizations, particularly those like Hamas and Islamic Jihad, to which Syria has long provided a haven. Syria has denied supporting terrorism, but says it supports resistance efforts by those groups and others against Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. ------ Unfortunately, Semmelweis's ideas were not accepted by all of his colleagues. Indeed, many were outraged at the suggestion that they were the cause of their patients' miserable deaths, and Semmelweis met up with enormous resistance and criticism. A remarkably difficult man, he refused to publish his ''self-evident'' findings until 13 years after making them. ------ Parental resistance to the pertussis vaccine began long before talk of vaccinations causing autism, because the rate of negative side effects from the shot was relatively high. Many children would develop a mild fever and a sore, red area around the injection site, and there were rarer complications like vomiting, seizures, high fever and even coma. ------ The private news channel NTV reported that as many as 6,000 Turkish troops could be sent to Iraq. Many analysts here expect them to go to an area north of Baghdad where American troops have been meeting strong resistance from Sunni Muslim Arabs, who are in the minority in Iraq but dominated Saddam Hussein's government. ------ $(6$)In general, a growing demand for better customer service from low-cost airlines and major network companies alike, but with a persistent resistance to higher fares and, for the industry, a long-term disappearance of about 20 percent of the overall revenue seen before Sept. 11, 2001. ------ Syrian officials note the many public statements United States officials have made lauding its help in the fight against Al Qaeda and Mrs. Shaaban, the Syrian minister, laughed off the idea that Syria would need to abet Iraqi resistance. ------ More than a military action, the air raid was being viewed by Syrians as a warning that this country could be vulnerable to more such attacks, which many interviewed at random said they expected. The Israeli attack was also seen by Syrians as being sanctioned by Washington, as a warning to Damascus not to help the resistance in Iraq. ------ The council's resistance to the Turkish presence is another in a series of efforts to gain control over Iraq from the occupying authorities since L. Paul Bremer III, the American administrator of Iraq, created the council in July. ------ Superconductors are materials that lose all resistance to electrical currents at ultracold temperatures. Wound into magnets, they have found uses like magnetic resonance imaging machines and a new magnetically levitating train in Shanghai that can travel 250 miles per hour. ------ This year's prize recognizes even earlier theoretical work. Without knowing the behavior of electrons and atoms in a superconductor, Dr. Ginzburg, along with Dr. Lev Landau, another Russian physicist, devised a set of equations in 1950 that describe the behavior of a superconductor near the temperature at which electrical resistance falls to zero. Those Ginzburg-Landau equations correctly predicted a superconductor's tolerance to magnetic fields and its capacity for electrical current. ------ Just as superconductors conduct without resistance, superfluids flow without friction or viscosity, leading to unusual behavior. When poured in a beaker, a superfluid will flow up the sides and out. ------ But Vogue's pitch turns on sheer aesthetic appeal. Restyling a car, according to the company's promotional literature and its Web site, turns on the ''love and logic'' principle: love of the look of a car will overcome the logic of customer resistance. ------ But Sunnis are as critical to Iraq's stability as the Pashtun were to Afghanistan. Whatever structure emerges in Iraq cannot be hostile to this ancient elite. In this, Turks can serve as a bridge between the Sunnis and American troops, helping to ease the resistance to intervention and potentially overcoming the Saddam Hussein holdouts in the area. During meetings in Ankara and Iraq over the summer, Sunni clerics and tribal leaders told Turkish officials that, if it's a question between American forces and Turks, they'll take the latter. ------ After the Communists came to power in 1945, Ms. Rizea joined a resistance group in the Fagarasmountains, providing its members with food and money. Captured by the Romanian militia in the summer of 1949, she was sentenced to seven years in prison for ''aiding criminals.'' ------ The Israeli attack into Syria was the first in 30 years, and it was launched after a Palestinian suicide bomber from Islamic Jihad carried out an attack in the northern port city of Haifa that killed 20 people. Together with the Islamic resistance group Hamas, Islamic Jihad is the largest and most active of the Palestinian militant groups, and it has carried out many large-scale suicide attacks in Israel. It has long maintained a political office in Syria, but it has denied having a ''military presence'' there. ------ Islamic Jihad, which originated among Palestinian militants in Gaza in the 1970's, is among the most militant of the Palestinian resistance groups. According to the State Department's most recent report on international terrorism, a faction headed by Ramadan Shallah, who is based in Syria, has been the most active in carrying out suicide bomb attacks in Israel. ------ In recent months, however, Bush administration officials have said that at least 1,000 Islamic militants, and perhaps three times that number, have crossed from Syria into Iraq to join in attacks against American troops. They have said those militants included members of Hezbollah, the Islamic resistance group based in Lebanon, Syria's neighbor, but have not publicly described any connection between Islamic Jihad and attacks inside Iraq. ------ American officials say they want the Turkish troops in western Iraq between Tikrit, Baghdad and the junction of the Syrian, Jordanian and Iraqi borders. That is a predominantly Sunni region that has presented the Americans with some of the toughest resistance since the war officially ended in May. ------ Fearing an outflow of deposits from the government-owned banks, Chinese regulators have been slow to allow the entry of foreign financial services companies, including insurers. That resistance seems to have faded in recent months, as Chinese officials have acknowledged the need for greater expertise in the management of domestic financial enterprises, expertise that may be gained through the sale of stakes to foreign partners or technical assistance pacts. ------ You see, my partner had -- and still has, I trust -- really exquisite taste. Although I had lots of opinions, my actual decorating experience amounted to dormitory rooms and finding places to rest books and read them. After some initial resistance -- well, considerable resistance -- I replaced my rubble with his fine, mostly family, furniture and paintings. Looked like home to me, a vast improvement. ------ ''Jamesland'' is Alice's term for the life she has always tried to avoid: a world steeped in the influence of William James. ''Jamesland'' delivers up exactly such a world: the novel teems with people who have at least a passing knowledge of the philosopher's oeuvre, and often more than that (this is not the Los Angeles most of us know). Alice's resistance to Jamesland hasn't served her especially well; at 33 she's tending bar, living alone in her great-aunt's house and carrying on a histrionic affair with the alcoholic husband of a movie star. But her vision of the deer and the fear it engenders in her propel her beyond this narrow compass. She's soon befriended by Helen Harland, the passionate minister of a nearby Unitarian Universalist church, whose favorite writer is none other than William James. Helen helps Alice get a job transcribing tapes for a scholar whose research topic is psychics who claim to have contact with the philosopher. (Among other fun facts, we learn that James appears to psychics almost as frequently as Elvis does.) ------ ''We cannot hope to substitute armed power for the kind of political and economic social changes that offer the best resistance to Communism,'' Mansfield, then majority leader, wrote his friend President Kennedy about Vietnam in 1961. ''If the necessary reforms have not been forthcoming over the past seven years to stop Communist subversion and rebellion, then I do not see how American combat troops can do it today.'' A year later, he warned that the United States was in danger of being drawn ''inexorably'' into the doomed role and bloody fate of the French colonial armies in Southeast Asia: ''To ignore that reality will . . . be immensely costly in terms of American lives.'' Kennedy's face grew red with anger. ''This is not what my advisers are telling me,'' he said. ------ Unless you work in Washington. And that brings us to the dispiriting winter of 1968 and the power struggle ''unequaled in the history of the news department.'' With the merger of the daily and Sunday papers in 1964 (each had had separate editors), the troika that managed the newsroom -- Turner Catledge, Clifton Daniel and A. M. Rosenthal -- had things more or less under control. The less was the Washington bureau, ''the last remaining freewheeling fiefdom'' in the realm. By 1968, the situation had become intolerable, the pace of the bureau leisurely and falling behind in the face of aggressive competition from Ben Bradlee's Washington Post. Tom Wicker, the bureau chief, was preoccupied with his column. Scotty Reston, chief correspondent and éminence grise, was similarly distracted. So the mandarins polished their fingernails while Bradlee's barbarians overran the capital. And a coup was prepared. Catledge, Daniel and Rosenthal would bring the bureau ''under the tight control of the managing editor's office in New York, which would have not only jurisdiction over the daily Washington report but also responsibility for hiring and firing staffers -- traditionally the guarded domain of Reston.'' (I must interject here, for the benefit of my milkman if for no one else, that Washington correspondents tend to look on the editors at home as rude mechanicals, hopeless provincials unable to distinguish a Capital from a Capitol, while the editors see the correspondents as prima donnas indistinguishable from the conceited supremos they ''cover.'') To carry out the mission, Rosenthal recommended an old friend, James Greenfield, a former Time-Life reporter and State Department spokesman. Informed of the plan, Reston at first seemed to offer no resistance, then changed course, speaking at once to his old friend, the publisher, Arthur Sulzberger. Reston -- ''at times he seemed shrouded in Presbyterian rectitude'' -- threatened to resign. Wicker threatened to resign. Max Frankel, the diplomatic correspondent and much later executive editor of the newspaper, threatened to resign. Word of the struggle leaked to other papers, always inevitable, always discouraging. Calls from Washington went out to the publisher and to the publisher's wife, Carol, and to the family matriarch, Iphigene Sulzberger, as well. The ladies were not amused. Not surprisingly, Arthur Sulzberger ''found himself in a bind.'' And scrapped the plan, leaving Abe Rosenthal ''dazed and distraught.'' ------ Mom had read about a family -- the Aguilars -- known for creating clay figures, scenes of funeral processions, markets, farmers, Nativity groups. My sister -- who hated the long bus rides and the heavy packages we invariably acquired at the end of them -- expressed resistance, but in the end my mother persuaded her to make the trip to the village where the Aguilars were said to live. It was a place with a single dusty street, no more than 20 one-room adobe houses and a couple of tiendas with Orange Crush signs on the front, but nothing remotely resembling tourist facilities. ------ ''Both parties are finding some resistance to getting people to run,'' said Charles Cook, another Congressional handicapper. ''That tells me that it is not all partisan.'' ------ ''There's been no single driving force pushing for alcohol sales because most people realize there would be resistance,'' he said. ''Basically, we're a town that thinks about our children and the influences on them and doesn't want to see alcohol sold in town.'' ------ ''They had been expecting Muslim forces to put up fierce resistance,'' said Mr. Nikolic. ''No one thought the resistance would be so short-lived.'' ------ Syria clearly hopes that the threat of a renewed conflagration will alert Washington to the perils of another Israeli attack, especially when the United States is trying to douse resistance in Iraq. President Bush did not criticize Israel for the attack last Sunday; the United States has, by contrast, accused Syria of allowing foreign militants to enter Iraq to attack American forces. The Syrians say they have sealed their borders. ------ Ariel Sharon, the Israeli prime minister, has a history of undertaking huge military campaigns -- the invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and the current assaults in the occupied territories -- with the goal of dismantling Palestinian resistance. ------ The Democrats, acknowledging defeat in the Legislature after months of guerrilla resistance, vowed to challenge the remapping in the courts, charging disenfranchisement of minority voters. ------ In the Grand Palais, a place of honor has been given to Boston's Tahitian masterpiece, ''Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?'' Painted in 1897 and described by Gauguin as his ''artistic testament,'' the large oil has returned to France for the first time since 1949. It was first displayed at Ambroise Vollard's Paris gallery in 1898. That Vollard himself ended up buying -- and reselling -- ''Where Do We Come From?'' for a modest fee is a measure of the initial resistance in Paris to Gauguin's Tahitian works. Yet between bouts of illness, in part the result of syphilis, Gauguin kept working, convinced he had found the key to what would become known as Post-Impressionism. ------ Those who heard Mr. Kelly speak said he often opened by movingly recalling the murder in 2002 of a former girlfriend who was stabbed while fighting off a would-be rapist. Tearfully, he would pay tribute to the woman's resistance to becoming a victim. Then he would note that children like himself and others who had been abused by trusted religious figures did not have the power to fight back. ------ This was, in other words, hardly a center of anti-Nazi resistance. Many Germans who left fled of their own volition, fearing the Soviet Army. ------ Most important, perhaps, in 1945 Hitler declared Wroclaw a ''fortress,'' meaning that although the war was lost and resistance was pointless, it was defended to the last man, and as a consequence reduced to the mere rubble found by the new Polish arrivals from 1945 to 1947 ------ Washington's latest revisions were greeted with little enthusiasm Tuesday morning by Mr. Annan, who said he felt the new version did not ''represent a major shift in the thinking of the coalition,'' and warned that ''as long as there's an occupation, the resistance will grow.'' ------ Despite yesterday's U.N. victory, the Bush administration faces growing problems in Iraq if it persists in demanding exclusive control. Continuing security problems there are putting a long-term strain on America's military forces. At home, political resistance to the huge rebuilding costs ahead is growing. Eventually, the White House must resign itself to sharing real authority with Iraqis and the international community. ------ Regardless, Mr. Klein stands to benefit from focusing on the limitations imposed by the current contract: should his reform plans falter, he could cite resistance from the union as a major factor. ------ But in the past week, Americans have begun facing pockets of resistance from elements of the Shiite Muslim community, which constitutes more than 60 percent of Iraq's population and had until now accepted -- or at least tolerated -- the American presence. ------ The affidavit cited a letter from a leader of the Northern Virginia group to Mr. al-Arian in 1991 saying he considered Mr. al-Arian and leaders of the Palestinian resistance to be ''a part of us and an extension of us.'' The affidavit also said that the F.B.I. had obtained a copy of a fatwa, or a religious declaration, that a leader of the group signed in the late 1980's declaring that ''jihad is the only way to liberate Palestine.'' ------ Last weekend he ordered troops to suppress the unrest, a move that has led to mounting deaths and more resistance to his rule. On Friday the last pillars of his political support crumbled, and Mr. Sánchez de Lozada reluctantly took the step that he had always insisted he could never take because it would fatally wound democracy here. ------ As more immediate motives for the violence, Balakian mentions budding nationalism on both sides, Armenian demands for rights, the Ottoman empire's panic at its progressive loss of territory, jealousy of the Armenians' financial success and profits from confiscation of their property, Islamic fundamentalism and the great powers' reluctance to intervene. But he never pulls these factors together into a coherent backdrop. Nor does he provide much insight into the Armenian community in Turkey, leaving the reader to wonder why, as he describes it, Armenians continued to assert their loyalty to the Ottoman Empire even after it became clear that the Turkish aim was annihilation. Why -- as has been asked, and answered, about the European Jews -- was there not more resistance? His sources speak of Turks who opposed what was happening -- who were they, and how numerous were they? As the narration unfolds, such questions inevitably arise, but remain unaddressed. ------ For some, the answer is as easy as it always has been. Leave, they say. The gay world looks at gay Catholics with a mixture of contempt and pity. The Catholic world looks at us as if we want to destroy an institution we simply want to belong to. So why not leave? In some ways, I suppose, I have. What was for almost 40 years a weekly church habit dried up this past year to close to nothing. Every time I walked into a church or close to one, the anger and hurt overwhelmed me. It was as if a dam of intellectual resistance to emotional distress finally burst. ------ But I must also finally concede that this will not change as a matter of doctrine. That doctrine -- never elaborated by Jesus -- was constructed when gay people as we understand them today were not known to exist; but its authority will not change just because gay people now have the courage to explain who they are and how they feel. In fact, it seems as if the emergence of gay people into the light of the world has only intensified the church's resistance. That shift in the last few years from passive silence to active hostility is what makes the Vatican's current stance so distressing. Terrified of their own knowledge of the wide presence of closeted gay men in the priesthood, concerned that the sexual doctrines required of heterosexuals are under threat, the hierarchy has decided to draw the line at homosexuals. We have become the unwilling instruments of their need to reassert control. ------ Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez, the commander of American and allied forces in Iraq, said recently that the Iraqi resistance appears to be more sophisticated and capable than originally forecast. ------ To counter the effects of changes like ''the increase in consumer resistance to traditional forms of communications'' and ''the increased pressure on marketers to be accountable for delivering returns on investments,'' Mr. Liodice said, the association will take steps that include adding committees in areas like brand marketing and agency relations; sponsoring or co-sponsoring conferences on marketing innovation, advertising law and digital marketing; working more closely with organizations like the American Association of Advertising Agencies; and teaming up with the Center for Marketing Excellence, part of the EMM Group, to offer a certification training program for corporate marketers, with the highest level of accreditation to be ''master marketer.'' ------ ''Microbes are kind of the master chemists of our planet,'' said Dr. DeLong of the Monterey Aquarium. Bacteria are also the source of most antibiotics and of some other drugs and industrial enzymes and of the genes that confer pest and herbicide resistance to genetically modified crops. ------ Across Europe, plans to build mosques have met resistance in traditionally Christian communities, where people worry that the growth of Islam is changing the character of their towns. In Berlin, for example, construction of a mosque has been stopped because its minarets were built higher than the local government approved. ------ In pressing to go beyond these measures, however, the governor encountered considerable resistance. ------ About $495 million of the money is in Syrian-controlled banks in Lebanon, whose government initially expressed a willingness to surrender the funds, the officials said. But they said that commitment had been put in doubt by resistance from Syria, which is the de facto power in Lebanon. ------ In the statement, the two leaders pledged to confront ''Zionist aggression'' and urged ''all factions and resistance forces to coordinate.'' ------ But he said all the major automakers had indicated resistance to the measure, including Honda, which has not taken part in industry lobbying campaigns against environmental legislation in the past. ------ 2. Season fish with salt and pepper and set in steamer above boiling water. Fish will cook through in 5 to 10 minutes (longer if steamer is very crowded). Fish is done when a thin-bladed knife inserted into thickest part meets little resistance. ------ Last month, the administration recommended the most significant regulatory overhaul in the housing finance industry since the savings-and-loan crisis a decade ago. The plan has encountered some resistance in Congress, where the two companies have traditionally been formidable political forces. The companies have supported some changes but opposed others that they say could restrict their ability to offer new products. ------ The fatigues ''are a symbol of their readiness to defend the nation anytime, when there is any aggression by any state,'' he said, adding: ''We shall not let history record that any power came here without facing resistance. We shall resist even with our fingernails, and we shall repel the aggressor.'' ------ ''Englishness is the principle of diversity itself,'' he affirms, having insisted previously on its singularity. And ''Englishness is the principle of appropriation. It relies upon constant immigration, of people or ideas or styles, in order to survive.'' He does not dwell on the general resistance to such influences, such colonizations, though he concedes ''the predominant bias towards anti-intellectualism in England,'' accompanied by a ''sentimental and almost pious attachment to the past.'' ------ There are literary correspondences too. Costello's son says of her writing: ''She shakes him; that is what she presumably does to other readers too. . . . She is by no means a comforting writer.'' That is equally true of Coetzee, though in his case it's an understatement. A brutal, laconic writer working consciously in the tradition of Beckett and Kafka, Coetzee places his protagonists in opposition to an oppressive or anarchic state, then subjects them to the grimmest circumstances imaginable: starvation, imprisonment, homelessness, terminal illness, social disgrace, sexual slavery. He seems to need to strip away their dignity to find the core of stoic resistance that is their last hope for survival as sovereign beings rather than as automatons or beasts. ------ ''It's the people who were chronically late before,'' Dr. Cohen said. ''Now they have a way of easing the conscience a bit and getting some time in. I view it as simply another form of resistance that we didn't have before.'' ------ As a parent with the very fortunate problem of having two daughters who were reading at age 3, and are well beyond grade level in all subjects, I have experienced discrimination on the other side of the fence. I have found that should you want your child to be moved ahead a year, you will find unbelievable resistance. ------ Instead, it is a reminder that after easily toppling Mr. Hussein, the United States is struggling against a continuing guerrilla resistance, and struggling even though the guerrillas are badly trained and ill equipped. ------ For now, American military strategists appear to have decided that the best way to overcome the guerrilla resistance is to pour more troops into the Sunni Triangle, the region west and north of Baghdad where support for Mr. Hussein is greatest. Their plan is to draw out the guerrillas to destroy them, a strategy that risks civilian casualties. ------ Although the tariffs are among the main obstacles to smoother negotiations with Brazil, Florida's agricultural companies appear to be unyielding in their resistance to the agreement. A group of Florida citrus growers even started television ads this month showing Jon Gruden, the head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers football team, speaking in support of a 28.7 cents-per-gallon tariff on imported orange juice from Brazil. ------ New York City has a history of trying to devise better backups for its 911 systems, and previous plans to integrate the calling centers have met with resistance from the various uniformed services involved. The mayor said yesterday that there would be ''no turf battle'' involved now, and that all agencies would cooperate. ------ Falluja, in central Iraq, is a center of resistance to the American occupation and has been the scene of repeated violence over the past several months, including a car bomb Tuesday that killed four people. ------ Since early September, soldiers from the 82nd Airborne Division have killed more than 20 civilians and Iraqi police officers in and around Falluja in incidents where the victims have put up little or no resistance, according to accounts from witnesses. American military officers have said the shootings were justified under American rules of engagement, but have provided scant details. ------ When the products bearing the logo came to the United States, there was resistance from officials in New York City, who barred the signs from the top of taxis. ------ In an interview yesterday, Jim Urie, head of distribution at Universal Music, acknowledged resistance from some retailers but said he was encouraged by the results so far. ''Two thirds of our customers like it from the start and a third didn't like it, and I would say that is still where we are and that third is pretty vocal,'' he said. ''But we are happy with the direction this is going.'' ------ Swings in the press coverage reflect the uncertainty. Some papers refer to the attacks against the American forces or the Iraqi police they have trained as ''martyrdom operations'' implying that they somehow carry the stamp of religious approval as legitimate resistance. Others condemn them. ------ A bomber apparently on a suicide mission detonated explosives near a police station in Falluja, about 30 miles northwest of Baghdad and normally a stronghold of resistance to the American occupation. The blast killed four Iraqis and wounded four others, according to the Iraqi police. ------ The longer the resistance is allowed to continue disrupting life for Iraqis, the more difficult it will become to engage them in the American-designed political process. ------ Nonetheless, since 1993 when the devastating Malibu fire consumed 350 houses, more homes in Southern California have been constructed with fire resistance in mind, including steel shutters and roofs, rooftop pools of standing water, special sprinklers, water storage tanks, and pumps with their own generators. ------ The plan also met with resistance from Britain, France and Germany, homes to some of union's biggest chemicals companies. These countries have already expressed concern about the proposed legislation on the industry, according to a European diplomat. ------ The Chinese government sent condolences; using the name she was born with, it said that Soong Mei-ling ''had been dedicated to the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japanese aggression, opposed to separating the nation, and hoped for the peaceful reunification across the Taiwan Straits and the flourishing of the Chinese nation.'' ------ The Taj Mahal sustained its Romantic allure: Indian movie stars and rock groups continue to pose in front of it. The Red Fort in Delhi, once a Mughal stronghold, became a symbol of the new nation, as illustrated in a school textbook picture from the 1970's in which Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru addresses a crowd from the fort's ramparts while resistance heroes from earlier eras hover protectively in the sky. ------ ''The path of least resistance would have been for the United States to engage in bilateral talks with North Korea,'' she said, failing to add that the State Department had advised that the Bush administration do exactly that. ''But this would have simply repeated the failed experience of the past, when North Korea accepted -- and then systematically violated -- an agreement offered in good faith by the United States.'' Ms. Rice referred to the 1994 accord that froze, but did not dismantle, North Korea's nuclear program. ------ ''There are some accounts that say he is somehow instigating or fomenting some of the resistance,'' a second American official said of the intelligence reports. ------ ''There is a possibility of increased attacks,'' she said. ''Nov. 1 and 2 are reportedly days of national resistance in Iraq. We have been briefed that there is a possibility that there might be increased attacks at least on Nov. 1.'' ------ There had been rumors that forces fighting the American occupation had declared Saturday a ''day of resistance.'' ------ In the mid-90's Chalabi fell out of favor with the C.I.A. and the State Department, which questioned his popular support in Iraq and accused him of misappropriating American government funds earmarked for armed resistance by Iraqi exile groups against Saddam Hussein. He remained close with Perle and Wolfowitz, however, as well as with other neoconservative figures in Washington, including Douglas Feith, a former aide to Perle, and regularly appeared with them on panels at conservative policy institutes like the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute. Chalabi lobbied senators and congressmen to support action against Saddam Hussein, and a coalition of neoconservatives, including Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz and Perle, sent a letter to President Clinton calling for a tougher Iraq policy. Together they succeeded in persuading the Republican-controlled Congress in 1998 to pass the Iraq Liberation Act, signed into law by President Clinton, a piece of legislation that made regime change in Iraq the official policy of the United States. ------ There were a number of key policy disagreements between State and Defense. The first was over Chalabi. While the Pentagon said that a ''government in exile'' should be established, presumably led by Chalabi, to be quickly installed in Baghdad following the war, other Iraqis, including the elder statesman of the exile leaders, Adnan Pachaci, insisted that any government installed by United States fiat would be illegitimate in the eyes of the Iraqi people. And the State Department, still concerned that Chalabi had siphoned off money meant for the Iraqi resistance and that he lacked public support, opposed the idea of a shadow government. The State Department managed to win this particular battle, and no government in exile was set up. ------ The peaceful environment for the Americans ends at the outskirts of town. In the rural areas around the city, the resistance to the American occupation has carried on without pause. American convoys are regularly attacked on the roads that connect the matrix of military bases here. Many of the bases in the area, including that of the Colonel Sassaman's battalion, are regularly shelled. ------ But for months now there has been little, if any, talk from City Hall or anywhere else about the proposed arena, which had managed to survive -- at least as an idea -- through the administration's of three governors and against the resistance of powerful suburban interests. It was an idea that James E. McGreevey, as a candidate for governor, enthusiastically embraced and one that he vowed to bring to reality a year and a half ago in a campaign appearance in support of the mayor's re-election. ------ There are many reasons domestic violence victims have trouble finding housing. Westchester County's rental market has become increasingly competitive, with the average advertised price of a two-bedroom apartment rising to $1,674 in the last quarter of 2002 from $1,087 in the last quarter of 1997, according to a survey by the nonprofit housing agency Westchester Residential Opportunities Inc. Housing for people of moderate incomes is growing increasingly scarce, with land costs high and strong resistance in communities to building low-cost units, said Toni Downes, the agency's executive director. ------ The Jets can't pin their typical tortoise-like start solely on quarterback Chad Pennington's left wrist, which was fractured and dislocated in a preseason game against the Giants. The Jets have been unable to hammer the final nail too often this season, giving up chunks of yardage on the ground with little resistance. ------ In no other realm was he so susceptible to pressure, nor was he faced with such intractable resistance to change (not least of it from his wealthy, self-interested wife). In no other realm did he behave as badly. (When he needed dentures, he was not above trying to appropriate slaves' teeth.) His final redeeming gesture -- leaving a will that freed slaves -- cannot be seen as a simple, bold stroke. It makes sense only in the larger, richer context that Mr. Wiencek's book vividly creates. ------ Ali Hassan, a farmer who lives 200 yards from the crash site, said, ''The resistance is getting stronger and stronger every day.'' He said one of his sons, Aamer, regularly threw stones at soldiers. ''Imagine what he will do when he grows up,'' he added. ------ The downing of the helicopter is another setback for the American-led occupation of Iraq, after a week that began with four car bombings in Baghdad last Sunday that killed at least 34 people and wounded more than 200. While fears of terrorist attacks grip Baghdad, violence between American troops and local residents is worsening in the cities to the west and north of the capital where resistance to the occupation is strongest. This area is the stronghold of the Sunnis, who were the favored religious group under Mr. Hussein, himself a Sunni. ------ The vote could reverberate across New England, which, except for Connecticut, has remained casino-free. Proposals in Massachusetts and Rhode Island met enough resistance to quash them. A casino in Maine might put pressure on lawmakers in those states. ------ Mr. Netanyahu is trying to substantially reduce the government's role in the economy, and has been cutting budgets and benefits and dismissing workers. But in a country founded on a socialist ethos, he has encountered considerable resistance, particularly from labor groups. ------ ''There has been some resistance to cost,'' said Doug Petkus, a spokesman for Wyeth Vaccines, which is MedImmune's marketing partner. Also, about half the states use universal purchasing of vaccines to save money, and current budget problems make the states less likely to opt for a more expensive alternative. ------ By 1944 and Howard Hawks's ''To Have and Have Not'' (100 minutes), the third of these films, he was a star and a natural for the role of Harry Morgan, a charter fishing skipper who helps the resistance against the Vichy on Martinique in World War II. Of course, the movie also introduced a sexy blast of fresh air named Betty Joan Perske, a Hawks discovery renamed Lauren Bacall, who famously became Bogie's love interest and then his wife. Distressed that Bacall didn't fall for him instead, Hawks went through two affairs on the set, the documentary says. ------ Mr. Uys has taken his show to schools all over South Africa. Call it entertainment as emergency education. He moves across the small stage at La MaMa tossing facts, stories and images. They hit like body blows. He links apartheid's lethal resistance to racial equality with post-apartheid's lethal refusal to acknowledge the destruction wrought by AIDS. Former President Nelson Mandela has spoken out. So has Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Once again it is the government that resists truth. ------ In some sense, the motivation to dress a 6-month-old in velvet hip-huggers with square pockets (Charabia, $64) comes from a resistance to embracing one's role as a middleman (or -woman) in the Gerber food distribution process. ''These women want to retain some sense of their own youth,'' explained Simone Manwarring, an owner of Sam & Seb, a children's shop in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, which sells flared Levi's, Size 2 kimonos, vintage T-shirts and cargo pants. ''They want to let the world know that they are not soccer moms.'' ------ Now divorced, she devotes her time to lecturing, writing and growing and storing her produce and seeds. ''Aside from their value to breeders, like genes with resistance to pests or diseases, what bowls me over is their myriad shapes and colors,'' Ms. Goldman said. ''Everything is so uniform in this culture, so boring.'' ------ But hey, you ask, ''I thought that was what we were doing?'' It is what we were doing, but the process got so bogged down, and the Baathist resistance so heated up, that it now looks as if we have only a military process in Iraq and no political process. ------ The upside to such mishaps, Mr. Ward explained, is that New Yorkers are reminded of their delicate, aging water system and the need to maintain it. The more sympathy for the system, the wishful thinking goes, the less resistance there will be to rate increases needed to upgrade it. ------ Mr. Armstrong said the tribal government was prepared to fight the governor in court. He said tribal leaders were not planning violent resistance to state authorities if they tried to collect the taxes, but he also could not promise the tribe could keep a lid on any potential disorder. ------ At first, a military spokesman in Iraq told journalists that American soldiers had exchanged fire with Iraqis during the rescue, without adding that resistance was minimal. Then the military released a dramatic, green-tinted, night-vision video of the mission. Soon news organizations were repeating reports, attributed to anonymous American officials, that Ms. Lynch had heroically resisted her capture, emptying her weapon at her attackers. ------ A bankruptcy law that would make it easier for banks to seize collateral to recoup the value of bad loans would ultimately allow banks to lower interest rates and should stimulate the economy. Liberalizing labor laws to make it easier to hire and fire workers is also seen as important, though that is bound to meet resistance from many members of Mr. da Silva's Workers' Party. ------ Mr. Armstrong said tribal leaders were not planning violent resistance this time, but he said he could not control all of the tribe's members. ------ Which is why the Palestinians need both their own state and a new leadership able to build their dignity on achievements, not resistance. ------ These trusts would not have had trustees, Mr. West explained. Instead, brokerage firms would sell shares in them and charge a fee for the management of the assets, which would be invested in stocks or bonds, as is done in a mutual fund. Mr. West, who was a senior partner at the Sullivan & Cromwell law firm in New York, said the resistance to the idea, which he presented to industry officials and federal regulators, came from independent directors, who would have been left out. ------ My own experience in war has largely been on the side of insurgents. I served as the Central Intelligence Agency's quartermaster and political agent to the Afghan resistance against the Soviet occupation from 1986 until the Soviets left in 1989. ------ From my perspective, the Iraqi resistance has taken a page from a sophisticated insurgency playbook in their confrontations with the American-led coalition. ------ The raid in Tikrit began about 10 p.m. on Friday and lasted about five hours, Major Aberle said. She said that it was part of an aggressive new effort to root out guerrillas in and around the city, which is about 100 miles north of Baghdad and has been a center of resistance to the American occupation. ------ In a news conference in Baghdad, Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage said the United States had been ''sobered'' by the guerrilla attacks in the Sunni Triangle, the region north and west of Baghdad where resistance to the occupation is strongest. ------ BAYARD RUSTIN became famous for working behind the scenes. This paradox of his celebrity was, to a large degree, inherent in the role he chose to play in the history of his time. From the end of the Great Depression to his death in 1987, at the age of 75, Rustin was the ''master strategist of social change,'' as the historian John D'Emilio writes in his biography, ''Lost Prophet.'' The tactics of public protest that became familiar in the 1960's -- marches on Washington, Freedom Rides, sit-ins, passive resistance, civil disobedience -- were pioneered and refined by Rustin two decades earlier. Indeed, through his decisive influence on Martin Luther King Jr., whom he instructed in the philosophy and tactics of Gandhian nonviolence, Rustin created the model for the social movements of post-World War II America -- civil rights, antiwar, gay liberation, feminist. ''He resurrected mass peaceful protest from the graveyard in which cold war anti-Communism had buried it,'' D'Emilio writes, ''and made it once again a vibrant expression of citizen rights in a free society.'' ------ Characteristically, however, in the immediate aftermath of the march, he was already looking ahead. He had been ''aiming for more than individual resistance,'' as D'Emilio writes. ''He wanted to stimulate a movement.'' As he wrote in one of the pieces collected in ''Time on Two Crosses,'' the March on Washington was ''the termination of the mass protest period -- during which Negroes had destroyed the Jim Crow institutions in the South -- and the inauguration of an era of massive action at the ballot box designed to bring about new economic programs.'' Pointing out that the theme of the march had been ''Jobs and Freedom,'' he declared that ''the civil rights movement will be advanced only to the degree that social and economic welfare gets to be inextricably entangled with civil rights.'' ------ Yet neither Cobb's blindingly bright Right Stuff nor the qualifications of any other candidates who participated in the Lovelace venture made the slightest dent in the space agency's resistance to women as astronauts. The Soviets having again taken the lead with the launching in April 1961 of the first human being into space, Yuri Gagarin, NASA would brook no distraction from its determination to regain momentum and surpass the enemy. This was war, one as cold and menacing as space itself, and women had no place in combat. ------ Even the storied resistance fighters in occupied Europe working with Allied secret agents to harass the Nazis are not spared Keegan's relentless rationality. Granting the extraordinary courage of these men and women -- courage that nourished hope and revived the honor of conquered peoples -- their efforts provoked such brutal retaliation by the Germans, Keegan concludes, that they ''brought nothing but suffering'' to the resisters and their innocent compatriots. As for the military value of the resistance, it ''harmed the German occupiers scarcely at all.'' ------ What is less frequently mentioned, though, is the way in which Blanchett has, despite her own resistance, subtly mutated over the course of time into a bona fide movie star. She wears Chanel and Prada, doesn't carry her own room key and moves with an entourage of handlers. But unlike some of the talented actresses of her generation, like Nicole Kidman, whose considerable abilities often disappear under the scrutiny of the tabloids, Blanchett has risen to the top of a brutally competitive profession without appearing to have sacrificed her creative aspirations or her grounded, just-folks quality. However she has done it, she has skillfully avoided being pawed by the fawning pop press, with its fickle affections and malicious innuendoes. One way I have of gauging what I take to be the actress's relatively low celebrity quotient (or q factor, as it's called) is the utterly blasé response of my 14-year-old daughter -- who would have been beside herself with excitement at the thought of my meeting Gwyneth Paltrow or Kirsten Dunst -- to the fact of my breaking bread with Blanchett. She didn't even request that I bring back an autograph. ------ But no one, least of all those who run City Opera, should be shocked at resistance. We live, for better (say I) or worse, in a multicultural society in which a European-based consensus as to what constitutes ''good music'' is long gone. Few corporations and politicians feel obligated to improve the populace with high art anymore. The best that beleaguered partisans of opera can hope for is that they won't be ignored altogether. ------ ''Anybody that thought the Iraqi Governing Council doesn't have a say in Iraq's future is proven wrong by this,'' an administration official said, trying to find a silver lining in recent events. What Mr. Bremer encountered, the official said, ''was unexpected resistance from the full range of ethnic and regional groups that didn't want this to happen.'' ------ Mr. Mangano, 47, who has a master's degree in public health, defends the group's work. He is not surprised to meet resistance from the military-industrial-energy-pharmaceutical-governmental complex. ------ ''The resistance that the Bush administration attracts takes many forms, from people who might call or write an elected official to those who might sit down in the street and those who might want to resist'' in more aggressive ways, said the group's spokesman, Bill Dobbs. ------ American officials say 33 nations are represented in the occupation effort, but an American diplomatic drive to draw contingents from Muslim nations like Turkey and Pakistan has failed, and several nations in Europe, including France and Germany, have also refused. Italy's role has been prized by Washington in the face of broad European resistance. ------ Until Wednesday, Nasiriya had been something of a model for the occupation forces. Although paramilitary forces loyal to Mr. Hussein put up a fierce resistance at Nasiriya to American troops pushing north to Baghdad during the war to overthrow Mr. Hussein, the city has been mostly quiet for months. It was garrisoned first by marines, and then by Italians and Romanians. Iraqis interviewed across the city after Wednesday's blast that the occupation forces had been broadly popular, riding a wave of gratitude for ridding the country of Mr. Hussein. ------ For his part, Mr. Pataki said he viewed the court order as a historic chance to dismantle the state's byzantine school-aid formulas. The governor has tried for years to change the way school aid is distributed but has met resistance in the Legislature. At the same time, aides say, the governor favors providing more money for education, though he has not said where the money will come from. ------ ''There is some level of coordination that's taken place at very high levels, although I'm not so sure I'd say that there's a national-level resistance leadership,'' he said. elaborating. ''Not yet. It could develop.'' ------ The Bush administration has sought to emphasize the role of foreign fighters as a factor in the resistance, but American military commanders, including General Abizaid, have said that it is loyalists to Mr. Hussein who pose the greatest danger to American troops and to stability in Iraq. ------ In another case, Mr. Perle was retained by the telecommunications company Global Crossing to help the company overcome resistance by the Defense Department to its proposed sale to a joint venture of Hutchison Whampoa, controlled by the Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing, and Singapore Technologies Telemedia, a phone company controlled by the government of Singapore. ------ In between her interviews, Stern offers a cogent analysis of methodologies and structures: she distinguishes between lone-wolf avengers and organizations with hierarchies of command, between networks, franchises and freelancers, between inspirational leaders and leaderless resistance. She lays out the impact of the post-9/11 war on terror on organizations like Al Qaeda and confirmed my suspicion that both the rhetoric and the reality of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have boosted their numbers without crippling their capacity to harm. To fight today's terrorism with an army is like trying to shoot a cloud of mosquitoes with a machine gun. ------ I saw her a few weeks later. Her periods are regular again, and she has lost some weight. While her insulin resistance could be solely responsible for her masculine appearance, I needed to be sure. In medical school and beyond, the goal is a single, elegant diagnosis. But our patients' diseases don't always cooperate. She has an appointment to see an endocrinologist at an academic medical center later this year. ------ ''If we had found weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, if the transition was going well, what would be the atmosphere around this visit?'' Mr. Garton-Ash said. ''If things had gone well, if Blair and Bush had been proved right, you wouldn't have had anything like the kind of resistance that you have now.'' ------ Senator Patty Murray, a Democrat from Washington, introduced a bill late last month that would extend unemployment benefits for 26 weeks after Dec. 31 and for 7 more weeks in states with the highest unemployment, including Washington and Oregon. But the bill has been met with resistance by Republicans, who cite the recent reports of economic and employment growth, and has not gone to a vote. ------ Negotiators from Brazil, which is leading the talks with the United States, sought to play down resistance from other countries to the shared vision their nation had reached with American officials. ------ A shared assessment of the parameters of the F.T.A.A. between the United States and Brazil, South America's largest economy, is expected to avert a collapse of the talks this week along the lines of what happened two months ago in Cancún, Mexico, when a meeting of the World Trade Organization was dissolved amid resistance from developing countries led by Brazil. ------ There have also been patents for a pogo stick with a jump counter, a rotating brace for exercising the feet, and an exercise machine with a fan that creates wind resistance to increase the difficulty of a workout. ------ What has prevented the construction of this plant so far is the orderly operation of state environmental laws and determined resistance from residents and from government officials in states that lie downwind. But to kill this plant dead will take political will. Governor Pataki has taken the environmental preservation of the Hudson River to heart. And he has taken the initiative of intervening directly on behalf of the environment. It is time for him to intervene directly again. ------ Ramadi, the provincial capital, with about 250,000 residents, has been a center of armed resistance against the American occupation. About 80 miles west of Baghdad, it is in the heart of the area north and west of the capital known as the Sunni Triangle, which is generating most of the attacks against Americans. ------ The 18,000 soldiers under General Swannack's command are spread across a wide desert expanse. Anbar Province, particularly the areas around Ramadi and Falluja, has been the center of resistance against the occupation since 15 Iraqis were killed by American soldiers during a riot in Falluja in April. ------ (By The New York Times), PARIS, Nov. 17 -- In a new sign of French resistance, Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin said Monday that the American plan to speed the transfer of power in Iraq was too slow. ------ Considering that the United States has not found Saddam Hussein and that much of the resistance is likely coming from the Baathists, it would seem that Iraq would be vulnerable to the same dictator. ------ Something goes awry with seared diver scallops, though. The scallops are impeccable, and Swiss chard puts up a pleasingly bitter resistance to their rich sweetness. Then, without, warning, cranberries appear. They make the greens taste harsh, and their sugars are cloying. ------ (4) SecDef Donald Rumsfeld would freely admit that he did not anticipate the disappearance of Saddam's intact Republican Guard and the formation of a Baathist terrorist insurgency that would kill coalition soldiers and drive out U.N. and other relief agencies. On the same day, SecState Colin Powell and spymaster George Tenet would admit that their bureaucracies' resistance to the pre-invasion training in Europe of Iraqi expatriate volunteers to perform police and anti-guerrilla duties was unfortunate. ------ Mr. Zoellick, the trade representative, said he was also planning to start talks to bring the Dominican Republic into the Central American Free Trade Agreement and a separate effort to reach an agreement with Panama. Despite concern that the Central American agreement could encounter resistance in Congress, especially with regard to efforts to reduce subsidies for sugar producers, negotiators here said it was important to move forward in some areas. ------ In retrospect, executives said, many things went wrong. FluMist was positioned as a premium product with a wholesale price of $49, several times higher than a conventional flu shot. But it turned out most consumers preferred the pain of the needle to the payment for the nasal spray. The price sparked ''more resistance than our market research led us to believe,'' Mr. Anido said. ------ Taylor made a deal with Coach Antwyne Golliday of Cahokia High School near the end of a game Oct. 25: Cahokia, which had a big lead, would be allowed to score again, uncontested, and then Southeast quarterback Nate Haasis would meet no resistance on the record-breaking pass. ------ Federal elections will not be held until 2006, and, in the meantime, Mr. Schröder, in the view of at least some analysts here, has put into place a program that could, in the end, help him prevail. Certainly he seems to have overcome resistance to his reforms -- which would curtail cherished Social Democratic programs like generous pensions -- within his own party. In other ways, too, he shows strong signs of outmaneuvering the conservative figures who would like to replace him. ------ The governor's remarks included few specific proposals for combining the services of local governments or eliminating unnecessary school boards or municipalities, and even his supporters acknowledged that any such effort would meet with bitter political resistance in the communities and in the State Legislature. But he pledged to make the issue a major focus of the coming legislative session and signaled an attempt to insulate himself from Republican attacks on property taxes as his re-election campaign for 2005 draws closer. ------ Throwing people of authority and expertise onto the street, he said, would negate the mission of the occupation forces to subdue resistance and win friends. ''To beat this you can't just kill the bad guys,'' the general added. ''You've got to give people jobs.'' ------ ''And Iraq is a front, Turkey is a front, anywhere where the terrorists think they can strike is a front,'' Mr. Bush said, drawing no distinction between the radical Islamic groups presumed to have been behind the attacks in Turkey and the more secular and nationalistic followers of Saddam Hussein who appear to be leading the resistance to the American occupation in Iraq. ------ Mr. Daschle, in a bid to rescue the ethanol program that would be a boon to his state, suggested that the leadership strip the provision on the gasoline additive MTBE that has drawn so much resistance. Mr. Daschle proposed tacking the rest of the energy measure on to a catch-all $285 billion spending plan. ------ ''In the past, resistance by institutions like New York University may have kept this area from being a historic district,'' Mr. Berman said. So it came as a surprise to some when the university agreed to support the preservation effort. ------ More than a dozen homes were destroyed. Few buildings escaped damage, especially along the main street. But Kifl has recovered more quickly than many places in Iraq, in large part because it has not experienced the continuing resistance that has brought new destruction elsewhere and hampered efforts to rebuild. ------ The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration does not conduct rear-crash tests with dummies to simulate the effects on third-row seat occupants, said an agency spokesman, Tim Hurd, and has no immediate plans to do so. The agency already ranks vehicles with one to five stars for front and side safety and for rollover resistance. ------ The fight itself is worth fighting for. Only a decade after Hartford's museum opened, New York architecture began to be overtaken by a tyranny of politeness, a fear of breaking ranks that has yet to loosen its grip. The battle cry for architectural consensus that followed the attacks on Sept. 11 shows how deeply entrenched is the city's resistance to facing the unknown. ------ Historically, preservationists have been part of this resistance, not just, or even mainly, because some of them may oppose change, but because their criteria for conferring value are obsolete. This is becoming increasingly clear as more postwar buildings come eligible for landmark status. ''Typical of its period,'' ''an important example of its style'': criteria like these betray a 19th-century historicist approach to the past. They do not account for the dynamic, dialectic role that buildings play over time. ------ And when Mr. McGreevey announced on Tuesday that he wanted an endorsement from Rutgers by the end of the year, his negotiations with the Board of Governors and the Board of Trustees grew even touchier, people close to the talks said. Some board members stepped up efforts to organize resistance to the plan. ------ But even Mr. Manton's organization, one of the most formidable political machines in the nation, is meeting resistance. Some of the borough's State Assembly members are either remaining neutral or backing the candidacy of Mr. Lieberman, the Connecticut senator, partly out of deference to Sheldon Silver, the speaker of the State Assembly and a Democrat who is heading the Lieberman campaign in New York. ------ Early in 2002, Mr. Bronfman, realizing too late that Mr. Messier's spending spree had mired the company in debt, tried to oust Mr. Messier. The first attempt failed, and Mr. Bronfman later blamed French anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism for the resistance. After Vivendi's close brush with bankruptcy and Mr. Messier's departure in 2002, Mr. Bronfman was roundly derided on Wall Street and in the press. ''He took a beating -- some of it he deserved, some of it he didn't,'' Mr. Snyder said. ------ The director, Michael John Garcés, has not overcome the stilted writing, at least in part because the cast is uneven. No one else comes close to the level of poise, thoughtfulness and charm of Ms. Guevara, who, playing against the others and seeking the resistance of interaction or the chafe of conflict, often seems to be pushing on an open door. It's a performance that deserves to be seen in a play that does, too, though perhaps after Mr. Machado gives it another run through the typewriter. ------ Chronic stress can also raise blood pressure and blood sugar, constrict major arteries and interfere with normal digestive processes. These effects, in turn, increase the risk of hypertension, heart disease, strokes, chronic reflux disease, diarrhea or constipation, and insulin resistance, the precursor of Type 2 diabetes. ------ With a strong attractive force, the atoms pair into molecules that coalesce into a Bose-Einstein condensate. When the attraction is much weaker, the atoms still pair up. The partner is not the nearest neighbor, but one much farther away. That phenomenon, known as Cooper pairing, underlies the behavior of superconductors, which conduct electricity with virtually no electrical resistance, and of superfluids, which flow without friction. ------